Deck 12: Pregnancy and Birth

Question 1

When two ova are released and both are fertilized by a sperm, what type of twins result?

A) Fraternal twins
B) Identical twins
C) Either fraternal or identical twins
D) Neither, only one egg at a time can be fertilized and twins result if that egg splits in two.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What does the term "ampulla" refer to?

A) The mucus plug that assists in the fertilization process
B) The place in the female reproductive tract where fertilization typically occurs
C) A surgical device used during artificial insemination
D) The spike in hormones experienced right after ovulation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If Amanda is 39 years old and has been actively trying to achieve a pregnancy, her health care provider would likely suggest infertility treatment and evaluation after how long?

A) After she and her partner had tried for over 1 year
B) After she and her partner had tried for 2 years
C) After she and her partner had tried for 6 months
D) After she and her partner had tried for 3 months

Answer 3

C

Question 4

At what point of fertilization does implantation in the uterus typically occur?

A) Within the first 24 hours after fertilization
B) Within 72 hours of fertilization
C) Approximately 5-8 days after fertilization
D) Approximately 10-14days after fertilization

Question 5

Using information based on what we know about rates of morning sickness across cultures, what statement is most likely accurate?

A) Women who live in wealthier countries experience less morning sickness.
B) Women from underdeveloped countries are more likely to development morning sickness.
C) Women who are vegan or vegetarians are less likely to experience morning sickness.
D) There are no cross‐cultural differences in experiences of morning sickness.

Question 6

Which statement best corresponds to data in your text related to fertility rates?

A) In 2012, the number of registered births showed a 10% increase from previous years.
B) Teen pregnancy continued to be on the rise according to data from 2012.
C) The largest increase in birth rates was among women in the 30-44 year age group.
D) All of these were true.

Question 7

What is an explanation for cross‐cultural food aversions that commonly develop during pregnancy?

A) They protect women from eating too much.
B) They protect the fetus from food‐borne illness and harmful bacteria.
C) It happens more often in women who are carrying twins.
D) It happens when there is an imbalance of amniotic fluid.

Question 8

Jackie has irregular periods, therefore, she did not realize she was already 14 weeks along when she took a home pregnancy test. However, the test was negative. What could explain this?

A) hCG levels peak in the 2nd and 3rd month of pregnancy and then drop off to levels that might not be detected by a home pregnancy test.
B) By the 12th week of pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone have leveled off so differences in them are no longer detected by a home pregnancy test.
C) Home pregnancy tests are only able to detect changes in a woman's body related to pregnancy for the first 6 weeks of pregnancy.
D) She was using her early morning urine for the test which tends to be lower in concentration of pregnancy hormones.

Question 9

A 25‐year old woman could be diagnosed with infertility after having regular unprotected sex and not conceiving after how many months?

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 12 months
D) 18 months

Question 10

How is the due date for a pregnancy typically calculated?

A) From the last day of the most recent period
B) From the estimated date of ovulation
C) From the estimated date of conception
D) From the first day of the last period

Question 11

About how long does an ovum live in the female reproductive tract?

A) 6 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 72 hours
D) 1 week

Question 12

When a couple is experiencing fertility problems, most often the problems can be traced back to:

A) Problems associated with just one of the partners.
B) A combined problem between both partners.
C) Unknown causes.
D) Psychological causes in the female partner.

Question 13

What is a common sign of early pregnancy?

A) Tender breasts
B) More frequent bowel movements
C) Increased libido
D) A feeling of stretching of the skin in the abdominal region

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a process that facilitates conception?

A) Female sexual desire peaks at ovulation until just before menstruation.
B) A mucus plug appears in the cervix to trap sperm.
C) Cervical mucus becomes thinner and stretchy.
D) Female orgasm helps draw semen into the uterus.

Question 15

Morning sickness is most likely caused by:

A) Eating something spicy or rich.
B) Increased estrogen and progesterone.
C) Growth of the uterus which pushes on the stomach.
D) Amniotic fluid that is passing through the placenta to the mother.

Question 16

What is the medical term for the developing human from the second through eighth weeks of pregnancy?

