Deck 17: The Evolution of Animals

Question 1

A(n)______ is an example of a mollusc that does not have a shell.

A) octopus
B) snail
C) squid
D) oyster

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Flatworms are similar to cnidarians in that both ______.

A) have pseudocoeloms
B) have true tissues
C) lack a gastrovascular cavity
D) exhibit bilateral symmetry

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A characteristic of arthropods that has allowed for their great success is the presence of ______.

A) bilateral symmetry
B) an endoskeleton
C) a brain
D) specialized segments

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The arthropod skeleton is composed of ______.

A) cellulose
B) peptidoglycan
C) chitin
D) glycogen

Question 5

______ are characterized by stinging cells used for defense and for capturing prey.

A) Annelids
B) Sponges
C) Cnidarians
D) Roundworms

Question 6

What name is given to the food-trapping cells of sponges?

A) phagocytes
B) amoebocytes
C) flame cells
D) choanocytes

Question 7

Humans are chordates.Which animal group is most closely related to chordates?

A) molluscs
B) echinoderms
C) annelids
D) arthropods

Question 8

The common ancestor of all animals is likely to have been a(n)______.

A) colonial, flagellated protist
B) colonial, ciliated protist
C) colonial, flagellated bacterium
D) sponge

Question 9

There are more species of ______ than of any other type of animal.

A) nematodes
B) molluscs
C) arthropods
D) chordates

Question 10

A true coelom is ______.

A) completely lined with tissue derived from endoderm
B) completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm
C) formed when a zygote develops into a blastula
D) completely lined with tissue derived from ectoderm

Question 11

What distinguishes animals from other eukaryotes?

A) They are multicellulars.
B) They ingest food.
C) They are heterotrophs.
D) They use photosynthesis.

Question 12

How do sponges differ from all other animals?

A) Sponges exhibit radial symmetry.
B) Sponges are autotrophs.
C) Sponges lack a true body cavity.
D) Sponges lack true tissues.

Question 13

______ are the most diverse group of arthropods.

A) Insects
B) Millipedes
C) Arachnids
D) Crustaceans

Question 14

Which animals have a cylindrical body that is tapered at both ends?

A) Platyhelminthes
B) Cnidarians
C) Annelids
D) Roundworms

Question 15

Nearly all ______ are aquatic.

A) crustaceans
B) arachnids
C) flatworms
D) roundworms

Question 16

What characteristic is unique to echinoderms?

A) a lack of segmentation
B) a water vascular system
C) suction-cup-like feet
D) larvae with bilateral symmetry

Question 17

The mobile stage of the cnidarian life cycle is the ______ stage.

A) instar
B) polyp
C) tadpole
D) medusa

Question 18

Unique features of vertebrates include the presence of a(n)______.

A) endoskeleton
B) notochord
C) skull and backbone
D) pharyngeal slit

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates?

A) They all have vertebral columns.
B) They all exhibit radial symmetry.
C) They all have a notochord sometime during the life cycle.
D) They all have an exoskeleton sometime during the life cycle.

Question 20

Which of these exhibits radial symmetry?

A) butterfly
B) spoon
C) Ferris wheel
D) shoe box

Question 21

What does the term tetrapod mean?

A) egg-laying
B) living on land
C) living a double life
D) having four feet

Question 22

A(n)______ is an example of a chordate that is not a vertebrate.

A) lancelet
B) echinoderm
C) bird
D) fish

Question 23

Which anthropoids are most closely related to humans?

A) orangutans
B) chimpanzees
C) gorillas
D) gibbons

Question 24

A characteristic that is shared by snakes and birds is ______.

A) being ectothermic
B) the presence of only a single ovary in females
C) the amniotic egg
D) being endothermic

Question 25

Rays are a type of ______.

A) tunicate
B) cartilaginous fish
C) jawless fish
D) bony fish

Question 26

Annelids are most closely related to ______.

A) chordates
B) arthropods
C) molluscs
D) echinoderms

Question 27

Almost every element of bird anatomy is modified for what?

A) laying eggs
B) eating seeds
C) enhancement of flight
D) singing unique songs

Question 28

How do New World monkeys differ from Old World monkeys?

A) New World monkeys have a prehensile tail.
B) New World monkeys have enhanced depth perception.
C) Old World monkeys are arboreal.
D) New World monkeys have nails; Old World monkeys have claws.

Question 29

______ are the mammalian group that lay eggs.

A) Eutherians
B) Tunicates
C) Monotremes
D) Marsupials

Question 30

Where did humans first appear?

A) South America
B) Africa
C) Asia
D) Europe

Question 31

Swim bladders ______.

A) contain the gills
B) are required for fish to exchange gases with the surrounding water
C) are present in both bony and cartilaginous fishes
D) help bony fish maintain buoyancy

Question 32

The first hominid to spread beyond Africa was ______.

A) "Lucy"
B) Australopithecus afarensis
C) Homo erectus
D) Homo neanderthalensis

Question 33

Among vertebrates,the unique feature of lampreys and hagfish is the ______.

A) presence of a cartilaginous skeleton
B) absence of a backbone
C) absence of jaws
D) absence of a post-anal tail

Question 34

Which group of fishes includes a lineage that migrated out of fresh water and adapted to life on land?

A) ray-finned fishes
B) jawless fishes
C) lobe-finned fishes
D) cartilaginous fishes

Question 35

Features unique to mammals include ______.

