Deck 15: Alterations in Blood Flow

Question 1

When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) stays the same.
D) moves to the extremities.

Answer 1

decreases.

Question 2

What is the effect on resistance if the radius of a vessel is halved?

A) Resistance doubles.
B) Resistance decreases by a factor of 16.
C) Resistance decreases by half.
D) Resistance increases by a factor of 16.

Answer 2

Resistance increases by a factor of 16.

Question 3

Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include

A) edema.
B) intermittent claudication.
C) decreased pressure proximal to the obstruction.
D) distal hyperemia.

Answer 3

intermittent claudication.

Question 4

Which causes vasoconstriction?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Calcium channel blocker
C) a-Adrenergic antagonist
D) Acetylcholine

Question 5

A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is

A) stroke.
B) hypertensive crisis.
C) extremity necrosis.
D) pulmonary embolus.

Question 6

Peripheral edema is a result of

A) arterial insufficiency.
B) venous thrombosis.
C) hypertension.
D) atherosclerosis.

Question 7

Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by

A) cardiac output.
B) the autonomic nervous system.
C) velocity.
D) hemodynamics.

Question 8

The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of

A) viscosity.
B) the vessel length.
C) the vessel radius.
D) resistance.

Question 9

The relationship of blood flow (Q), resistance (R), and pressure (P)in a vessel can be expressed by which equation?

A) Q = P/R
B) Q = R/P
C) R = PQ
D) P = Q/R

Question 10

Blood flow is slow through capillaries because capillaries

A) are so far away from the heart.
B) have the largest total cross-sectional area.
C) are so narrow.
D) have no smooth muscle.

Question 11

Risk factors for atherosclerosis include

A) female gender.
B) hyperlipidemia.
C) high-protein diet.
D) low-fiber diet.

Question 12

Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?

A) Peripheral edema
B) Absent peripheral pulses
C) Redness and swelling
D) Atrophy of distal tissues

Question 13

Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?

A) Increased tissue hydrostatic pressure
B) Increased colloid osmotic pressure
C) Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D) Increased capillary oncotic pressure

Question 14

The goal of heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to

A) relieve edema.
B) prevent clot dislodgement.
C) dissolve the thrombus.
D) prevent further clot formation.

Question 15

Velocity of blood flow is measured in

A) centimeters per second.
B) millimeters per minute.
C) yards per hour.
D) kilometers per minute.

Question 16

Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?

A) Thrombocytopenia
B) Vascular trauma
C) Stasis of blood flow
D) Circulatory shock

Question 17

Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?

A) An arteriole
B) A capillary
C) A venule
D) The vena cava

Question 18

Tissues are able to autoregulate their rate of blood flow by controlling

A) perfusion pressure.
B) arterial blood pressure.
C) vascular resistance.
D) venous return to the heart.

Question 19

Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction?

A) Pain
B) Purpura
C) Pallor
D) Pulselessness

Question 20

Venous obstruction leads to edema because it ________ pressure.

A) increases capillary oncotic
B) increases arterial blood
C) decreases tissue
D) increases capillary hydrostatic

Question 21

When a patient is struck in the eye by a baseball, the result is redness and swelling.This increase in blood flow to a localized area is called

A) autoregulation.
B) edema.
C) hyperemia.
D) hypoxia.

Question 22

Blood flow is measured as a given number of

A) liters.
B) milliliters.
C) nanoliters.
D) cubic centimeters.
E) cubic millimeters.

Question 23

The pain characteristics of chronic venous insufficiency include

A) aching and cramping in the affected area.
B) relief with elevation to the area.
C) relief with ambulation if pain is in the legs.
D) burning and prickling in the affected area.
E) relief with massage to the area.

Question 24

Which changes in the circulatory system occur in the older adult?

A) Increased baroreceptor function
B) Increased response to hypertensive stimuli
C) Increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
D) Decreased afterload
E) Decreased elasticity of vessel walls

Question 25

The smallest vessels of the vascular system and the lymphatic vessels are commonly referred to as the ________.

Question 26

Venules are composed of ________ tissue.

Question 27

A(n)________ is a stationary blood clot formed within a vessel or a chamber of the heart.

Question 28

The primary functions of the circulatory system are

A) transport oxygen.
B) transport nutrients.
C) remove metabolic waste.
D) reabsorb leaking fluid.
E) return leukocytes to the circulation.

Question 29

The relationship between blood flow and resistance is a(n)________ one.