A) Blastocyst
B) Embryo
C) Fetus
D) Zygote

Question 17

What is the term given to the idea that something is wrong with a woman if she doesn't give birth to and care for children?

A) Feminine mystique
B) Glass floor
C) Female paradox
D) Motherhood mandate

Question 18

What medical procedure can be used for sex selection of an embryo?

A) Microsorting
B) Genetic embryo testing
C) Amniocentesis
D) All of these

Question 19

What is the name of the hormone that pregnancy tests detect to indicate pregnancy?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Colostrum
D) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 20

The role of the placenta is to:

A) Supply nutrients to the developing fetus.
B) Aid in respiratory and excretory functions of the fetus.
C) Secrete hormones necessary for the continuation of the pregnancy.
D) All of these

Question 21

How many weeks is a typical full‐term pregnancy?

A) 22 weeks
B) 36 weeks
C) 40 weeks
D) 44 weeks

Question 22

At what point during the pregnancy do many women report an increased sex drive?

A) During the first trimester
B) During the second trimester
C) During the third trimester
D) Most women report little interest in sex during the entire pregnancy.

Question 23

Current research found a connection between _______ and an increased risk of having a child with an autism spectrum disorder.

A) Use of some antidepressants
B) Father's age at time of conception
C) Both of these
D) Neither of these

Question 24

What statement regarding oral sex during pregnancy is TRUE?

A) Oral sex should be avoided during pregnancy.
B) Oral sex is fine, although air should never be blown into the vagina of a pregnant woman.
C) Oral sex is fine for women under the age of 30.
D) Oral sex is fine for all ages and there are no risks associated with it.

Question 25

What is the first organ system to function in the embryo?

A) The digestive system
B) The nervous system
C) The circulatory system
D) The urinary system

Question 26

A pregnant woman begins to feel fetal movement, and has more energy and less morning sickness. What stage of pregnancy is she in?

A) The first trimester
B) The second trimester
C) About 8 weeks into the pregnancy
D) About 8 weeks left to go in the pregnancy

Question 27

What statement regarding sex during pregnancy is TRUE?

A) Oral sex should be avoided during pregnancy.
B) Some cultures believe semen is essential throughout pregnancy for proper fetal development.
C) While intercourse is safe during pregnancy, orgasm is not and should be avoided.
D) During the first trimester, sexual interest is often at its peak because the couple does not have to worry about becoming pregnant anymore.

Question 28

What is one of the reasons the number of ectopic pregnancies has been increasing in the U.S.?

A) More females are using assisted reproductive technologies to become pregnant.
B) The level of quality nutrition available in the U.S. has declined.
C) There has been an increase in pelvic inflammatory disease caused by chlamydia infections.
D) The birth rate among teens and unmarried women has been increasing and these groups are less likely to receive prenatal care.

Question 29

What is the procedure called when sperm are collected via masturbation from the partner or from a sperm donor and then deposited in the vagina, cervix, uterus, or Fallopian tubes to assist with fertilization?

A) In vitro fertilization (IVF)
B) Preimplantation fertility diagnosis (PID)
C) Artificial insemination (AI)
D) Intracellular sperm injections (ICSI)

Question 30

Using cryopreservation techniques, people can choose to collect, freeze, and store ________ for later pregnancy attempts.

A) Sperm
B) Ovum
C) Embryos
D) All of these

Question 31

Ryan and Paul are a gay couple who would like to have a babywith a biological connection to them. Which method is their doctor likely to recommend?

A) Oocyte donation
B) Intracellular sperm injections
C) Invitro fertilization
D) Surrogate parenting

Question 32

What is the name for the intermittent, relatively painless contractions of the uterus after the third month of pregnancy?

A) Apgar contractions
B) Dilation contractions
C) Naegeles contractions
D) Braxton‐Hicks contractions

Question 33

When will the fetal movement likely be most frequent and strong?

A) Between 12‐24 weeks
B) During the 7th or 8th months of pregnancy
C) During the 2nd trimester
D) During the 9th month of pregnancy

Question 34

Which of the following has NOT been linked to cigarette use during pregnancy?

