Deck 1: Introduction to Criminal Behavior

Question 1

Sociological criminology would be LEAST concerned with which of the following?

A) Personality characteristics of rapists
B) Age characteristics of murderers
C) Gender of victims of aggravated assault
D) Relationship of victim to offender

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The end result of a theory that is not verified is

A) justification.
B) falsification.
C) clarification.
D) subjugation.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which piece of data would be included in the UCR?

A) A reported robbery with no arrest
B) A reported forgery with no arrest
C) A reported simple assault with no arrest
D) A reported statutory rape with no arrest

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which statement reflects the basic premise of strain theory?

A) Crime occurs when there is a discrepancy between the materialistic values and goals cherished in our society and the availability of legitimate means for reaching these goals.
B) Crime occurs when a society's values are too materialistic.
C) Crime occurs when society places too much value and emphasis on doing the right thing for the highest number of individuals.
D) Crime occurs when one's of stress outweighs one's coping mechanisms.

Question 5

Which term is central to the psychodynamic approach?

A) Motive
B) Personality
C) Trait
D) Heredity

Question 6

Psychological criminology recently shifted its focus to a more ________ and ________ approach to the study of criminal behavior.

A) forensic; scientific
B) trait-focused; instrumental
C) personality; biological
D) cognitive; developmental

Question 7

According to the authors,our inability to prevent crime is largely due to the

A) declining interest in the field of criminology.
B) lack of available research funding.
C) complexity of the issue.
D) difficulty in defining relevant terms.

Question 8

Sigmund Freud is most associated with which one of the following fields?

A) Traditional psychiatric criminology
B) Sociological criminology
C) Psychological criminology
D) Contemporary psychiatric criminology

Question 9

Dr.Brown is a developmental criminologist.Dr.Brown's research most likely examines

A) demographic features of offenders who participate in burglary.
B) how violent individuals learn their aggressive behavior.
C) the unequal power distribution among members of society.
D) when robberies most frequently occur.

Question 10

All of the following are consistent with the developmental approach to the study of crime except

A) examining factors that place a child at risk of engaging in serious delinquency.
B) identifying the age of onset of antisocial behavior.
C) searching for protective factors in a child's life.
D) obtaining a child's IQ score as he or she enters adolescence.

Question 11

According to the UCR,all of the following offenses are considered violent crimes except

A) forcible rape.
B) arson.
C) nonnegligent manslaughter.
D) robbery.

Question 12

After hearing that her neighbors' home was burglarized,Dee told her co-worker that her neighbors were asking for the burglary because they never locked their doors and didn't have a security system.Dee's statements reflect the

A) fairness doctrine.
B) self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) cognition distortion.
D) just-world hypothesis.

Question 13

Which psychologist would most likely have prescription privileges?

A) A psychologist working on a college campus in New York
B) A psychologist working in mental health hospital in Virginia
C) A psychologist working in a prison in California
D) A psychologist working on a military base in Florida

Question 14

Criminal behavior is best defined as

A) antisocial behavior.
B) deviant behavior.
C) an intentional act in violation of a criminal code.
D) a failure to impede the criminal process.

Question 15

Three disciplines that have traditionally dominated the study of crime are

A) sociology, psychology and psychiatry.
B) psychology, sociology and anthropology.
C) psychology, anthropology and economics.
D) psychology, anthropology and medicine.

Question 16

Social control theory is an example of

A) the conformity perspective.
B) the confirmation perspective.
C) Merton's strain perspective.
D) the nonconformist perspective.

Question 17

Which perspective on crime is most closely linked with the humanistic perspective?

A) Conformity
B) Strain
C) Learning
D) Determinism

Question 18

Positivist theory is to ________ as classical theory is to ________.

A) determinism; free will
B) jurisprudence; behavior
C) cognitions; biology
D) predictability; social norms

Question 19

The biological approach to criminal behavior often focuses on

A) cognitions.
B) pathways.
C) aggression.
D) traits.

Question 20

Sara is a 23-year-old,single,college graduate who has just moved into her first apartment.She is working as a barista at the local coffee house while she considers her career options.Which term best describes Sara's current life stage?

A) Adolescent-limited
B) Emerging adulthood
C) Life-course persistent
D) Social control

Question 21

ADAM,Monitoring the Future,and NSDUH are all examples of surveys that collect data on

A) drug use.
B) hate crime.
C) sex offending.
D) status offenses.

Question 22

Historically,most self-report investigations focused on

A) adult offending.
B) delinquency.
C) sexual assault.
D) homicide.

