Deck 8: Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight

Question 1

What is the BMI of a man who weighs 220 lbs and is 6 feet tall?

A)54.9
B)36.7
C)29.9
D)24.0

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following contributes the highest thermic effect of food?

A)fats
B)mixed diet with at least 50% carbohydrate
C)carbohydrates
D)proteins

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The generally accepted respiratory quotient (RQ)value for carbohydrate is ____.

A)0.53
B)​0.70
C)0.82
D)1.0

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following represents a BMI range considered to be healthy for most adult men and women?

A)<18.5
B)15-18
C)18.5-24.9
D)>30

Question 5

Which of the following techniques for measuring body composition makes use of small exposures to radiation?

A)MRI
B)DEXA
C)TOBEC
D)BIA

Question 6

Underwater weighing,a method used to determine body composition,is based on which principle?

A)Lean body tissue is denser than adipose tissue.
B)Adipose tissue is denser than lean body tissue.
C)Adipose tissue is composed mostly of water.
D)Body fluids are not being weighed using this method.

Question 7

When oxidized,which nutrient(s)provide(s)the lowest respiratory quotient?

A)carbohydrate
B)protein
C)fat
D)mixed diet

Question 8

Thermoregulation refers to ____.

A)alterations in metabolism to maintain body core temperature
B)alterations in food energy due to cooking
C)the increase in energy expenditure associated with the body's processing of food
D)the body's storage of food as fat for insulation

Question 9

Bioelectrical impedance analysis,a method used to determine body composition,is based on which principle?

A)Atomic nuclei behave like magnets when an external magnetic field is applied across the body.
B)Adipose tissue is denser than lean body tissue.
C)Electrical conductivity is greater in lean tissue than in adipose tissue.
D)Fat-free mass is proportional to total body potassium.

Question 10

The thermic effect of food represents the ____.

A)BMR minus the energy used in physical activity
B)decrease in food energy due to cooking
C)increase in energy expenditure associated with the body's processing of food
D)body's storage of food as fat for insulation

Question 11

Body mass index (BMI)is one way to estimate ____.

A)appropriate weight for height
B)actual body adiposity
C)body fat distribution
D)risk factors associated with obesity

Question 12

Quantification of total energy expenditure may be calculated using ____.

A)neutron activation
B)infrared light
C)high-frequency ultrasonic energy
D)the doubly labeled water method

Question 13

In a clinical setting,which RQ suggests that the patient is not using fat as a source of calories?

A)<0.70
B)<0.80
C)<0.90
D)1.00

Question 14

In the reference man and woman,respectively,what percentage of body weight is fat?

A)10%, 20%
B)15%, 27%
C)30%, 40%
D)45%, 55%

Question 15

Thermogenesis is associated with ____.

A)generation of water
B)ingestion of food
C)synthesis of fat
D)processing of food

Question 16

Which body component comprises more diverse tissues?

A)lean body mass
B)fat mass
C)fat-free mass
D)skinfold thickness

Question 17

The incidence of obesity has increased rapidly in the last 30 years and is associated with increased risk for which of the following disorders?

A)stunting, wasting
B)stroke, sleep apnea
C)osteoporosis, osteopenia
D)hepatitis, tuberculosis

Question 18

Basal metabolic rate represents ____.

A)the rate of energy expenditure that sustains basic life processes in all cells in the awake state
B)the rate of energy expenditure when the body is at rest and no food has been eaten in 4 hours
C)minimal energy expenditure over a period of 24 hours
D)all energy expenditure except that is attributable to physical activity

Question 19

The ratio of carbon dioxide produced relative to oxygen consumed is known as the ____.

A)respiratory quotient
B)respiratory balance
C)respiratory deficit
D)respiratory ratio

Question 20

Which RQ would not be possible for an ordinary mixed diet of carbohydrate,protein,and fat?

A)0.85
B)0.80
C)0.75
D)0.15

Question 21

Which of the following methods of estimating energy expenditure does NOT require knowledge of the individual's age?

A)doubly labeled water method
B)Harris-Benedict prediction equation
C)Mifflin-St. Jeor equation
D)estimated energy requirement equation

Question 22

The connection between body,weight,body fat,and health were recognized centuries ago by ____.

A)Hippocrates
B)Socrates
C)Galen
D)Plato

Question 23

The highest incidence of heat-related deaths occurs among ____.

A)high school baseball players
B)professional football players
C)high school football players
D)professional soccer players

Question 24

A recommended measurement to determine energy expenditure is ____.

A)basal metabolic rate
B)resting metabolic rate
C)urinary nitrogen excretion
D)thermic effect of food

Question 25

Central obesity,increased plasma fasting glucose,increased fasting plasma triglyceride,hypertension,and decreased plasma HDL cholesterol are associated with ____.

A)diabetes
B)insulin resistance
C)metabolic syndrome
D)Cushing's disease

Question 26

Energy expenditure can be quantified by measuring ____.

