Deck 5: Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Recent research has concluded that there is no medical need for women to have monthly periods.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In cultures that practice female circumcision, the procedure typically occurs at birth.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The number of women undergoing breast augmentation has decreased since 1995.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What is the primary function of the mons veneris?

A) To release hormones in a cyclical pattern
B) To aid in the maturation of the ova
C) To protect the genitals during intercourse
D) To facilitate conception

Question 5

What best describes the labia majora?

A) The collective term for the female external genitalia
B) Two small glands that secrete oils for lubrication
C) Two folds of fatty tissue that extend from the mons veneris to the perineum
D) Homologous structures to the male penis

Question 6

The uterus is the female's most important producer of female sex hormones.

Question 7

The term amenorrhea refers to painful menstruation.

Question 8

The labia minora join at the clitoris to form the prepuce.

Question 9

Current recommendations suggest routine Pap smears beginning at the age of 17 years.

Question 10

Implantation of a fertilized egg usually occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Question 11

Douching can destroy healthy bacteria in the vagina.

Question 12

The clitoris is the only human organ whose sole function is to bring sexual pleasure.

Question 13

What female external sex organ sits inside the labia majora and joins together to form the prepuce?

A) Clitoris
B) Perineum
C) Vulva
D) Labia minora

Question 14

Pap smears, taken during routine pelvic exams, test for ovarian cancer.

Question 15

The withdrawal bleeding that occurs while women are using oral contraceptives is different from the bleeding that occurs when women who do not use oral contraceptives have their periods.

Question 16

FSH and LH are produced by the ovaries, which in turn facilitates the menstrual cycle.

Question 17

While many people refer to the female's external sex organs as the "vagina," what is the more accurate term?

A) Mons pubis
B) Vulva
C) Perineum
D) Labia majora

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a part of the vulva?

A) Mons veneris
B) Clitoris
C) Labia majora
D) Cervix

Question 19

A fertilized ovum typically implants in the cervix.

Question 20

Couples who are more comfortable with their sexuality report higher levels of sexual intercourse during menstruation.

Question 21

What is the primary function of the fimbriae?

A) Direct the ova from the ovaries to the fallopian tubes.
B) Direct the release of hormones
C) Provide lubrication during sexual stimulation
D) Implant the fertilized egg into the uterus

Question 22

What does the term mittelschmerz refer to?

A) Slight pain or sensation felt by some women during ovulation
B) A German celebration that occurs upon a female's first period
C) The time when the ovaries first begin producing estrogen
D) The pain felt prior to childbirth when the cervix softens and dilates

Question 23

What best describes the process through which the vagina is lubricated during sexual arousal?

A) Sweating of the vaginal walls
B) Expansion of the cervix
C) Release of fluid by the Grafenberg spot
D) Release of mucus from the ovaries

Question 24

Which of the following does NOT characterize the vagina?

A) Primary female organ involved in sexual arousal
B) Passageway for sperm
C) Canal through which menstrual fluid flows
D) The birth canal

Question 25

In parts of the world where surgical removal of the clitoris is practiced, what is the common reason(s) given for the procedure?

A) Protection from HIV/AIDS
B) Culture and tradition
C) Protection of future fertility
D) Disease prevention

Question 26

What factor is often related to the onset of puberty for females?

A) Age at first intercourse
B) Height
C) Weight
D) All of these

Question 27

Where does fertilization of an ovum normally occur?

A) Uterus
B) Ampulla
C) Ovary
D) Vagina

Question 28

What is the area of tissue between the vagina and the anus called?

A) Vulva
B) Hymen
C) Perineum
D) Rectum

Question 29

Which of the following is a function of the cervix?

A) Allow menstrual fluid out of the uterus
B) Allow sperm to enter the uterus
C) Allow babies to pass out of the uterus
D) All of these

Question 30

What is the name for the structure of the female anatomy that is homologous to the penis and has the sole purpose of providing sexual pleasure?

A) Vagina
B) Vulva
C) Clitoris
D) G-spot

Question 31

If a woman has pain and swelling in the labial and vaginal areas due to an infected cyst, we could infer that the infection most likely came from:

A) The cervix.
B) The urethral opening.
C) The hymen.
D) The Bartholin's glands.

Question 32

Which statement regarding the uterus is FALSE?

