Deck 5: Human Aggression and Violence

Question 1

Malicious gossip is an example of what type of human aggression?

A) Direct active verbal
B) Indirect active verbal
C) Direct passive verbal
D) Indirect passive verbal

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to Loeber and Stouthamer-Loeber,overt and covert acts of aggression are in different in all of the following ways except

A) innate degree.
B) behavior patterns.
C) emotions.
D) development.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The psychodynamic approach to the treatment of aggressive behavior would most likely emphasize

A) appropriate modeling.
B) reinforcement.
C) reduction of aggressive energy through supervised aggressive behavior.
D) avoidance of aggressive-provoking stimuli.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following behaviors represents an example of passive-aggressive behavior?

A) Slapping someone
B) Refusing to speak to someone
C) Shouting at someone
D) Shooting someone

Question 5

Freud believed the causes of aggression to be

A) instinctive.
B) learned.
C) an interaction between biological and environmental factors.
D) biochemical.

Question 6

The social learning approach to the reduction of aggressive behavior would most likely emphasize

A) appropriate modeling.
B) biological development.
C) innate drives.
D) cognitive processes.

Question 7

The frustration-aggression hypothesis was first proposed by

A) Berkowitz and Simpson.
B) the Dollard group.
C) Albert Bandura.
D) Konrad Lorenz.

Question 8

The tendency of a variety of people across the country to model or copy particular criminal activity portrayed by the entertainment media is called

A) contagion effect.
B) copy-cat syndrome.
C) escalation.
D) circular imagining.

Question 9

If you were a TV producer and wanted an argument to support your position of the value of violence on television,you would probably rely on which of the following theoretical positions?

A) Psychoanalytic
B) Social learning
C) Frustration-aggression
D) Behaviorism

Question 10

Cognitive scripts are ________ behavioral patterns for certain situations that are ________ to change.

A) available; relatively easy
B) persistent; resistant
C) innate; impossible
D) aggressive; relatively easy

Question 11

How does I3 Theory differ from GAM theory?

A) It incorporates social and cognitive processes.
B) It disregards risk factors.
C) It incorporates recent research on self-regulation.
D) It disregards social learning theory.

Question 12

During early stages of frustration or general arousal,cognitive processes appear to have little influence beyond the immediate appraisal that the situation is aversive.This description outlines a stage of what model of aggression and violence?

A) The cognitive expectancy model
B) The neo-frustration-aggression model
C) The cognitive neoassociation model
D) The weapons effect model

Question 13

Which of the following crimes is associated with instrumental aggression?

A) Larceny
B) Manslaughter
C) Rape
D) Vandalism

Question 14

All of the following offenses are considered violent except

A) cyberstalking.
B) murder.
C) rape.
D) robbery.

Question 15

The tendency to perceive hostile intent in others even when it is totally lacking is called

A) hostile preference.
B) Meckel's syndrome.
C) hostile attribution bias.
D) inductive bias.

Question 16

Konrad Lorenz believed that a principle purpose of aggression in animals is to

A) keep the species population down to a survival .
B) kill other species.
C) defend and protect "staked out" territory.
D) demonstrate which species is the most powerful and controlling.

Question 17

The type of aggression that includes anger expressions,temper tantrums,and vengeful hostility,and more generally "hot-blooded" aggressive acts is called

A) proactive aggression.
B) mediated aggression.
C) aggressive mimicry.
D) reactive aggression.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of the GAM?

A) It is based on "Stand Your Ground" laws.
B) It draws heavily on social-cognitive and social learning theories the reinforcement gained as a result of the behavior.
C) It posits that violence occurs solely because of basic cognitive processes.
D) It was developed from research on road rage.

Question 19

In hostile aggression,the perpetrator's primary goal is to

A) ridicule the victim.
B) kill the victim.
C) make the victim suffer.
D) obtain an item of value.

Question 20

Most forms of white collar crime would fall into which of the following categories of aggressive behavior?

A) Instrumental
B) Hostile
C) Passive-aggressive
D) Functional

Question 21

What do Edinboro,Pennsylvania,Fayetteville,Tennessee,and Jonesboro,Arkansas have in common?

A) They are all locations of school-shooter copycats.
B) They are all locations of road range incidents.
C) They are all locations of terror attacks.
D) They are all locations of media-induced violent attacks.

Question 22

An approach in psychology that views human cognition and behavior in a broadly Darwinian context of adaptation to evolving physical and social environments is called

A) Darwinian psychology.
B) adaptation psychology.
C) positive psychology.
D) evolutionary psychology.

