Question 1

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication.This is an example of&#10;A) primary prevention.&#10;B) secondary prevention.&#10;C) tertiary prevention.&#10;D) disease treatment.

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol lowering medication following a heart attack.Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease.Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.

Question 2

A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease.This stage of illness is called the _____ stage.&#10;A) prodromal&#10;B) latent&#10;C) sequela&#10;D) convalescence

Accepted Answer

Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms.In infectious diseases, this period is often called the incubation (latent)period.Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease.These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases.Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease.Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.

Question 3

When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

idiopathic&#10;Many diseases are idiopathic in nature.

Question 4

The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as&#10;A) latent.&#10;B) subclinical.&#10;C) prodromal.&#10;D) convalescence.

Accepted Answer

The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is called the subclinical stage.The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period.The prodromal period, or prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease.Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.

Question 5

A disease that is native to a particular region is called&#10;A) epidemic.&#10;B) endemic.&#10;C) pandemic.&#10;D) ethnographic.

Accepted Answer

A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic.An epidemic is a disease that spreads to many individuals at the same time.Pandemics are epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.

Question 6

Socioeconomic factors influence disease development due to&#10;A) genetics.&#10;B) environmental toxins.&#10;C) overcrowding.&#10;D) nutrition.&#10;E) hygiene.

Accepted Answer

Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental toxins (occupational)and overcrowding, nutrition (over- or undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g., in developing countries).Genetics is not influenced by socioeconomic factors.

Question 7

A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake.This is an example of&#10;A) primary prevention.&#10;B) secondary prevention.&#10;C) tertiary prevention.&#10;D) disease treatment.

Accepted Answer

Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure.Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.

Question 8

C.Q.was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection.His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3° F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules.He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness.A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed.The etiology of C.Q.'s disease is

A) a sore throat.
B) streptococcal infection.
C) genetic susceptibility.
D) pharyngitis.

Accepted Answer

Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process.A sore throat is the manifestation of the disease process.Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tendency to develop a disease.Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinical manifestation of the disease process.

Question 9

The nurse is swabbing a patient's throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis.The nurse must understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is swabbing a patient's throat...

Question 10

A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis.This is an example of&#10;A) primary prevention.&#10;B) secondary prevention.&#10;C) tertiary prevention.&#10;D) disease treatment.

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals by providing vaccination.Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease.Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.

Question 11

In general, with aging, organ size and function&#10;A) increase.&#10;B) decrease.&#10;C) remain the same.&#10;D) is unknown.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, with aging, organ size and...

Question 12

An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program.This is an example of&#10;A) primary prevention.&#10;B) secondary prevention.&#10;C) tertiary prevention.&#10;D) disease treatment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An obese but otherwise healthy teen is...

Question 13

Your patient's red blood cell is slightly elevated today.This might be explained by&#10;A) gender difference.&#10;B) situational factors.&#10;C) normal variation.&#10;D) cultural variation.&#10;E) illness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient's red blood cell is slightly...

Deck 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology