Deck 26: Reproduction and Development

Question 1

Which one of the following STDs is not caused by a virus?

A) AIDS
B) chlamydia
C) genital warts
D) genital herpes

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Where in a woman's reproductive tract does fertilization most often take place?

A) in the ovary
B) in the upper part of the oviduct
C) in the lower part of the oviduct
D) in the uterus

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is an aspect of asexual reproduction that is sometimes disadvantageous?

A) It allows animals that do not move around to produce offspring without finding mates.
B) It allows an animal to produce many offspring quickly.
C) It saves the time and energy of gamete production.
D) It produces genetically uniform populations.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A sperm cell's acrosome ______.

A) contains the sperm's nucleus and is the part of the sperm that enters the egg during fertilization
B) fuses with the plasma membrane of the egg cell
C) contains enzymes that are released when the sperm encounters an egg and dissolves a hole in the jellylike matrix that surrounds the egg
D) contains the sperm's mitochondria

Question 5

Which one of the following is the earliest event in the process of fertilization?

A) Sperm contact the jelly coat around the egg.
B) The sperm head plasma membrane fuses with the egg plasma membrane.
C) Enzymes from the acrosome are released.
D) The sperm nucleus enters the cytoplasm of the egg.

Question 6

Which of these events occurs first?

A) gastrulation
B) cleavage
C) implantation
D) formation of the placenta

Question 7

What would happen if an embryo failed to secrete HCG?

A) The maternal elements of the placenta would fail to develop.
B) The fetal elements of the placenta would fail to develop.
C) Neural tube formation would not occur, and the embryo would not have a brain.
D) The embryo would be aborted.

Question 8

In a human female reproductive system,the ______.

A) hymen partly covers the cervical opening
B) vagina secretes hormones that help maintain the uterine lining
C) labia minora are a pair of thick, fatty ridges that protect the entire genital region
D) outer features are collectively called the vulva

Question 9

Which of the following is associated with sexual reproduction?

A) fission
B) fragmentation
C) budding
D) none of the above

Question 10

Into which layer of the uterus does the embryo implant?

A) myometrium
B) perimetrium
C) epimetrium
D) endometrium

Question 11

Menstruation ______.

A) involves the breakdown of the endometrium
B) is stimulated by HCG
C) occurs after ovulation but prior to degeneration of the follicle
D) is triggered by an LH surge

Question 12

In human females,the ovarian cycle begins when the ______.

A) levels of estrogen reach their maximum
B) hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase its output of FSH and LH
C) level of progesterone drops precipitously
D) levels of FSH and LH drop precipitously

Question 13

What moves the human egg through the oviduct?

A) the beating of the egg's cilia
B) rhythmic contractions of the oviduct
C) rhythmic contractions of the uterus
D) the beating of cilia in the oviduct

Question 14

Asexual reproduction

A) creates individuals with unique combinations of genes.
B) generates enormous genetic variation.
C) is an effective way for animals to expand their population quickly and exploit an available environment.
D) provides greater adaptability to changing environments.

Question 15

Which one of the following statements is true?

A) Natural family planning is one of the most reliable forms of birth control.
B) Morning-after pills are about 25% effective at preventing pregnancy.
C) Tubal ligation prevents ovulation.
D) A vasectomy involves removing a section of each vas deferens.

Question 16

Which of the following types of pathogens cause sexually transmitted diseases that are generally not curable?

A) bacteria
B) viruses
C) fungi
D) HIV but not other viruses

Question 17

Which one of the following statements is true?

A) Meiosis in oogenesis produces four mature eggs from one primary oocyte.
B) Oogenesis begins during puberty.
C) Spermatogenesis begins before birth.
D) Oogenesis in humans is completed after stimulation by sperm.

Question 18

Reproductive systems with external fertilization are most common in ______.

A) populations with many more males than females
B) animals that are widely dispersed
C) aquatic animals
D) populations with many more females than males

Question 19

Why are human testes located in an external sac rather than in the abdominal cavity?

A) to shorten the distance that semen must travel during ejaculation
B) so the testes can be kept at a constant temperature
C) so the testes can be kept cooler than the body's interior
D) so the testes can enlarge at sexual maturity

Question 20

Hermaphrodites ______.

A) possess both male and female reproductive systems
B) have the gonads of one sex but the external appearance of the other
C) usually fertilize themselves
D) have abnormal reproductive systems

Question 21

The animal in the accompanying figure illustrates ______.

A) fission
B) regeneration
C) budding
D) none of the above

Question 22

The liver,pancreas,and lining of the digestive tract come from ______.

A) ectoderm
B) endoderm
C) mesoderm
D) neural crest cells

Question 23

The human embryo's first blood cells arise in the ______.

A) developing liver
B) amnion
C) yolk sac
D) allantois

Question 24

Which one of the following is a result of programmed cell death?

A) formation of fingers in humans
B) gastrulation
C) formation of the notochord
D) formation of the brain

Question 25

Which of the following processes dominates the third trimester of human development?

A) formation of internal organs
B) formation of external features such as arms and legs
C) growth
D) organ formation

Question 26

The lifeline between the embryo and the placenta ______.

A) is derived from the yolk sac
B) is derived from the amnion
C) is called the chorion
D) is called the umbilical cord

Question 27

What is gestation?