A) It provides a path for sperm to reach the ovum.
B) It undergoes a cycle of changes each month that leads to menstruation.
C) It increases in size and weight during pregnancy.
D) It is a thin-walled organ that engorges with blood during sexual arousal.

Question 33

All of the following are true about breast self-examinations EXCEPT:

A) If a lump is detected, women should not panic because 80-90% of all lumps are noncancerous.
B) Women with breast implants are encouraged to perform breast self-exams.
C) A breast self-exam should be done at the same time each month preferably about 1 week after menstruation.
D) If one breast is slightly larger than the other, this should be reported to a doctor immediately.

Question 34

If a woman has a hymen that is not intact, what can we assume with almost 100% accuracy?

A) She is not a virgin.
B) She has used tampons.
C) She has engaged in vigorous exercise that has ruptured the hymen.
D) None of these

Question 35

What are two functions of the ovaries?

A) To produce eggs and secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone
B) To produce eggs and secrete hormones
C) To produce estrogen and secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone
D) To produce estrogen and fertilize sperm

Question 36

What layer of the uterus contracts to expel menstrual fluid and to push the fetus out of the womb during labor?

A) Perimetrium
B) Myometrium
C) Endometrium
D) Perineum

Question 37

What layer of the uterus is partially shed during menstruation?

A) Perimetrium
B) Myometrium
C) Endometrium
D) Perineum

Question 38

What is another name for the introitus?

A) Membrane lining of the uterus
B) Cervix
C) Vaginal opening
D) Urethral opening

Question 39

Which of the following statements regarding female breasts is FALSE?

A) Culture can impact the size of breasts that women prefer.
B) Breasts are modified sweat glands that produce milk.
C) Some women experience orgasm from breast stimulation alone.
D) The areola is the part of the breast that cannot be seen from the outside.

Question 40

What is one factor that makes women more susceptible than men to urinary tract infections?

A) A shorter urethra
B) Location of the urethra and introitus
C) Earlier onset of puberty
D) Hormones produced during the menstrual cycle

Question 41

During a menstrual cycle, what is the purpose of the uterine lining buildup?

A) To rid the body of toxins accumulated each month
B) To prepare for a pregnancy
C) To maintain blood circulation throughout the reproductive system
D) All of these

Question 42

Sadaf has irregular menstruation, is overweight, has excessive body and facial hair, and acne. What condition does Sadaf most likely have?

A) Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS)
B) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
C) Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
D) Premenopausal dysphoric syndrome (PMDS)

Question 43

What is one reason why menstrual suppression may be preferable to having monthly periods?

A) To avoid the sharp hormonal changes that occur throughout the menstrual cycle.
B) There would be a decrease in unintended pregnancies.
C) Women's fertility cycles would become more predictable.
D) There would likely be less relationship problems due to fewer women experiencing PMS.

Question 44

What are the four main areas of PMDD symptoms?

A) Behavioral, relational, cognitive, somatic
B) Cognitive, psychosomatic, relational, mood
C) Relational, physical, internal, behavioral
D) Mood, behavioral, somatic, cognitive

Question 45

Sara is experiencing vaginal burning and rawness along with a sometimes stabbing pain in the vaginal area. Although her gynecologist has been unable to identify a specific cause, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Uterine fibroids
B) Toxic shock syndrome
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Vulvodynia

Question 46

What is TRUE about withdrawal bleeding which occurs when a woman taking birth control pills stops taking them for a week?

A) It is usually greater in volume than menstrual flow for a woman who has not taken birth control for several months.
B) It does not occur if the woman takes placebo pills during that week.
C) It indicates that the woman is likely pregnant.
D) It is biologically very different from normal menstrual fluid.

Question 47

What is the age range in which menopause will typically occur?

A) 30-52
B) 35-64
C) 40-58
D) 50-67

Question 48

How much fluid (including tissue and blood) is typically released during the menstrual cycle?

A) 1-3 teaspoons
B) 2-4 Tablespoons
C) A half-cup (100ml)
D) A cup (200ml)

Question 49

According to your text book, what is a Pap test used for?

A) To determine whether or not a female has an STI
B) To examine cellsscraped from the cervix
C) To dilate the vagina
D) To examine the pelvis and abdomen

Question 50

A women who wants to reduce the severity of menstrual cramping without medication might find all of the following helpful, EXCEPT:

A) Moderate exercise.
B) Moderate alcohol use.
C) Reducing caffeine intake.
D) Increase consumption of green leafy vegetables and nuts.