Question 23

Instigating triggers,impelling forces,and inhibiting forces are the three categories of

A) overt aggression.
B) GAM theory.
C) covert aggression.
D) I3 theory.

Question 24

Bullying is an example of reactive aggression.

Question 25

Which statement most accurately reflects research findings on gender differences in aggression?

A) Boys are more overtly aggressive than girls during the pre-school years, then aggression rapidly decreases.
B) Gender differences in aggression are primarily due to biology.
C) Gender differences are due to cultural and socialization processes that promote different kinds of aggression.
D) Girls are more aggressive than boys during the pre-school years only.

Question 26

After getting into a physical altercation with a co-worker at his job site,George tailgates two cars on the drive home and throws a cell phone at his wife when he arrives home to find that dinner is not ready.The above scenario is an example of

A) excitation transfer theory.
B) weapons effect.
C) road rage.
D) rumination.

Question 27

All violent behavior is aggressive behavior.

Question 28

Territoriality is a central concept in Konrad Lorenz's theory of aggression.

Question 29

________ refers to self-focused attention toward one's thoughts and feelings.In other words,the person keeps thinking about an incident long after it is over.

A) Expressive aggression
B) Rumination
C) Nodal behavior
D) Antinodal behavior

Question 30

Which statement is not true of I3 theory?

A) It organizes aggression risk factors into three categories.
B) It emphasizes the concept of self-regulation.
C) It is an expansion of the hostile attribution model.
D) It provides a structure for understanding the process by which a factor promotes aggression.
E) It specifies different ways in which aggression risk factors produce violence.

Question 31

Children with a hostile attribution bias are less likely than average children to see aggressive actions from others where there are none.

Question 32

The tendency to attack space violators is referred to as

A) territoriality.
B) hydraulic model of aggression.
C) passive violence.
D) animality.

Question 33

Surveys estimate that the average American child sees approximately how many more than violent episodes on television before reaching adolescence?

A) 100
B) 1000
C) 10000
D) 100,000

Question 34

The research community is sharply divided on the long-term effects of violent media on aggressive behavior.

Question 35

According to Berkowitz,high s of arousal ________ aggressive behavior in certain situations.

A) completely dissipate
B) cause
C) slightly reduce
D) facilitate

Question 36

The copycat effect is similar to social learning.

Question 37

Aggressive behavior is always criminal.

Question 38

Aggression is a simple,direct way of solving immediate conflicts.

Question 39

Research studies have found that viewing violence and playing violent video games have the same detrimental effects on adults.

Question 40

Extremely high s of arousal seem to mitigate aggressive behavior in certain situations.

Question 41

Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

A) Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically (as opposed to socially) or to destroy an object
B) Unprovoked, goal-directed behavior driven by expectations of rewards
C) Destructive physical aggression intentionally directed at harming other persons or things
D) Aggression that occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions
E) A reaction to frustration associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal
F) The tendency to attack space violators
G) The presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses
H) The assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time
I) Posits that violence often occurs because of an escalation cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign
J) The tendency to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
Weapons effect

Question 42

Hostile attribution bias posits that youth and adults prone toward violence are more likely to interpret ________ actions as hostile and threatening than are their less aggressive counterparts.

Question 43

Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

A) Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically (as opposed to socially) or to destroy an object
B) Unprovoked, goal-directed behavior driven by expectations of rewards
C) Destructive physical aggression intentionally directed at harming other persons or things
D) Aggression that occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions
E) A reaction to frustration associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal
F) The tendency to attack space violators
G) The presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses
H) The assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time
I) Posits that violence often occurs because of an escalation cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign
J) The tendency to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
Territoriality

Question 44

Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

A) Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically (as opposed to socially) or to destroy an object
B) Unprovoked, goal-directed behavior driven by expectations of rewards
C) Destructive physical aggression intentionally directed at harming other persons or things
D) Aggression that occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions
E) A reaction to frustration associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal
F) The tendency to attack space violators
G) The presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses
H) The assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time
I) Posits that violence often occurs because of an escalation cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign
J) The tendency to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
Excitation transfer theory

Question 45

Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

A) Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically (as opposed to socially) or to destroy an object
B) Unprovoked, goal-directed behavior driven by expectations of rewards
C) Destructive physical aggression intentionally directed at harming other persons or things
D) Aggression that occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions
E) A reaction to frustration associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal
F) The tendency to attack space violators
G) The presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses
H) The assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time
I) Posits that violence often occurs because of an escalation cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign
J) The tendency to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
Aggression

Question 46

Excitation transfer theory is based on the assumption that physiological arousal ________ over time.