A)the amount of water consumed in one hour
B)water vapor output in one hour
C)heat dissipated by the body
D)the change in muscle tone after exercise

Question 27

Excess body fat increases the risk of developing ____.

A)hyperthyroidism
B)breast and endometrial cancer
C)hypothyroidism
D)rheumatoid arthritis

Question 28

Which of the following hormones or molecules increases the urge to eat?

A)leptin
B)ghrelin
C)adiponectin
D)insulin

Question 29

Why should a person with more than the average amount of body fat feel less hungry?

A)increased body fat means increased leptin that suppresses hunger
B)increased body fat means more stored calories
C)increased body fat insulates causing increased body temperature
D)increased body fat means more ketones are available for energy

Question 30

Difficulties in getting accurate calculations of RMR based on the various equations developed arise in which group of people?

A)people with excess body fat
B)people who are lean
C)adolescents
D)young adults

Question 31

Quantifying the energy expenditure of physical activity requires measuring ____.

A)RMR (BMR)
B)RQ
C)thermal effect of food
D)thermoneutrality

Question 32

In order to determine disease risk,many health professionals use BMI and which other measurement?

A)body temperature
B)tibial length
C)head diameter
D)waist circumference

Question 33

A clustering of factors that occur together more often than expected on chance alone is a ____.

A)symptom
B)syndrome
C)disease
D)condition

Question 34

Where is insulin produced?

A)stomach and duodenum
B)β-cells of pancreas
C)intestine
D)white adipose tissue

Question 35

Where is ghrelin produced?

A)white adipose tissue
B)pancreas
C)intestine
D)stomach and duodenum

Question 36

Which of the following is a suggested reason for the persistent feeling of hunger in the presence of increased leptin levels?

A)lack of leptin receptors
B)ghrelin overproduction
C)leptin resistance
D)damage to the hypothalamus

Question 37

The adjustments in metabolism necessary to maintain the body's core temperature are referred to as ____.

A)thermoneutrality
B)thermal effects
C)thermal control
D)thermoregulation

Question 38

Diet-induced thermogenesis is also called ____.

A)basal metabolic rate
B)resting metabolic rate
C)thermal regulation
D)thermic effect of food

Question 39

Which method of assessing energy expenditure requires the measurement of food intake?

A)doubly labeled water method
B)Harris-Benedict prediction equation
C)Mifflin-St. Jeor equation
D)estimated energy requirement equation

Question 40

In degrees Fahrenheit,how much of a change in body temperature both up and down is tolerable before death results?

A)10 up, 10 down
B)5 up, 10 down
C)10 up, 5 down
D)5 up, 5 down

Question 41

Which factor is a strong determinant of the microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract?

A)gender
B)diet
C)age
D)hormones

Question 42

Physical activity typically accounts for what percentage of total energy expenditure?

A)10-20%
B)15-30%
C)20-35%
D)25-35%

Question 43

Five sites commonly used for measuring skin fold thickness are the triceps,subscapula,suprailiac,abdomen,and thigh.

Question 44

When an individual is in positive energy balance over time,excess energy will be stored as glycogen in muscle and liver tissue.

Question 45

Bioelectrical methods of determining the two-compartment model are based on ____.

A)capacitance
B)resistance
C)voltage
D)impedance

Question 46

Lean body mass has a higher metabolic activity than adipose tissue.

Question 47

Historically,the gross anatomy and chemical composition of the human body were determined using ____.

A)athletes
B)premenopausal women
C)cadavers
D)postmenopausal women

Question 48

The main target of hormones that regulate hunger and satiety is the ____.

A)medulla oblongata
B)cerebellum
C)hypothalamus
D)thalamus

Question 49

The body's core temperature varies from about 98.2°F to 98.6°F.

Question 50

All individuals will experience a reduction in hunger if given leptin injections.

Question 51

Respectively,the reference man and reference woman have what total percentage of body fat?

A)27%, 15%
B)18%, 28%
C)15%, 27%
D)12%, 28%

Question 52

Receptors for which hormone are located in the hypothalamus,skeletal muscle,liver,and smooth muscle?

A)adiponectin
B)cholecystokinin
C)pancreatic polypeptide
D)GLP-1

Question 53

Leptin and one other hormone have similar effects on orexigenic and anorexigenic neurons.That hormone is ____.

A)ghrelin
B)adiponectin
C)peptide yy
D)insulin

Question 54

The density of body fat is about 0.9g/mL.

Question 55

Hormones that regulate appetite target the region of the hypothalamus known as the arcuate nucleus.

Question 56

A BMI in children between the 75th and 85th percentiles is considered overweight.

Question 57

A twofold increase in risk for CVD,myocardial infarction,stroke and CVD-related mortality is associated with ____.

A)hyperthyroidism
B)diabetes
C)metabolic syndrome
D)obesity

Question 58

The activity that requires the greater amount of energy expended is ____.