A) Miscarriage
B) Low birth weight
C) Prematurity
D) Abnormal facial development

Question 35

Which vitamin supplement are pregnant women often advised to take?

A) Folic acid
B) B6
C) Iron
D) All of these

Question 36

How does the gamete intra‐fallopian tube transfer (GIFT) procedure differ from in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

A) The GIFT procedure does not use sperm from a partner and only uses sperm from a donor bank, whereas either can be used with IVF.
B) The GIFT procedure uses both donated ovum and sperm, which is fertilized and then placed in the uterus, whereas IVF only uses donor or partner sperm.
C) The GIFT procedure implants the ova and sperm into the woman's body prior to fertilization, whereas with IVF they are transferred to the body after fertilization.
D) The GIFT procedure is basically the same as IVF except it adds a procedure to test for genetic abnormalities prior to placement in the woman's body.

Question 37

The fetus is about 13 inches long and 1.75 pounds, resembles a human and has developed reflexes such as sucking and swallowing. What stage of pregnancy are we talking about?

A) End of the first month
B) End of the first trimester
C) End of the second trimester
D) About 1 month before birth

Question 38

The major organ systems are formed, the circulatory and urinary systems are operating, and the fetus weighs about a half ounce. What stage of pregnancy are we talking about?

A) End of the first month
B) End of the first trimester
C) End of the second trimester
D) Half way through the pregnancy

Question 39

All of the following statements regarding exercise during pregnancy are true EXCEPT:

A) Exercise during pregnancy can result in shorter labor.
B) Exercise during pregnancy should not exceed pre‐pregnancy exercise levels.
C) Aquatic exercise is not recommended for pregnant women.
D) Sports such as scuba diving and horseback riding should be avoided during pregnancy.

Question 40

What is colostrum?

A) The waxy substance that coats and protects the fetus in utero
B) A thick, yellowish fluid, high in protein and antibodies, secreted from the nipples at the end of pregnancy and after delivery
C) A collection of thick mucus in the cervix that prevents bacteria from entering the uterus and is expelled a few weeks before delivery
D) A buildup of neurotransmitters in the woman's body that help inhibit some of the physical pain during labor

Question 41

Related to sexuality after childbirth, which of the following is true?

A) Most women take up to a year before resuming pre‐pregnancy sexual desire and frequency.
B) Sexual intercourse can be safely resumed immediately following delivery.
C) Most physicians advise heterosexual patients who had an uncomplicated delivery to wait 6 weeks postpartum before resuming intercourse.
D) Most women report increased vaginal lubrication up to 6 months postpartum.

Question 42

What is one of the reasons a mother who is Rh incompatible with her fetus is given the drug RhoGAM after delivery or after an amniocentesis, miscarriage, or abortion?

A) If she is not given the drug, she will not be able to breastfeed her baby or future children.
B) If she is not given the drug, it can be dangerous for future pregnancies and lead to fetal death.
C) If she is not given the drug within the first 12 hours of delivery, she is at risk for developing a serious bacterial infection that could result in death.
D) If she is not given the drug, she will likely become infertile.

Question 43

What percent of all diagnosed pregnancies end in miscarriage?

A) 2‐5%
B) 5‐10%
C) 15‐20%
D) 25‐30%

Question 44

Who is likely to have a shorter labor?

A) Lily, 25 years old, Asian
B) Janice, 36 years old, White
C) Judith, 26 years old, Hispanic
D) Gina, 20 years old, Black

Question 45

What is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester?

A) Ectopic pregnancy
B) Excessive loss of blood due to miscarriage
C) Bacterial blood infections transferred through the placenta
D) Uncontrollable morning sickness

Question 46

Which of the following happens during stage one of labor?

A) Crowning
B) Placenta expulsion
C) Cervical effacement
D) Episiotomy

Question 47

Which statement is most descriptive of problems during childbirth?

A) The overall premature birth rate in the U.S. has been increasing over the past decade.
B) The overall rate of C‐section deliveries has steadily been declining in the U.S.
C) C‐section is most often the delivery method of choice for fetuses in the breech position.
D) Most women who have a stillbirth are not able to carry future pregnancies to term.

