Deck 11: Substance-related And Impulse-control Disorders

Question 1

A person who is physiologically dependent on a drug will experience

A) tolerance to the effects of the drug.
B) withdrawal symptoms if the drug is withdrawn.
C) both tolerance and withdrawal.
D) neither tolerance nor withdrawal.

Answer 1

both tolerance and withdrawal.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of alcohol's effects on brain functioning?

A) Faster reaction time
B) Improved judgment
C) Impaired motor coordination
D) Clear speech

Answer 2

Impaired motor coordination

Question 3

Tirkel steals money from his mother's handbag every time he needs to buy drugs.His substance dependence is manifested by

A) withdrawal symptoms.
B) drug-seeking behavior.
C) continuing tolerance.
D) psychological addiction.

Answer 3

drug-seeking behavior.

Question 4

Alcohol can initially appear to cause stimulation because it

A) makes vision and hearing more acute.
B) has an excitatory affect on the brain.
C) has an inhibitory affect on the brain.
D) alters motor coordination.

Question 5

All of the following analgesic substances are classified as opiates EXCEPT ________.

A) cocaine
B) codeine
C) heroin
D) morphine

Question 6

Angelina has had difficulty falling asleep for some time.She started taking a prescribed sleeping pill every night for her insomnia.Now,she needs the pill to fall asleep.Without it,she will toss and turn all night,getting little sleep.Angelina is

A) dependent and drug abusive.
B) dependent and not drug abusive.
C) dependent but not physiologically addicted.
D) dependent and tolerant.

Question 7

In terms of substance-related disorders,the word "addiction" is most closely associated with ________.

A) substance use
B) intoxication
C) substance dependence
D) polysubstance abuse

Question 8

The American Psychiatric Association defines substance abuse in terms of

A) how drunk or intoxicated a person gets after ingesting a psychoactive substance.
B) whether or not the substance interferes with the person's life.
C) the type and intensity of the substance abuser's biological reaction.
D) which drug is used and whether it is legal or illegal.

Question 9

Nicolai has been an alcoholic for many years.He has also experienced major depression and manic episodes.According to Compton et al.(2003),about ________ of alcoholics also have an additional psychiatric disorder.

A) 15%
B) 45%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 10

Substance intoxication includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) the specific drug that is used.
B) how much of a drug is used or ingested.
C) the drug user's individual biological reaction.
D) physiological dependence on the drug.

Question 11

Alcoholism and substance abuse,previously considered a ________________,is now conceptualized by many as a disease.

A) sociopathic personality disturbance
B) schizophrenic-like behavioral pattern
C) type of dependent personality disorder
D) hysterical conversion syndrome

Question 12

Although most psychoactive substances interact with specific substances in brain cells,the effects of ___________ are much more complex because several different neurotransmitter systems are affected.

A) opiates
B) tranquilizers
C) alcohol
D) marijuana

Question 13

Experts in the field of substance abuse were asked about the relative addictiveness of various drugs.At the top of the list,as most addictive,was ____________.

A) crack cocaine
B) heroin
C) nicotine
D) methamphetamine

Question 14

Which of the following would NOT be an example of substance use?

A) Smoking a cigarette
B) Drinking a cup of coffee
C) Taking a sleeping pill
D) Getting drunk

Question 15

A perspective of substance dependence that involves "drug-seeking behaviors" includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) repeated use of the drug.
B) a desperate need to ingest more of the drug.
C) resuming drug use after a period of abstinence.
D) physical symptoms when the drug is no longer used.

Question 16

Both morphine and codeine are analgesics,which means that they

A) activate the central nervous system.
B) relieve pain and produce euphoria.
C) increase alertness.
D) cause delusions and dissociative experiences.

Question 17

The condition called delirium tremens,also known as the "DTs," involves hallucinations and body tremors during withdrawal from ____________.

A) heroin
B) cocaine
C) alcohol
D) marijuana

Question 18

Cameron has a cup of coffee every morning,smokes 10 cigarettes a day,and has a beer with dinner.This is an example of

A) substance use.
B) substance abuse.
C) polysubstance abuse.
D) substance intoxication.

Question 19

Alcohol and the drugs Seconal,Halcion,and Valium are all classified as ________.

A) stimulants
B) opiates
C) depressants
D) narcotics

Question 20

Carol has been addicted to narcotics for many years.Recently,she has been trying to quit and has not used any drugs for the last week.We can expect that Carol will be experiencing _________.

A) fever and chills
B) nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
C) aches and pains
D) all of these

Question 21

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)is a combination of problems that can occur in a child whose mother drank alcohol while pregnant.Symptoms of FAS include all of the following EXCEPT

A) cognitive deficits and behavior problems.
B) distorted facial features.
C) learning difficulties.
D) excessive fetal growth.

Question 22

A report from the Substance Abuse and Health Services Administration (2003)indicates that about _________ of Americans reported binge drinking in the month preceding the report.

A) 2%
B) 23%
C) 51%
D) 65%

Question 23

A research study of 6,000 lifetime drinkers (DeWitt et al.,2000)found that drinking at an early age (ages 11-14)

A) was predictive of later alcohol use disorders.
B) had no relationship to alcohol use later in life.
C) caused more frequent blackouts than drinking at later ages.
D) resulted in more severe withdrawal symptoms than drinking at later ages.

Question 24

In some individuals,chronic alcohol use causes physical damage to the body.Whether this occurs depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT

A) blood alcohol levels during drinking periods.
B) type of alcohol consumed (e.g., beer, wine, liquor).
C) genetic vulnerability.
D) how frequently drinking binges occur, how long they last, and how much time elapses between binges.

Question 25

The prevailing view that alcohol abuse usually follows a predictable downward spiral was based on Jellinek's mid 20ᵗʰ century survey of Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA )members that asked them how alcohol had affected them physically and psychologically.Data from this survey are now considered inaccurate because

A) respondents faked their answers to the questions on the survey.
B) too few AA members answered the survey questions.
C) since the survey was only sent to older members of AA, information on the progression of alcohol use was not available.
D) Jellinek himself became an alcoholic and never finished the research.

Question 26

In 2003,researchers at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration estimated that about _______ Americans are probably dependent on alcohol.

A) 1.5 million
B) 10 million
C) 15 million
D) 25 million

Question 27

All of the following occur in people who are alcohol dependent for even short periods of time EXCEPT _____.

A) blackouts and/or seizures
B) hallucinations
C) memory loss
D) dementia

Question 28

Blackouts appear to be related to the interaction of alcohol with the ______system.

A) glutamate
B) serotonin
C) GABA
D) dopamine

Question 29

Because of its impact on GABA receptors,alcohol ______ neuronal communication.

A) inhibits
B) facilitates
C) randomizes
D) eliminates

Question 30

Differences in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)rates among women who drink may be due to _______differences.

A) cultural
B) cognitive
C) metabolic
D) emotional

Question 31

The correct pairing of the names,causes,and symptoms of two types of organic brain syndromes that may result from chronic,long-term alcohol abuse are

A) dementia - loss of intellectual abilities caused by a deficiency of the vitamin called thiamine.
B) Wernicke's disease - confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech caused by a deficiency of the vitamin called thiamine.
C) dementia - confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech caused by the toxic effects of alcohol on the brain.
D) Wernicke's disease - loss of intellectual abilities caused by the toxic effects of alcohol on the brain.

Question 32

According to Jellinek's model (no longer considered accurate but still of scientific interest),an individual with alcoholism progresses through four stages.Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes the characteristic behaviors associated with each of Jellinek's stages?

A) Prealcoholic stage - hangovers, DWI or DUI charges, blackouts
B) Prodromal stage - drinking heavily but few outward signs of problems
C) Chronic stage - loss of control accompanied by occasional binges
D) Crucial stage - primary activities focused on getting and drinking alcohol

Question 33

Which of the following does NOT describe the specific effect of alcohol on a particular neurotransmitter system?

A) Serotonin - alcoholic cravings
B) Glutamate - alcoholic blackouts
C) Dopamine - slurred speech
D) GABA - anti-anxiety effect

Question 34

Research that asks individuals to indicate alcohol use during the previous one-month period has found that alcohol use is highest among ______________.

A) Hispanics
B) Asian Americans
C) Caucasian Americans
D) people with multiracial backgrounds

Question 35

What explains the apparent stimulation,feeling of well-being,and outgoing behavior that occur as the initial effects of alcohol ingestion?

A) Depression of the inhibitory centers in the brain
B) Activation of the inhibitory centers in the brain
C) Depression of the autonomic nervous system
D) Stimulation of the autonomic nervous system

Question 36

Which of the following is an accurate statement about alcoholism?

A) A progressive pattern leading to alcoholism is inevitable for those who drink alcohol.
B) The factors that determine a drinker's susceptibility to alcoholism are not yet known.
C) Alcohol use and aggressive behavior are negatively correlated.
D) Use of alcohol by preteens and young teenagers does not predict later abuse.

Question 37

In a large survey among college-age men and women,it was found that

A) about 75% of the respondents had gone on a binge of heavy drinking once in the preceding two weeks.
B) there was no relationship between frequency of drinking and grades.
C) students with a grade-point average of "A" had no more than one drink per week.
D) "D" and "F" students averaged 11 alcoholic drinks per week.

Question 38

All of the following are symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol EXCEPT ___________.