A)cross-country skiing at 8 mph
B)vigorous, full-court basketball
C)vigorous soccer
D)running at 9 mph

Question 59

Cold environments can increase BMR due to ____.

A)lowering metabolic rate
B)increasing the rate of digestion
C)shivering
D)reduction in sweating

Question 60

Because BMI has limitations,many health professionals also measure BMR.

Question 61

Define basal metabolic rate and delineate the percentage of energy used at rest by the liver,brain,kidneys,heart and skeletal muscle.

Question 62

Peptide YY is the only known orexigenic hormone.

Question 63

 ​Match each clinically useful method or index with the trait that it estimates.
a.resting metabolic rate in kcal/day
b.appropriateness of an individual's weight for height
c.ideal body weight for height
d.improves the accuracy of RMR measurements in people with excess body fat
e.appropriate body weight target when reducing body fat to a lower level
desirable body weight calculation

Question 64

 ​Match each clinically useful method or index with the trait that it estimates.
a.resting metabolic rate in kcal/day
b.appropriateness of an individual's weight for height
c.ideal body weight for height
d.improves the accuracy of RMR measurements in people with excess body fat
e.appropriate body weight target when reducing body fat to a lower level
Mifflin-St.Jeor Equations

Question 65

Experts agree that moderate weight loss (5-10 kg)consisting of both fat mass and fat-free mass can be achieved by calorie restriction alone.

Question 66

 ​Match each clinically useful method or index with the trait that it estimates.
a.resting metabolic rate in kcal/day
b.appropriateness of an individual's weight for height
c.ideal body weight for height
d.improves the accuracy of RMR measurements in people with excess body fat
e.appropriate body weight target when reducing body fat to a lower level
Harris-Benedict equation

Question 67

Obesogens stimulate body fat accumulation by binding to hormone receptors and either stimulating or inhibiting the signaling pathway.

Question 68

 ​Match each clinically useful method or index with the trait that it estimates.
a.resting metabolic rate in kcal/day
b.appropriateness of an individual's weight for height
c.ideal body weight for height
d.improves the accuracy of RMR measurements in people with excess body fat
e.appropriate body weight target when reducing body fat to a lower level
IBW

Question 69

Match each clinically useful method or index with the formula for its calculation.
a.66.5 + (13.7 weight in kg)+ (5.0 height in cm)- (6.8 age in years)
b.weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
c.48.1 kg + 2.7 kg/in > 5 ft
d.(99.9 × W)+ (6.25 × H)- (4.92 × A)+ 5
e.created by the life insurance industry
Harris-Benedict equation

Question 70

Match each clinically useful method or index with the formula for its calculation.
a.66.5 + (13.7 weight in kg)+ (5.0 height in cm)- (6.8 age in years)
b.weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
c.48.1 kg + 2.7 kg/in > 5 ft
d.(99.9 × W)+ (6.25 × H)- (4.92 × A)+ 5
e.created by the life insurance industry
desirable body weight calculation

Question 71

Delineate the six levels of disease risk relative to normal BMI and waist circumference in both males and females.

Question 72

Adiponectin levels decrease with decreased fat mass and increase with increased fat mass.

Question 73

Match each clinically useful method or index with the formula for its calculation.
a.66.5 + (13.7 weight in kg)+ (5.0 height in cm)- (6.8 age in years)
b.weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
c.48.1 kg + 2.7 kg/in > 5 ft
d.(99.9 × W)+ (6.25 × H)- (4.92 × A)+ 5
e.created by the life insurance industry
BMI

Question 74

Match each clinically useful method or index with the formula for its calculation.
a.66.5 + (13.7 weight in kg)+ (5.0 height in cm)- (6.8 age in years)
b.weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
c.48.1 kg + 2.7 kg/in > 5 ft
d.(99.9 × W)+ (6.25 × H)- (4.92 × A)+ 5
e.created by the life insurance industry
Mifflin-St.Jeor Equations

Question 75

Explain the difference between direct calorimetry and indirect calorimetry.

Question 76

Match each clinically useful method or index with the formula for its calculation.
a.66.5 + (13.7 weight in kg)+ (5.0 height in cm)- (6.8 age in years)
b.weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
c.48.1 kg + 2.7 kg/in > 5 ft
d.(99.9 × W)+ (6.25 × H)- (4.92 × A)+ 5
e.created by the life insurance industry
IBW

Question 77

Leptin decreases the urge to eat and increases physical activity to produce a negative energy balance.

Question 78

Type 2 diabetes is associated with very low or absent insulin.

Question 79

Explain the principles underlying the use of doubly labeled water to assess total energy expenditure.Include a discussion of the main source of error.

Question 80

 ​Match each clinically useful method or index with the trait that it estimates.
a.resting metabolic rate in kcal/day
b.appropriateness of an individual's weight for height
c.ideal body weight for height
d.improves the accuracy of RMR measurements in people with excess body fat
e.appropriate body weight target when reducing body fat to a lower level
BMI