Question 51

What is a specific risk factor that can contribute to PMDD?

A) History of major depression
B) Sexual abuse
C) Cigarette smoking
D) All of the above are risk factors that can contribute to PMDD.

Question 52

Decreasing estrogen during the years leading up to and after menopause can lead to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Enlargement of the clitoris and labia.
B) Growth of hair on upper lip and chin.
C) Increased risk for osteoporosis.
D) Vaginal dryness.

Question 53

What statement best describes findings related to the treatment of PMS and PMDD?

A) The majority of women respond well to treatment.
B) There doesn't seem to be any treatment that can provide significant relief.
C) Most treatments have so many side effects that women do not want to use them.
D) Dietary modifications do not typically reduce symptoms.

Question 54

What is the most probable diagnosis for a woman whose menstrual cycles are normal except that she experiences higher than normal menstrual flow?

A) Dysmenorrhea
B) Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
C) Menorrhagia
D) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 55

What general statement is MOST accurate concerning hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

A) HRT is associated with increased osteoporosis.
B) HRT is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer.
C) As a general practice, most physicians prescribe the original HRT dosage due to its lack of side effects.
D) There are pros and cons of HRT that need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Question 56

What statement is TRUE about menarche?

A) The average age of menarche is earlier for Black, non-Hispanic girls than White or Hispanic girls.
B) The average age of menarche for Asian girls is earlier than for White or Hispanic girls.
C) Menarche is not influenced by variousfactors, including genetics, nutrition, and environment.
D) The age of menarche has gradually been increasing.

Question 57

Which woman is MOST likely to experience secondary amenorrhea?

A) Jing who has underdeveloped reproductive organs.
B) D'lynne who is pregnant.
C) Lakesia who does not engage in regular exercise.
D) Dani who went through menopause last year.

Question 58

In which stage of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium reach its maximum thickness in preparation to receive and nourish a fertilized egg?

A) Follicular
B) Ovulatory
C) Luteal
D) Menstrual

Question 59

Which of the following is a recent addition to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)?

A) Amenorrhea
B) Premenstrual syndrome
C) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
D) Dysmenorrhea

Question 60

Which of the following statements is TRUE about menstrual manipulation?

A) It could be dangerous if a woman goes for more than six months without a period due to menstrual manipulation.
B) It can be done with pills which suppress the growth of the uterine lining.
C) Menstrual manipulation is associated with a later onset of menopause.
D) Menstrual manipulation does not reduce the symptoms related to menstruation.

Question 61

Explain what breasts are composed of and the various structures contained in them.

Question 62

Which type of gynecological cancer is most likely to lead to death?

A) Cervical
B) Endometrial
C) Ovarian
D) Vulva

Question 63

Explain why ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecological cancer. Also include information about the risk factors and treatments associated with ovarian cancer.

Question 64

Which structure of a female's genitalia is surgically removed in a circumcision procedure?

A) Clitoris
B) Labia
C) Hymen
D) Circumcisions are only performed on males

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT an external female sex organ?

A) Clitoris
B) Labia minora
C) Mons veneris
D) Vagina

Question 66

Define and differentiate amenorrhea, menorrhagia, and dysmenorrhea.

Question 67

Identify and explain what happens during each of the four phases of the menstrual cycle.

Question 68

Identify and discuss the functions of three internal female sexual organs.

Question 69

Explain what is done during a routine pelvic exam and why.

Question 70

Identify and discuss the functions of three external female sexual organs.

Question 71

What is the main cause of cervical cancer?

A) HPV infection
B) Family history
C) Trauma to the cervix during childbirth
D) Having sexual intercourse at a young age

Question 72

Identify and describe two forms of cancer of the female reproductive system including symptoms, prevalence rates, risk factors, and treatments.

Question 73

Discuss what we know about why puberty begins. Identify the factors that appear to be related to the onset of puberty.

Question 74

Describe the pathway of an ovum after ovulation with and without fertilization. Be sure to identify any integral structures involved with the process.

Question 75

When Ling's newborn son cries, she can feel her breasts become engorged with milk. Which of the following is responsible for stimulating Ling's mammary gland ducts to lactate?

A) Estrogen
B) Oxytocin
C) Progesterone
D) Colostrum