Question 23

The legacy definition of rape included rape of males and females.

Question 24

In general,individuals sentenced to prison accurately represent the "true" criminal population.

Question 25

Behaviors that are forbidden only to juveniles because of their age are known as

A) public order violations.
B) Part I crimes.
C) status offenses.
D) juvenile delinquency.

Question 26

Most antisocial behaviors go undetected by law enforcement.

Question 27

Which statement is most accurate about official crime statistics?

A) They overestimate the number of sexual offenses but underestimate property offenses.
B) They overestimate juvenile crime but underestimate adult crime.
C) They typically overestimate the true incidence of crime.
D) They typically underestimate the true incidence of crime.

Question 28

When one person is arrested for a crime,charged with the offense and remanded to the court for prosecution,the offense is considered to be

A) remanded by exceptional means.
B) cleared by arrest.
C) adjudicated as detected.
D) mandated in hierarchy.

Question 29

Which crime is the exception to the hierarchy rule?

A) Rape
B) Homicide
C) Arson
D) Robbery

Question 30

Which statement is true about self-report studies of criminal behavior?

A) They have been found to be more accurate with female subjects.
B) They are based on data provided by law enforcement.
C) They attempt to measure only prior involvement in felonies.
D) They suggest that crime is committed by all socioeconomic classes.

Question 31

Free will is the hallmark of classical theory.

Question 32

The UCR's four violent crimes are

A) burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
B) murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.
C) homicide, sex offenses, arson, and robbery.
D) aggravated assault, homicide, larceny-theft, and vandalism.

Question 33

According to crime experts,the dark figure represents the most violent crimes.

Question 34

The text primarily focuses on mentally disordered offenders.

Question 35

The great majority of crime in the United States and other countries is neither serious nor violent.

Question 36

Compared to the UCR,the NIBRS

A) provides information on international crime.
B) includes demographic data about the arresting officer.
C) provides more detailed information about a criminal event.
D) includes conviction data as well as arrest data.

Question 37

The most cited source of U.S.crime statistics is the Uniform Crime Reporting Program.

Question 38

Criminology is the psychological study of crime.

Question 39

All of the following information is found in the Uniform Crime Reports except

A) crime rates.
B) homicide rates.
C) clearance rates.
D) conviction rates.

Question 40

There is no all-encompassing psychological explanation for crime.

Question 41

The modern form of classical theory is ________ theory.

Question 42

2013 UCR data indicate that the most frequently occurring Part I crime was murder.

Question 43

Belief in a(n)________ just-world is associated with less compassion for others and a derogation of victims of crime.

Question 44

Reported studies of self-reported criminal activity are conducted primarily with adults who are incarcerated.

Question 45

Theories of crime can be divided into classical and ________ schools.

Question 46

Research conducted by ________ criminologists has allowed us to conclude that juveniles as a group are over-represented in nonviolent property offenses.

Question 47

Antisocial behavior is synonymous with criminal behavior.

Question 48

The UCR's definition of rape has recently been broadened to include ________ as victims.

Question 49

The main source of victimization data on crime is the ________.

Question 50

According to the developmental approach,poor nutrition and early school failure are ________ factors for antisocial behavior.

Question 51

With the exception of substance abuse,studies of self-reported criminal activity are conducted primarily with adults who are ________.

Question 52

NCVS data consistently show that males are most likely to be victimized by ________.

Question 53

The terms emerging adulthood and pathways are associated with the ________ focus on criminology.

Question 54

The only major data source permitting a comparison of national data broken down by age,sex,race,and offense is the ________.

Question 55

The focus of the textbook is the repetitive and ________ offender.

Question 56

Strain theory originated in the work of sociologist ________.

Question 57

Child abuse is an example of a status offense.

Question 58

Like adult crime,juvenile crime overall has increased since the 1990s.

Question 59

Truancy and running away are examples of ________ offenses.

Question 60

How individual criminal activity is acquired,evoked,maintained,and modified is a focus of ________ criminology.

Question 61

How does Robert Merton's Strain Theory explain crimes of the rich and powerful?

Question 62

Compare and contrast the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports and the National Crime Victimization Survey,focusing on: a.how the data are obtained and b.what type of information is available from each.

Question 63

How does the legal definition of crime limit our understanding of criminal behavior? What role does culture play in one's definition of crime?

Question 64

Explain the developmental approach to explaining delinquency and criminal behavior.

Question 65

Describe how the hierarchy rule is relevant to the dark figure of crime.Provide an example of the hierarchy rule and discuss how your example would impact official crime data.