Question 1

Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as&#10;A) placenta previa.&#10;B) hyperemesis gravidarum.&#10;C) abruptio placentae.&#10;D) spontaneous abortion.

Accepted Answer

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a Latin term for excess of vomiting in pregnant women.Although transient nausea and vomiting occur in about half of women in the first trimester of pregnancy, in a few women these symptoms continue throughout the entire course of pregnancy.Placenta previa is a condition in which the placenta is implanted abnormally over the internal cervical os.Abruptio placentae is premature separation of the placenta before delivery of the fetus.Spontaneous abortion is expulsion of the products of conception from the uterus before the period of fetal viability.

Question 2

A potential risk factor for breast cancer includes&#10;A) a history of fibrocystic breast disease.&#10;B) more than three pregnancies prior to age 35.&#10;C) malnourishment.&#10;D) early menarche and late first pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

It has been observed in many research studies that giving birth at a young age (less than 18 years)is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer, and that giving birth for the first time aged 35 years or older increases the risk.Recent research has disproved the theory that fibrocystic breast disease leads to cancer.Parity (the number of children a woman has given birth to)has been associated with risk, with low parity increasing risk and high parity having a protective effect.It has been suggested that the amount of fat in the diet is a risk factor for breast cancer.

Question 3

Endometriosis is a condition in which&#10;A) the endometrium sloughs continuously.&#10;B) ectopic endometrial tissue is present.&#10;C) an abnormal Pap smear is diagnostic.&#10;D) the endometrium proliferates and does not shed.

Accepted Answer

Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the lining of the uterine cavity.The only normal location for endometrial tissue is the endometrial lining of the uterus, but with endometriosis, the tissue is found outside the uterine cavity.Endometriosis is not diagnosed with a Pap smear.Diagnosis is made by a physician based on symptoms.The most prominent symptom of endometriosis is dysmenorrheal.

Question 4

A 32-year-old female complaining of severe pain with menstruation and inability to participate in her routine household activities is likely experiencing&#10;A) dysmenorrhea.&#10;B) menorrhagia.&#10;C) amenorrhea.&#10;D) metrorrhagia.

Accepted Answer

Dysmenorrhea is menstruation that is painful enough to limit normal activity or to cause a woman to seek health care.Menorrhagia is an often debilitating increase in the amount or duration of menstrual bleeding.Amenorrhea is the absence or suppression of menstruation in a female age 16 years or older; it occurs if a woman misses three or more periods in a row.Metrorrhagia, or bleeding between menstrual periods, usually results from slight physiologic bleeding from the endometrium during ovulation, but may also result from other causes such as uterine malignancy, cervical erosions, and endometrial polyps or as a side effect of estrogen therapy.

Question 5

It is true that fibrocystic breast disease&#10;A) commonly progresses to breast cancer.&#10;B) may be exacerbated by methylxanthines.&#10;C) is characterized by painless breast lumps.&#10;D) is a contraindication for progesterone birth control pills.

Accepted Answer

In fibrocystic breast disease, it is thought that methylxanthines tend to stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate and thus increase metabolic activity in the breast.Nutritional therapies have shown success in some women, particularly avoidance of foods with methylxanthines such as tea, coffee, cola, and chocolate.Recent research has disproved the theory that fibrocystic breast disease leads to cancer.Fibrocystic breast disease is characterized by tenderness or pain in one or both breasts.Oral contraceptives have been recommended to control symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease.

Question 6

The expected treatment of a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum is&#10;A) immediate cesarean section.&#10;B) seizure prophylaxis.&#10;C) surgical removal of uterine contents.&#10;D) intravenous therapy.

Accepted Answer

Intravenous therapy to correct metabolic and nutritional abnormalities, antiemetic agents, and supportive care in a hospital environment may be needed to resolve the symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum.Therapeutic strategies for placenta previa and abruptio placentae include cesarean section for fetal distress or hemorrhage control.Seizure prophylaxis may be indicated in the presence of pregnancy induced hypertension.If an incomplete abortion has occurred, it may be necessary to surgically remove the remaining uterine contents.

Question 7

What reproductive tract disorder is most likely to be associated with urinary stress incontinence?&#10;A) Rectocele&#10;B) Menopause&#10;C) Cystocele&#10;D) Cervicitis

Accepted Answer

A cystocele is a protrusion of a portion of the urinary bladder into the anterior of the vagina at a weakened part of the vaginal musculature.In moderate to severe cases, a sensation of pressure can be felt in the vagina, along with dysuria, incontinence, and back pain.Clinical manifestations of rectocele would involve difficulties in bowel evacuation or constipation.Urinary stress incontinence is not a manifestation of menopause.Cervicitis is not associated with urinary stress incontinence.

