Deck 25: Hormones

Question 1

Hormones derived from amino acids can cause different effects in different cells depending on the type of cell and ______.

A) its signal transduction pathway
B) the particular organelle that is targeted
C) the binding of the hormone to either DNA or RNA
D) all of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of these hormones is countered by diuretics such as alcohol?

A) ADH
B) glucagon
C) HGH
D) FSH

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Nonsteroid hormones are derived from ______.

A) amino acids
B) cholesterol
C) carbohydrates
D) long-chain fatty acids

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Steroid hormones ______.

A) trigger a signal transduction pathway when they bind to a receptor
B) bind to mRNA in the cytoplasm to initiate transcription
C) bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus
D) all of the above

Question 5

Eating very spicy food stimulates the release of ______.

A) endorphins
B) insulin
C) glucagon
D) calcitonin

Question 6

A cell that is affected by a particular steroid hormone would be expected to have ______.

A) DNA sites that interact with the hormone
B) a receptor inside the cell that binds the hormone
C) a cell-surface receptor that binds the hormone
D) enzymes that are activated or inactivated by the hormone's second messenger

Question 7

Steroid hormones _____.

A) are derived from amino acids
B) diffuse through the plasma membrane into target cells
C) bind to receptors in the plasma membrane.
D) are water soluble

Question 8

Which of the following has both endocrine and nonendocrine functions?

A) pancreas
B) salivary gland
C) anterior pituitary gland
D) skeletal muscle

Question 9

Hormones regulate ______.

A) growth
B) reproduction
C) metabolism
D) all of the above

Question 10

Hormones that bind to plasma membrane receptors ______.

A) are steroid hormones
B) bind to DNA and cause changes in transcription
C) cannot pass through cell membranes
D) are produced in the interstitial fluid

Question 11

Which of the following is part of the brain?

A) thymus
B) hypothalamus
C) adrenal cortex
D) thyroid

Question 12

Hormones are usually transported through ______ and affect only cells with ______.

A) ducts... specific receptors
B) intercellular junctions... cell junctions
C) blood vessels... specific receptors
D) blood vessels... cell junctions

Question 13

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)is a hormone that ______.

A) helps to regulate the female menstrual cycle
B) stimulates growth
C) raises blood glucose levels
D) regulates hair and skin growth

Question 14

Which of the following hormones affects the greatest variety of cell types?

A) prolactin
B) insulin
C) growth hormone
D) calcitonin

Question 15

Which of the following hormones is made by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary?

A) estrogen
B) growth hormone
C) ADH
D) insulin

Question 16

Which of the following choices does not pair an endocrine gland or hormone with an aspect of metabolism that it regulates?

A) parathyroid-blood calcium levels
B) pancreas-blood glucose levels
C) prolactin-blood potassium levels
D) ovary-female sexual characteristics

Question 17

If a cell is like a house,which one of the following is most similar to the way that a steroid hormone works?

A) A postal worker leaves mail for you at your front door.
B) A visitor to your home knocks on your front door.
C) Radio signals are received by a stereo in your bedroom.
D) You walk outside of your home to get a better signal on your cell phone.

Question 18

Hormones are made from all of the following classes of compounds except ______.

A) peptides
B) proteins
C) amines
D) carbohydrates

Question 19

Which of the following is a nonsteroid hormone?

A) glucagon
B) a progestin
C) a glucocorticoid
D) androgen

Question 20

Which one of the following statements is true?

A) The anterior pituitary is composed of nervous tissue.
B) The pituitary is the master control center of the entire endocrine system.
C) Inhibiting hormones make the anterior pituitary secrete hormones.
D) The pituitary secretes hormones that influence numerous body functions.

Question 21

Calcitonin is antagonistic to ______.

A) parathyroid hormone
B) human growth hormone
C) endorphins
D) oxytocin

Question 22

Hyposecretion of ______ may inhibit your response to stress.

A) ACTH
B) insulin
C) HGH
D) prolactin

Question 23

Which of the following is secreted by a sexually mature,premenopausal woman?

A) testosterone
B) estrogen
C) progestins
D) all of the above

Question 24

What is the metabolic abnormality that underlies the characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus,such as frequent urination?

A) a failure of the kidney tubules to reabsorb enough glucose from the urine
B) a failure of the gastrointestinal epithelium to absorb enough glucose from food
C) an inability of the body's cells to retain glucose they have absorbed from the blood
D) an inability of the body's cells to absorb enough glucose from the blood

Question 25

Which of the following best describes the relationship of insulin to glucagon?

A) They work together to prepare the body to deal with stress.
B) Insulin stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagon.
C) High levels of insulin inhibit pancreatic secretion of glucagon.
D) They are antagonistic hormones.

Question 26

One of your best friends loves to run long distances.You ask her what she enjoys about running.In addition to good physical fitness,she tells you that after a run she feels extra happy.You suspect that her joy might be related to increased production of ______ by the anterior pituitary gland.