Question 48

If a baby is born at 24weeks, what are its chances for survival?

A) If a baby is born at 24weeks, what are its chances for survival?
B) About 20%
C) Greater than 50%
D) Almost 100% with current technology

Question 49

Approximately how many women experience postpartum depression?

A) 1 in 4
B) 1 in 8
C) 1 in 15
D) 1 in 20

Question 50

Related to the birth process, what does engagement refer to?

A) The expulsion of the mucus plug from the cervix
B) When the top of the head appears in the vagina
C) When a baby's feet or buttocks are first
D) When the fetus moves into a "heads down" position in the uterus

Question 51

What happens during the final stage of labor?

A) Engagement
B) Placenta expulsion
C) Birth
D) Crowning

Question 52

What is the most common chromosomal abnormality resulting in birth defects?

A) Down syndrome
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Spina bifida
D) Autism

Question 53

Statistically speaking, during what time of the year are women most likely to get pregnant?

A) In the spring and early September
B) In the summer and late December
C) In the winter and early May
D) In the fall and late July

Question 54

What factor has been linked to preterm birth?

A) Artifical sweetners
B) Teen pregnancy
C) Smoking during pregnancy
D) All of these

Question 55

All of the following statements about labor induction are true EXCEPT:

A) Since the early 2000s, rates of labor induction have been gradually on the decline.
B) Some women choose to have labor induction for nonmedical reasons, such as avoiding birth on a holiday or to accommodate work schedules.
C) Based on current research, labor induction is typically not advised for non‐medical reasons.
D) Contractions caused by induced labor tend to be more painful and prolonged than those induced through natural labor.

Question 56

Fertilization normally takes place in the uterus

Question 57

There are medical procedures available that can be used for sex selection.

Question 58

What percent of babies worldwide are born at home?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 80%

Question 59

A mother breastfeeds her infant exclusively through the first 6 months and then continues breastfeeding until the child is 2. Whose recommendation is she following?

A) American Academy of Pediatrics
B) American Association of Midwives
C) World Health Organization
D) She is not following any standard recommendations as experts do not recommend?breastfeeding beyond the first year.

Question 60

What percent of babies are born on their due date?

A) 4%
B) 22%
C) 50%
D) 73%

Question 61

With modern advances, the use of fertility drugs no longer increases the likelihood of multiple births.

Question 62

Discuss the reasons women are delaying pregnancy more often these days. What are the risks of delayed pregnancy? Be sure to cite specific findings from your textbook.

Question 63

In 2011, the IRS announced that breast pumps and other breastfeeding supplies are tax deductible.

Question 64

Most fertility issues can be traced back to problems associated with just one of the partners.

Question 65

Explain the process of conception, and describe how the human body is programmed to help pregnancy occur. Make sure to reference information from your textbook.

Question 66

Exercise is not advised during pregnancy.

Question 67

Choose one of the three trimesters of pregnancy and discuss the major events for both the developing fetus and the mother.

Question 68

Drinking alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been found to be harmful, although drinking during the second or third trimester is associated with higher rates of birth defects.

Question 69

Choose any two types of assisted reproduction; explain each and describe when they would be most helpful to an infertile couple or for gay and lesbian couples.

Question 70

The rate of C-section deliveries has been steadily declining over the past 20 years.

Question 71

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and continued breastfeeding for a minimum of one year.

Question 72

There is no research evidence that modern-day ultrasounds pose any risk to a fetus.

Question 73

Women are most likely to feel the best during the second trimester of pregnancy.

Question 74

Some cultures believe semen is essential throughout pregnancy for proper fetal development.

Question 75

Identify four signs of pregnancy, and explain why they occur.

Question 76

Most states have structured and highly monitored laws regarding surrogate parenting.

Question 77

Invitro fertilization is the process of inserting an already fertilized zygote into the woman's uterus.

Question 78

The majority of births worldwide take place in hospitals.

Question 79

As of 2007, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend Down syndrome screening for all women, regardless of age.

Question 80

Infants born at 24 weeks gestation have a greater than 50% chance of survival.