Question 8

Treatment of a uterine prolapse may involve the insertion of a(n)________ to hold the uterus in place.&#10;A) catheter.&#10;B) IUD.&#10;C) pessary.&#10;D) endopelvic mesh implant.

Accepted Answer

Uterine prolapse is one of the most common reasons for hysterectomy usually from the vaginal approach.In patients who are at poor risk for surgery or who choose not to have a hysterectomy, a pessary, which is a small supportive device, is inserted to hold the uterus in place.A urinary catheter is not useful in holding the uterus in place.An intrauterine device would not be useful in treating a uterine prolapse.Uterine prolapse is not treated with insertion of a mesh implant.

Question 9

Which pharmacologic treatments may be seen in a patient with breast cancer?&#10;A) Estrogen receptor modulators&#10;B) Estrogen antagonists&#10;C) Anti-inflammatory agents&#10;D) Estrogen/progesterone combination therapies&#10;E) Antineoplastic agents

Accepted Answer

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS), estrogen antagonists, are the most common agents used in the treatment of breast cancer.Antineoplastic agents are given to control the spread of malignant cells.Anti-inflammatory agents would not be effective in the primary treatment of breast cancer.Recent data show that the risk of breast cancer may be greater for women taking estrogen/progesterone combination therapies than for women taking estrogen only therapies.

Question 10

The most common types of uterine tumors are known as&#10;A) ovarian cysts.&#10;B) endometriomas.&#10;C) hydatidiform moles.&#10;D) leiomyomas.

Accepted Answer

Benign fibroid tumors, or leiomyomas, are the most common uterine tumor, affecting about 20% of women older than 35 years.Ovarian cysts are sacs on an ovary that contain fluid or semisolid material.Endometriomas, or endometrial implants, usually occur in the pelvis.Theca-lutein cysts are commonly bilateral and filled with clear, straw-colored fluid.Often their development is associated with hydatidiform moles.

Question 11

A change occurring in a pregnant woman that is indicative of a potential disorder is&#10;A) increased metabolic rate.&#10;B) 30% to 40% increase in cardiac output.&#10;C) increased oxygen consumption.&#10;D) increased urinary protein.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A change occurring in a pregnant woman...

Question 12

A 52-year-old female had a surgical procedure in which the breast, lymphatics, and underlying muscle were removed.The procedure performed was a&#10;A) radical mastectomy.&#10;B) modified radical mastectomy.&#10;C) mastectomy.&#10;D) lumpectomy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 52-year-old female had a surgical procedure...

Question 13

Which symptom would be manifested in a woman diagnosed with pregnancy-induced hypertension?&#10;A) Excessive vomiting&#10;B) Proteinuria&#10;C) Peripheral edema&#10;D) Increased arterial pressure&#10;E) Hemorrhage

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which symptom would be manifested in a...

Question 14

Absence of menstruation is called&#10;A) amenorrhea.&#10;B) metrorrhagia.&#10;C) menorrhagia.&#10;D) dysmenorrhea.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Absence of menstruation is called&#10;A) amenorrhea.&#10;B) metrorrhagia.&#10;C)...

Question 15

A breast lump that is painless, hard, and unmoving is most likely&#10;A) fibrocystic breast disease.&#10;B) fibroadenoma.&#10;C) papilloma.&#10;D) carcinoma.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A breast lump that is painless, hard,...

Question 16

The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to girls as young as _____ years of age.&#10;A) 7&#10;B) 8&#10;C) 9&#10;D) 10

Accepted Answer

The answer of The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11-...

Question 17

Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the&#10;A) cardinal ligaments.&#10;B) abdominal organs.&#10;C) cervix.&#10;D) vaginal musculature.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation...

Question 18

Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the ________ test.&#10;A) Papanicolaou.&#10;B) human papillomavirus.&#10;C) gonorrhoeae.&#10;D) vaginal pH.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cervical cancer can be detected in the...

Question 19

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)is due to&#10;A) endometrial inflammation.&#10;B) reproductive tract malignancies.&#10;C) endometrial fibroid tumors.&#10;D) absent or diminished levels of progesterone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)is due to&#10;A) endometrial...

Question 20

Infection by ________ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis.&#10;A) Chlamydia trachomatis&#10;B) Candida albicans&#10;C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae&#10;D) Pseudomonas

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infection by ________ accounts for nearly half...

Deck 33: Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function