Question 47

The aggression debate is part of a wider controversy about the respective merits of ________ and nurture.

Question 48

Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

A) Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically (as opposed to socially) or to destroy an object
B) Unprovoked, goal-directed behavior driven by expectations of rewards
C) Destructive physical aggression intentionally directed at harming other persons or things
D) Aggression that occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions
E) A reaction to frustration associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal
F) The tendency to attack space violators
G) The presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses
H) The assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time
I) Posits that violence often occurs because of an escalation cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign
J) The tendency to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
General aggression model

Question 49

Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

A) Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically (as opposed to socially) or to destroy an object
B) Unprovoked, goal-directed behavior driven by expectations of rewards
C) Destructive physical aggression intentionally directed at harming other persons or things
D) Aggression that occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions
E) A reaction to frustration associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal
F) The tendency to attack space violators
G) The presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses
H) The assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time
I) Posits that violence often occurs because of an escalation cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign
J) The tendency to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
Violence

Question 50

Hostile and instrumental aggression are distinguished by the ________ they offer the perpetrator.

Question 51

Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

A) Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically (as opposed to socially) or to destroy an object
B) Unprovoked, goal-directed behavior driven by expectations of rewards
C) Destructive physical aggression intentionally directed at harming other persons or things
D) Aggression that occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions
E) A reaction to frustration associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal
F) The tendency to attack space violators
G) The presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses
H) The assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time
I) Posits that violence often occurs because of an escalation cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign
J) The tendency to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
Hostile aggression

Question 52

Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

A) Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically (as opposed to socially) or to destroy an object
B) Unprovoked, goal-directed behavior driven by expectations of rewards
C) Destructive physical aggression intentionally directed at harming other persons or things
D) Aggression that occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions
E) A reaction to frustration associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal
F) The tendency to attack space violators
G) The presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses
H) The assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time
I) Posits that violence often occurs because of an escalation cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign
J) The tendency to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
Reactive aggression

Question 53

According to Bandura's the mass media are examples of ________ models.

Question 54

The ethological perspective has evolved into what is referred to today as ________ psychology.

Question 55

Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

A) Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically (as opposed to socially) or to destroy an object
B) Unprovoked, goal-directed behavior driven by expectations of rewards
C) Destructive physical aggression intentionally directed at harming other persons or things
D) Aggression that occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions
E) A reaction to frustration associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal
F) The tendency to attack space violators
G) The presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses
H) The assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time
I) Posits that violence often occurs because of an escalation cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign
J) The tendency to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
Proactive aggression

Question 56

The notion that the presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses is known as the ________ effect.

Question 57

The revised frustration-aggression hypothesis was proposed by ________.

Question 58

Researchers have found evidence that positive ________ models are likely to override violent models on television.

Question 59

GAM posits that violence often occurs because of a(n)________ cycle,which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign.

Question 60

Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.

A) Behavior perpetrated or attempted with the intention of harming one or more individuals physically or psychologically (as opposed to socially) or to destroy an object
B) Unprovoked, goal-directed behavior driven by expectations of rewards
C) Destructive physical aggression intentionally directed at harming other persons or things
D) Aggression that occurs in response to anger-inducing conditions
E) A reaction to frustration associated with a lack of control due to high states of arousal
F) The tendency to attack space violators
G) The presence of aggressive stimuli in the external environment increases the probability of aggressive responses
H) The assumption that physiological arousal, however produced, dissipates slowly over time
I) Posits that violence often occurs because of an escalation cycle, which begins with an initial triggering event that may be serious or relatively benign
J) The tendency to model or copy an activity portrayed in the entertainment or news media
Contagion effect

Question 61

Compare and contrast a)overt and covert acts of aggression; b)reactive and proactive aggression.

Question 62

Why is it pessimistic to view violence and aggression as a genetically programmed aspect of human nature? Explain the sentence: Aggression is a simple,direct method of solving immediate conflicts.

Question 63

Discuss the various theoretical perspectives on aggression,including the research in support of or refuting these perspectives.

Question 64

What does the current research suggest about the effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior?

Question 65

Choose three concepts in the chapter and one newsworthy case.Define the concepts and use the concepts to explain the case.