A) conception
B) fertilization
C) development
D) pregnancy

Question 28

The "grandmother hypothesis" suggests that a woman can increase her reproductive fitness by ______.

A) moving away from her children and grandchildren
B) focusing her energy on caring for her grandchildren, instead of on producing more children
C) focusing her energy on the production of as many children as possible before reaching menopause
D) helping her sisters produce more children

Question 29

Which of the following correctly lists the three stages of labor,in the proper order?

A) dilation, expulsion, delivery of the placenta
B) dilation, crowning, expulsion
C) contractions, dilation, expulsion
D) contractions, dilation, crowning

Question 30

Bill suffers from a low sperm count.After meeting with his physician,he tells his wife that there might be a simple solution.Bill's physician suggests that he might raise his sperm count by ______.

A) drinking more orange juice
B) wearing boxer shorts
C) having sex more often
D) riding a bicycle

Question 31

At about what point in gestation can an ultrasound exam determine the sex of the fetus?

A) about 4 weeks after fertilization
B) at the end of the first trimester
C) about 20 weeks after fertilization
D) at the end of the second trimester

Question 32

The figure shows male reproductive anatomy.In a human male reproductive system ______.

A) sperm mature in the urethra
B) the vas deferens conducts sperm between the testis and epididymis
C) the sperm travel through the urethra during ejaculation
D) sperm mature in the prostate gland

Question 33

At about what point in gestation does the fetal heartbeat become audible by stethoscope and the fetus's movements easily felt by the mother?

A) 15 weeks
B) 20 weeks
C) 25 weeks
D) 30 weeks

Question 34

When does the human embryo implant in the wall of the uterus?

A) within a few hours of fertilization
B) about a day after conception
C) about a week after conception
D) just after gastrulation

Question 35

When a chemical signal from a group of embryonic cells causes a different,nearby group of cells to embark on a particular developmental course (say,differentiating into a leg),the interaction between the two groups of cells is called ______.

A) induction
B) coordinated differentiation
C) programmed cell death
D) potentiation

Question 36

Gastrulation ______.

A) changes a hollow embryo into a solid gastrula
B) changes the solid blastocyst into a hollow embryo that has three tissue layers
C) changes the hollow blastocyst into a hollow embryo that has three tissue layers
D) changes a gastrula into a blastocyst

Question 37

The yolk sac of humans ______.

A) stores nutrients to support the developing embryo
B) produces blood cells and gamete-forming cells
C) secretes HCG
D) absorbs nutrients from, and releases waste to, the mother's blood

Question 38

Mesoderm gives rise to the ______.

A) heart
B) kidneys
C) muscles
D) all of the above

Question 39

Which of the following substances stimulates contractions in uterine smooth muscle during labor?

A) progesterone
B) estrogen
C) oxytocin
D) prolactin

Question 40

Which of the following results from cleavage?

A) formation of the nervous system
B) formation of the notochord
C) more cells
D) segmentation

Question 41

The figure shows oogenesis.What is the function of the polar bodies that are produced during oogenesis? They are a mechanism that allows for ______.

A) the shedding of excess cytoplasm during the production of a haploid ovum
B) the shedding of excess genetic material during the production of a haploid ovum
C) the shedding of excess mitochondria during the production of a haploid ovum
D) streamlining of the ovum so as to facilitate the penetration of an ovum by a sperm

Question 42

Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following question(s).
Birth control methods act at many points in the reproductive cycle. Some options, such as birth control pills, are highly effective at preventing pregnancy. However, only a few commonly available methods are effective at preventing the transmission of sexually transmitted disease. The Center for Disease Control estimates that each year about 10 million new STD infections strike people ages 15 to 24.
Which of the following birth control methods provides the most effective protection against pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease for sexually active people?

A) the pill
B) latex condoms
C) a diaphragm
D) the rhythm method

Question 43

Examine the embryo in the following figure.The hands and feet of this embryo appear paddle-like,with no distinct toes or fingers.What process is needed to define each of the toes and fingers?

A) programmed cell death
B) neurulation
C) gastrulation
D) induction

Question 44

The figure shows a human embryo 31 days after conception.Which of the following structures is part of the placenta?

A) embryo
B) chorion
C) amnion
D) yolk sac

Question 45

Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following question(s).
Birth control methods act at many points in the reproductive cycle. Some options, such as birth control pills, are highly effective at preventing pregnancy. However, only a few commonly available methods are effective at preventing the transmission of sexually transmitted disease. The Center for Disease Control estimates that each year about 10 million new STD infections strike people ages 15 to 24.
A vasectomy ______.

A) prevents the production of sperm in the testes
B) prevents the production of semen
C) prevents the movement of sperm into the urethra
D) is an effective method to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted disease

Question 46

Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following question(s).
Birth control methods act at many points in the reproductive cycle. Some options, such as birth control pills, are highly effective at preventing pregnancy. However, only a few commonly available methods are effective at preventing the transmission of sexually transmitted disease. The Center for Disease Control estimates that each year about 10 million new STD infections strike people ages 15 to 24.
A diaphragm functions as a birth control device by ______.

A) preventing ovulation
B) preventing implantation of an embryo
C) stimulating the production of sperm-killing antibodies
D) preventing the movement of sperm into the uterus