Question 1

_________ is one of the most common complications of diabetes.&#10;A) Cataract&#10;B) Diabetic retinopathy&#10;C) Macular degeneration&#10;D) Glaucoma

Accepted Answer

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes, afflicting about 20% of adults with the disease.Symptoms increase in prevalence and severity with increasing duration of illness and poorer blood sugar control.Cataract development is associated with the aging process.Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness among people aged 55 and older.Glaucoma is an increase in intraocular pressure and is more common in people with diabetes.

Question 2

When dealing with an elderly patient with hearing loss, the nurse should&#10;A) speak loudly so that the patient can hear better.&#10;B) stand to the side of the patient, speaking into the dominant ear.&#10;C) speak at a normal rate, rhythm and volume.&#10;D) use long sentences and draw pictures.

Accepted Answer

Speech should be at a normal rate and rhythm and at normal volume.Shouting can distort sounds and actually make them more difficult to hear.To improve communication, adequate visual contact should be made.Lighting and positioning should be such that the individual can see the speaker's lips.The speaker should use shorter sentences and gestures such as pointing, when appropriate.

Question 3

A vestibular disorder that is manifested by the sensation of motion without actual motion is referred to as&#10;A) equilibrium.&#10;B) nystagmus.&#10;C) vertigo.&#10;D) effusion.

Accepted Answer

Vertigo is a common symptom of vestibular disorders rather than a well-defined disease.It is either a sensation of motion without any actual motion or an exaggerated sense of motion.The sense of equilibrium is responsible for balance.Nystagmus is a condition which may accompany vertigo.Effusion is an excessive accumulation of fluid.

Question 4

Expected management of acute otitis media includes&#10;A) surgical removal of debris in the middle ear.&#10;B) placement of ventilation tubes in the tympanic membrane.&#10;C) antibiotic therapy.&#10;D) adenoidectomy.

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic therapy and control of fever is the recommended approach for some cases of acute otitis media.Management of chronic otitis media generally includes surgical removal of debris in the middle ear, placement of ventilation tubes in the tympanic membrane, and adenoidectomy to assist with eustachian tube function.Ventilation tubes may be done in cases of recurrent otitis media.Adenoidectomy in chronic otitis media may be useful in assisting with Eustachian tube function.

Question 5

A condition of ocular misalignment that causes a cross-eyed appearance is referred to as&#10;A) strabismus.&#10;B) amblyopia.&#10;C) cataract.&#10;D) retinopathy.

Accepted Answer

Strabismus, also called squint or cross-eyedness, is a condition of ocular misalignment.The eyes appear misaligned on examination.Amblyopia is poor vision, even with the proper optical correction, in one or both eyes.Cataracts are a clouding or opacity of the lens.Retinopathy is any disorder of the retina.

Question 6

Opacification of the lens is commonly referred to as&#10;A) hyperopia.&#10;B) glaucoma.&#10;C) presbyopia.&#10;D) cataract.

Accepted Answer

Cataracts are a clouding or opacity of the lens that leads to gradual blurring of vision and eventual loss of sight.In hyperopia, light rays are focused behind the retina.Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure and progressive loss of vision.Presbyopia is the loss of accommodative capacity.

Question 7

Which structures make up the middle ear?&#10;A) Cerumen&#10;B) Malleus&#10;C) Incus&#10;D) Scala media&#10;E) Stapes

Accepted Answer

The tympanic membrane is connected to the first of the ossicles, the malleus (hammer), followed by the incus (anvil)and stapes (stirrup).The ossicles further amplify the sound waves and then transfer airborne sound waves to the fluid-filled inner ear at the oval window.Along the ear canal are glands that secrete cerumen.This brown, waxlike substance coats the hairs in the canal to prevent foreign bodies from entering.The scala media is one of the tubes of the cochlea, which is in the inner ear.

Question 8

A sudden onset of eye pain and impaired vision associated with pupil dilation is characteristic of&#10;A) narrow-angle glaucoma.&#10;B) open-angle glaucoma.&#10;C) cataract.&#10;D) retinal detachment.

Accepted Answer

Primary acute angle closure glaucoma is caused by abnormality of the angle between the pupil and lateral cornea.This angle is narrow and blocks outflow of aqueous humor when the pupil is dilated.Open-angle glaucoma has an insidious onset with no symptoms in the early stages.Cataracts are a painless blurring of vision.Retinal detachment is usually spontaneous and secondary to trauma.

Question 9

Nerve fibers of the ________ system have their cell bodies in the mucous membrane of the upper and posterior parts of the nasal cavity.&#10;A) visual&#10;B) auditory&#10;C) gustatory&#10;D) olfactory

Accepted Answer

Nerve fibers of the olfactory system have their cell bodies in the mucous membrane of the upper and posterior parts of the nasal cavity.The sense of smell begins with chemical stimulation of these cells.The nerve fibers of the visual system are not found in the nasal cavity.The organ of Corti is associated with sensory fibers for hearing.The gustatory sensory receptors are related to taste.

Question 10

The nurse caring for an individual with vision impairment should be prepared to&#10;A) keep the patient on bedrest to avoid injury.&#10;B) speak to the patient with a clear, loud voice.&#10;C) announcing himself or herself at all interactions.&#10;D) provide as much bright light as possible.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral techniques for the health care professional and visually impaired individuals can promote client comfort, safety, and independence.Such techniques for the professional include announcing oneself at all interactions and explaining sensory occurrences.Encouraging independence and social interaction often benefits individuals with vision impairment.The nurse should speak to the patient in a normal manner and announce himself or herself at all interactions.Individuals should be discouraged from using bright light, to reduce glare.

Question 11

It is true that a conductive hearing loss&#10;A) cannot be corrected.&#10;B) is due to damage to hair cells in the inner ear.&#10;C) usually results from chronic exposure to loud noise.&#10;D) is due to dysfunction of outer and middle ear structures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is true that a conductive hearing...

Question 12

M&#233;ni&#232;re disease is characterized by&#10;A) bilateral hearing impairment.&#10;B) vertigo in association with hearing loss.&#10;C) middle ear infection.&#10;D) ossification of bones in the middle ear.

Accepted Answer

The answer of M&#233;ni&#232;re disease is characterized by&#10;A) bilateral hearing...

Question 13

Hearing loss associated with aminoglycosides is known as&#10;A) sensorineural.&#10;B) conductive.&#10;C) presbycusis.&#10;D) otosclerosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hearing loss associated with aminoglycosides is known...

Question 14

Myopia is due to an error of light refraction in which&#10;A) light rays are scattered as they pass through the cornea.&#10;B) the focal point of an image is behind the retina.&#10;C) far vision is impaired.&#10;D) accommodation is impaired.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Myopia is due to an error of...

Deck 46: Alterations in Special Sensory Function