A) nausea and/or vomiting
B) hypersomnia
C) hallucinations
D) delirium tremens

Question 39

Annabelle has been a heavy drinker for years.Her behavior reflects confusion,loss of muscle coordination and unintelligible speech.Such behavior is probably the result of _______.

A) dementia
B) substance abuse psychotic disorder
C) fetal alcohol syndrome
D) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 40

Which of the following is an accurate statement about alcohol use?

A) Education is negatively correlated with recent alcohol use.
B) Half of all Americans over the age of 12 report being current drinkers of alcohol.
C) Female college students were more likely than male college students to report several episodes of binge drinking in a two-week period.
D) Alcohol use in the elderly population is typically high.

Question 41

You have just heard about a situation in which someone who was drunk vandalized a building and assaulted a security guard.From your knowledge of abnormal psychology,you are aware that although alcohol does not cause aggressive behavior,it may

A) stimulate the inhibitory center of the brain, causing aggressive behavior.
B) activate the aggressive genes in the person's DNA.
C) impair the ability to consider the consequences of acting impulsively.
D) increase the anxiety associated with being punished for one's actions.

Question 42

The most commonly consumed of all the psychoactive drugs are the stimulants,which include all of the following EXCEPT _____________.

A) caffeine
B) cocaine
C) nicotine
D) mescaline

Question 43

Although alcohol use and aggression are positively correlated,the factors that actually determine aggressive behavior involve all of the following EXCEPT

A) quantity and timing of alcohol consumed.
B) the person's previous history of violence.
C) the expectations about drinking.
D) the person's level of intelligence.

Question 44

Which of the following terms is the definition of sedative?

A) Sleep-inducing
B) Anxiety-reducing
C) Anti-seizure
D) Calming

Question 45

Until 1903,Coca-Cola contained which of the following?

A) Cocaine
B) Heroin
C) Caffeine
D) Chocolate

Question 46

Which of the following is an accurate statement about amphetamines and/or amphetamine use disorders?

A) Amphetamines cause a period of depression and fatigue (called "crashing"), which is followed by feelings of elation and euphoria.
B) Amphetamines cause an increase in appetite and a decrease in fatigue.
C) Amphetamines decrease the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the nervous system.
D) Amphetamine overdose can cause hallucinations, panic, agitation, and paranoid delusions.

Question 47

Which of the following terms is the definition of anxioltytic?

A) Sleep-inducing
B) Anxiety-reducing
C) Anti-seizure
D) Anxiety-increasing

Question 48

Minerva was extremely anxious and worried about everything.She thought that something terrible would happen and worried what people thought about her.Her doctor most likely prescribed ___________ to help her.

A) an opiate
B) a benzodiazepine
C) a sedative
D) an antidepressant

Question 49

"Crack babies," born to mothers who have used cocaine,often develop problems that are attributed not only to the effects of cocaine but also to

A) inadequate parenting.
B) mother's use of alcohol, nicotine, and/or other drugs.
C) disrupted home environments.
D) all of these

Question 50

Stimulation of the __________ neurons in the "pleasure pathway" (the site in the brain that seems to be involved in the experience of pleasure)probably causes the "high" associated with cocaine use.

A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) adrenaline
D) endorphin

Question 51

Your shy and introverted friend tells you that she has discovered a wonder drug that produces feelings of euphoria and is not addictive.When you realize that she is talking about cocaine,you inform her that

A) scientists agree that it is a wonder drug just as she describes.
B) in the early 20th century cocaine was an ingredient in Pepsi-Cola.
C) cocaine will make her more social and outgoing.
D) dependence on cocaine develops slowly over a period of years.

Question 52

Which of the following effects is associated with cocaine use?

A) Decreased alertness
B) Increased appetite
C) Decreased pulse and blood pressure
D) Rapid and irregular heartbeat

Question 53

Misuse of the benzodiazepine _________ has resulted in it being referred to as the "date rape drug."

A) Amytal
B) Halcion
C) Rohypnol
D) Ritalin

Question 54

Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as a benzodiazepine?

A) Halcion
B) Valium
C) Xanax
D) Seconal

Question 55

Alcohol is related to violence because it ___________.

A) increases impulsivity
B) increases rational thinking
C) causes aggression
D) decreases aggressive behavior

Question 56

Ecstasy or MDMA

A) increases appetite.
B) rarely causes Emergency Room visits.
C) is now used more than LSD.
D) acts like speed, but has major withdrawal symptoms.

Question 57

Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as a barbiturate?

A) Amytal
B) Seconal
C) Rohypnol
D) Nembutal

Question 58

Which of the following types of drugs typically is used in large amounts to commit suicide?

A) Benzodiazepines
B) Barbiturates
C) Stimulants
D) Hallucinogens

Question 59

Which of the following terms is the definition of anticonvulsant?