A) the presence of hair
B) extended parental care of the young
C) being endotherms
D) having no egg-laying members

Question 36

The platypus is a _______.

A) bird
B) marsupial
C) eutherian
D) monotreme

Question 37

Which of these human characteristics evolved first?

A) enlarged brain
B) erect posture
C) language
D) loss of body hair

Question 38

A feature that freed reptiles from dependence on water for reproduction is ______.

A) parental care of eggs
B) ectothermy
C) metamorphosis
D) the amniotic egg

Question 39

All chordates have ______.

A) a dorsal, hollow nerve cord and a notochord
B) a post-anal tail and a single opening for the mouth and anus
C) a cranium and vertebrae
D) pharyngeal slits and a cranium

Question 40

The lancelet is a(n)_____.

A) annelid
B) flatworm
C) chordate
D) tunicate

Question 41

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
Birds are a widespread group of animals, with approximately 10,000 different species found throughout the world today. Because they are relatively easy to find and so visually appealing, they have been studied more thoroughly than many other groups of animals. They are also valuable biological indicators, because many species live in different habitats during different times of the year and cover long migration routes. According to the World Conservation Union, extinction threatens over 1,200 bird species today and at least 179 are critically endangered. Some of the most endangered species include the Tahiti monarch, with only 10 pairs remaining, and the Bali starling, with only 12 wild individuals left. In Hawaii, the last captive po'ouli died in 2005 and the last two known to be alive in the wild have not been seen in many months. Common birds are also disappearing. In North America, red-winged blackbird populations declined by at least 1 percent each year between 1980 and 1999. These examples can serve as a warning. Habitat destruction, degradation, and fragmentation is the most serious problem and affects 86% of threatened birds. Unsustainable forestry and intensifying agriculture exacerbate this problem of habitat loss. All of this shows that conservation of habitats is critical if many of the world's bird species are going to be saved from extinction in the near future.
Approximately what percent of bird species are threatened with extinction today?

A) 5%
B) 12%
C) 25%
D) 45%

Question 42

The figure below shows a planarian.Bilateral symmetry and a highly branched gastrovascular cavity all suggest that the planarian is a(n)______.

A) annelid
B) mollusk
C) chordate
D) flatworm

Question 43

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
Birds are a widespread group of animals, with approximately 10,000 different species found throughout the world today. Because they are relatively easy to find and so visually appealing, they have been studied more thoroughly than many other groups of animals. They are also valuable biological indicators, because many species live in different habitats during different times of the year and cover long migration routes. According to the World Conservation Union, extinction threatens over 1,200 bird species today and at least 179 are critically endangered. Some of the most endangered species include the Tahiti monarch, with only 10 pairs remaining, and the Bali starling, with only 12 wild individuals left. In Hawaii, the last captive po'ouli died in 2005 and the last two known to be alive in the wild have not been seen in many months. Common birds are also disappearing. In North America, red-winged blackbird populations declined by at least 1 percent each year between 1980 and 1999. These examples can serve as a warning. Habitat destruction, degradation, and fragmentation is the most serious problem and affects 86% of threatened birds. Unsustainable forestry and intensifying agriculture exacerbate this problem of habitat loss. All of this shows that conservation of habitats is critical if many of the world's bird species are going to be saved from extinction in the near future.
What is the greatest threat to birds today?

A) pollution
B) poaching
C) habitat loss
D) the illegal pet trade

Question 44

According to this evolutionary tree,approximately how many years ago did humans and orangutans share a common ancestor?

A) 1 million years ago
B) 7 million years ago
C) 12 million years ago
D) 20 million years ago

Question 45

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
Birds are a widespread group of animals, with approximately 10,000 different species found throughout the world today. Because they are relatively easy to find and so visually appealing, they have been studied more thoroughly than many other groups of animals. They are also valuable biological indicators, because many species live in different habitats during different times of the year and cover long migration routes. According to the World Conservation Union, extinction threatens over 1,200 bird species today and at least 179 are critically endangered. Some of the most endangered species include the Tahiti monarch, with only 10 pairs remaining, and the Bali starling, with only 12 wild individuals left. In Hawaii, the last captive po'ouli died in 2005 and the last two known to be alive in the wild have not been seen in many months. Common birds are also disappearing. In North America, red-winged blackbird populations declined by at least 1 percent each year between 1980 and 1999. These examples can serve as a warning. Habitat destruction, degradation, and fragmentation is the most serious problem and affects 86% of threatened birds. Unsustainable forestry and intensifying agriculture exacerbate this problem of habitat loss. All of this shows that conservation of habitats is critical if many of the world's bird species are going to be saved from extinction in the near future.
What is a feature of birds that makes them valuable as biological indicators?

A) Many migrate long distances.
B) Many are brightly colored.
C) There are over 10,000 different species of birds.
D) Birdwatching is a popular hobby.

Question 46

What type of symmetry does this organism exhibit?

A) asymmetrical
B) binomial
C) radial
D) bilateral

Question 47

The legless,segmented body of the animal below suggests that it is a(n)______.

A) annelid
B) arthropod
C) snake
D) roundworm

Question 48

Insects,such as the grasshopper shown below,have ______.

A) eight legs
B) a two-part body: head and abdomen
C) a three-part body: head, thorax, and abdomen
D) no wings