Deck 25: Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Question 1

Respiratory acidosis is associated with

A) increased carbonic acid.
B) hypokalemia.
C) increased neuromuscular excitability.
D) increased pH.

Answer 1

increased carbonic acid.

Question 2

Causes of metabolic acidosis include

A) hyperventilation.
B) massive blood transfusion.
C) tissue anoxia.
D) hypoventilation.

Answer 2

tissue anoxia.

Question 3

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by

A) decreased carbon dioxide.
B) elevated carbon dioxide.
C) decreased bicarbonate ion concentration.
D) elevated bicarbonate ion concentration.

Answer 3

elevated bicarbonate ion concentration.

Question 4

The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by

A) hypoventilation.
B) decreasing arterial carbon dioxide.
C) increasing bicarbonate ion excretion.
D) hyperventilation.

Question 5

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

A) metabolic acidosis.
B) respiratory acidosis.
C) respiratory alkalosis.
D) mixed alkalosis.

Question 6

Emesis causes

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 7

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

A) hemoglobin.
B) albumin.
C) bicarbonate.
D) phosphate.

Question 8

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

A) Metabolic
B) Carbonic
C) Bicarbonate
D) Ammonia

Question 9

Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as

A) metabolic acidosis.
B) metabolic alkalosis.
C) respiratory alkalosis.
D) mixed acid-base imbalance.

Question 10

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

A) hyperventilation.
B) pneumonia.
C) chest muscle weakness.
D) pulmonary edema.

Question 11

Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of

A) carbonic acid deficit.
B) metabolic acid deficit.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) carbonic acid excess.

Question 12

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

A) increased pH, increased HCO₃^--.
B) increased pH, decreased HCO₃^-.
C) decreased pH, increased HCO₃^-.
D) decreased pH, decreased HCO₃^-.

Question 13

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

A) hyperventilation.
B) massive blood transfusion.
C) tissue hypoxia.
D) hypoventilation.

Question 14

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

A) neuromuscular depression.
B) anxiety acidosis.
C) numbness and tingling in the extremities.
D) acute compensatory metabolic acidosis.

Question 15

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic alkalosis.
D) metabolic acidosis.

Question 16

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

A) gastrointestinal
B) renal
C) cardiovascular
D) respiratory

Question 17

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by

A) pH 7.36, PaO₂ 55, HCO₃^- 36.
B) pH 7.45, PaO₂ 40, HCO₃^-28.
C) pH 7.26, PaO₂ 60, HCO₃^- 26.
D) pH 7.40, PaO₂ 40, HCO₃^- 24.

Question 18

Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to

A) metabolic alkalosis.
B) metabolic acidosis.
C) respiratory acidosis.
D) mixed acid-base disorders.

Question 19

The finding of ketones in the blood suggests that a person may have

A) metabolic acidosis.
B) metabolic alkalosis.
C) respiratory acidosis.
D) respiratory alkalosis.

Question 20

Diarrhea causes

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 21

A 3 year old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis.What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?

A) Slow, shallow breathing, belligerence, hyperexcitability
B) Slow, shallow breathing, numbness and tingling around his mouth
C) Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain
D) Rapid, deep breathing, tremors, elevated blood pressure

Question 22

If an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis, the blood pH is

A) high.
B) low.
C) in the normal range.
D) either high or low, depending on the type of compensation.

Question 23

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse.Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

A) pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal
B) pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ high, bicarbonate high
C) pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ low, bicarbonate low
D) pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal

Question 24

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

A) hypernatremia.
B) hyponatremia.
C) hyperkalemia.
D) hypokalemia.

Question 25

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

A) coma.
B) headache.
C) muscle cramps.
D) short and shallow respirations.

Question 26

The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who

A) is in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure.
B) has had hypokalemia for over a week.
C) has had diarrhea for over a week.
D) has newly diagnosed Cushing syndrome.