A) endorphins
B) releasing hormones
C) prolactin
D) ibuprofen

Question 27

Which of the following is almost always associated with being overweight and underactive?

A) type 1 diabetes
B) type 2 diabetes
C) type 3 diabetes
D) hypoglycemia

Question 28

Which of the following are sex hormones?

A) androgens
B) estrogens
C) progestins
D) all of the above

Question 29

Epinephrine ______.

A) decreases metabolic rate
B) decreases heart rate
C) increases absorption of glucose by the digestive tract
D) increases breathing rate

Question 30

Which of the following hormones can make a person susceptible to infection when administered for too long as a drug?

A) glucagon
B) growth hormone
C) glucocorticoids
D) antidiuretic hormone

Question 31

Which of the following glands secretes hormones that enable the body to respond to stress?

A) pancreas
B) adrenal
C) pineal
D) parathyroid

Question 32

Which of the following may be a consequence of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone?

A) convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles
B) giantism
C) loss of calcium from the blood
D) loss of calcium from the bone

Question 33

Which of the following hormones causes a rise in the concentration of glucose in the blood?

A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) melatonin
D) calcitonin

Question 34

Which structure exerts primary control over the concentration of sugar in the blood?

A) liver
B) pituitary
C) pineal
D) pancreas

Question 35

______ can be a symptom of hypothyroidism.

A) Goiter
B) A low sperm count
C) Graves' disease
D) Hyperactivity

Question 36

When the concentration of glucose in the blood rises following the digestion of a meal,what is the hormonal response?

A) Increased amounts of both glucagon and insulin are released.
B) An increased amount of glucagon is released.
C) An increased amount of insulin is released.
D) Glucagon and insulin levels in the blood stay the same.

Question 37

Which of the following is(are)mostly involved in a long-lasting response to stress?

A) mineralocorticoids
B) glucocorticoids
C) androgens
D) oxytocin

Question 38

Which gland requires the element iodine to produce its hormones?

A) thyroid
B) pineal
C) anterior pituitary
D) ovary

Question 39

Which of the following glands is located nearest the kidneys?

A) ovaries
B) pineal gland
C) parathyroid glands
D) adrenal glands

Question 40

Estrogens stimulate the development of ______.

A) breasts
B) a low-pitched voice
C) sperm production
D) facial hair

Question 41

Please read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by loss of bone mass and an increased susceptibility to bone fractures. It threatens more than half of all Americans over the age of 50. Women are about four times more likely to suffer from the disease than men. Osteoporosis may progress undetected until bones become so weak that they break during common activities. Prevention of osteoporosis includes regular weight-bearing exercise, recommended intake of calcium and vitamin D, and avoidance of smoking and excessive alcohol.
In the human body,calcium levels are regulated by the ______.

A) antagonistic actions of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
B) antagonistic actions of insulin and glucagon
C) interactions of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
D) interactions of glucocorticoids and androgens

Question 42

Examine the figure below.If blood glucose levels decline,______.

A) the pancreas releases more glucagon, which causes glucose to be released into the blood
B) the pancreas releases more insulin, which causes glucose to be released into the blood
C) body cells take up more glucose
D) liver cells convert glucose to glycogen

Question 43

Examine the following figure.What is special about the target cells that allows them to respond to the hormone? Only the target cells ______.

A) are close enough to the blood vessels to respond
B) touch the blood vessels
C) have specific receptors to the hormone
D) located in organs next to the kidneys can respond

Question 44

Please read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by loss of bone mass and an increased susceptibility to bone fractures. It threatens more than half of all Americans over the age of 50. Women are about four times more likely to suffer from the disease than men. Osteoporosis may progress undetected until bones become so weak that they break during common activities. Prevention of osteoporosis includes regular weight-bearing exercise, recommended intake of calcium and vitamin D, and avoidance of smoking and excessive alcohol.
Soon after eating a calcium-rich breakfast of yogurt and fortified cereal,your blood levels of calcium increase,stimulating the release of ______.

A) insulin
B) parathyroid hormone
C) glucocorticoids
D) calcitonin

Question 45

Examine the figure below.The behavior exhibited by these elephant seals is promoted by _____.

A) growth hormone
B) testosterone
C) calcitonin
D) antagonistic hormones

Question 46

Please read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by loss of bone mass and an increased susceptibility to bone fractures. It threatens more than half of all Americans over the age of 50. Women are about four times more likely to suffer from the disease than men. Osteoporosis may progress undetected until bones become so weak that they break during common activities. Prevention of osteoporosis includes regular weight-bearing exercise, recommended intake of calcium and vitamin D, and avoidance of smoking and excessive alcohol.
Osteoporosis could be caused by overactivity of ______.

A) the thyroid gland
B) the parathyroid gland
C) the adrenal cortex
D) glucocorticoids