A) Sleep-inducing
B) Anxiety-reducing
C) Anti-seizure
D) Calming

Question 60

Which of the following terms is the definition of hypnotic?

A) Sleep-inducing
B) Anxiety-reducing
C) Anti-seizure
D) Calming

Question 61

Enkephalins and endorphins are natural opioids found in _______________.

A) the brain
B) the humoral system
C) DNA
D) poppy seeds

Question 62

Health-wise,marijuana

A) wards off nausea.
B) eases glaucoma symptoms.
C) contains as many carcinogens as tobacco smoke.
D) all of these

Question 63

Among the so-called recreational or illicit "designer drugs" is a dissociative anesthetic that produces a sense of detachment along with a reduced awareness of pain.It is called ______.

A) Ecstasy (MDMA)
B) "K" or "Special K"
C) Eve
D) Nexus

Question 64

Use of the testosterone-derived anabolic-androgenic steroids differs from other illicit drug use because

A) the "high" produced from steroid use is more intense than that experienced with other drugs.
B) steroids are used to increase body mass and enhance performance.
C) more females than males use anabolic steroids.
D) steroids can be taken orally or by injection.

Question 65

The most common of the psychoactive substances,used by 90% of Americans,is __________.

A) nicotine
B) caffeine
C) marijuana
D) opium

Question 66

Legally available narcotic medications,including morphine and codeine,are used primarily as _________.

A) antagonists
B) analgesics
C) antibiotics
D) antidotes

Question 67

Which of the following hallucinogenic substances is processed synthetically?

A) Marijuana
B) LSD
C) Psilocybin
D) Mescaline

Question 68

Which of the following is an accurate statement about opiate (narcotic)addiction?

A) Discontinuing narcotic use brings on withdrawal symptoms in 1-2 hours.
B) Since opiates (narcotics) are usually injected, users are at increased risk for HIV/AIDS.
C) The withdrawal process for narcotic addiction takes about 1 to 3 weeks.
D) Most addicts die before the age of 50 from a drug overdose.

Question 69

Which of the following statements is TRUE about hallucinogens?

A) LSD is chemically similar to serotonin.
B) Mescaline is chemically similar to norepinephrine.
C) A number of hallucinogens are chemically similar to acetylcholine.
D) All of these

Question 70

Which of the following are examples of opioids?

A) Chemicals in the poppy
B) Hydrocodone
C) Enkephalins
D) all of the above

Question 71

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning marijuana use and abuse?

A) Paranoia and hallucinations can occur.
B) Tolerance develops rapidly.
C) Psychological dependence can occur with even occasional use.
D) Marijuana is free of carcinogens.

Question 72

Even after Timon read "Psychedelics for Dummies," he was unable to produce LSD in the lab.He decided he would have to find a hallucinogen naturally.Therefore,he should look for which naturally occurring hallucinogen?

A) Peyote
B) Psilocybe mushroom
C) Seeds of the morning glory plant
D) All of these

Question 73

Marijuana use often results in ______________.

A) mood swings
B) blunted sensory experience
C) an accurate sense of time
D) enhanced nausea

Question 74

Nikki has decided to stop smoking (again).She can expect to experience which of the following withdrawal symptoms?

A) Elevated mood
B) Decreased appetite
C) Weight loss
D) Irritability

Question 75

Substances that distort sensory experiences,feelings,and perceptions are known as ________.

A) opiates
B) hallucinogens
C) "roofies"
D) "bennies"

Question 76

All of the following are informative and accurate statements about inhalants EXCEPT

A) inhalant use is most commonly observed among college students.
B) symptoms of inhalant use include slurred speech, dizziness, and euphoria.
C) long-term inhalant use can damage bone marrow, the kidneys, the liver, and the brain.
D) use of inhalants can cause users to be antisocial and aggressive.

Question 77

The common factor among psychoactive drugs may be

A) their ability to activate the "pleasure pathways" of the brain.
B) the ease of obtaining them and the relatively inexpensive cost.
C) the similar way in which they are metabolized in the body.
D) their identical effect on neurotransmitters at the synapse.

Question 78

The field of research that studies how genes work to affect addiction is called _______.

A) behavior genetics
B) the genome project
C) functional genomics
D) genetic cross-transformation

Question 79

A recent research study on alcoholism suggests that use of illegal drugs is influenced by environmental factors but abuse and dependence are more influenced by ______ factors.

A) genetic
B) psychological
C) non-biological
D) cultural

Question 80

Angus had been "hooked" for a while before he decided to "go clean." Within 6 to 12 hours,he started to experience excessive yawning,nausea and vomiting,chills,muscle aches,diarrhea,and insomnia.His behavior disrupted his work and social relationships.These symptoms persisted for three days.After a week,he felt better.Angus is probably withdrawing from __________.

A) alcohol
B) cocaine
C) heroin
D) LSD