Deck 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development

Question 1

Which best describes the marker for transition into adulthood in most Western societies?

A) Markers that are loosely defined and can consist of any number of events
B) No markers, as adulthood is not viewed as unique time of life in most Western cultures
C) Markers that are specific and tied to marriage and/or having children
D) Markers that are differ by sex, with female transition clearly defined and male transition loosely defined

Answer 1

A

Question 2

As a female growing up in a developing nation, Ozemena's transition to adulthood is most likely to be based on her ability to

A) procreate.
B) protect.
C) provide.
D) profit.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Erikson would argue that 30-year-old Rollie is currently experiencing a crisis involving

A) trust versus mistrust.
B) identity versus role confusion.
C) autonomy versus shame and doubt.
D) intimacy versus isolation.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Yacef suddenly finds himself newly married and out of school with a new job. Yacef is experiencing

A) role transitions.
B) reflective judgment.
C) possible selves.
D) fluid intelligence.

Question 5

Who is best classified as being in the state of emerging adulthood?

A) Lo, who is 15
B) Whitney, who is 25
C) Audrina, who is 35
D) Spencer, who is 45

Question 6

In most non-Western developing cultures, ____ is the most important determinant of adult status.

A) completing college
B) marriage
C) getting a job
D) having a child

Question 7

Which of 26-year-old Tonya's characteristics would qualify her as being a "returning adult student?"

A) The fact that she is leaving a job
B) Her age
C) The fact that she is the first in her family to go to school
D) Her sex

Question 8

Kalya considers herself more than an adolescent but not yet fully an adult. This would qualify her as being in the state known as _____ adulthood.

A) tween
B) passage
C) emerging
D) formal

Question 9

Nicola is 18 years old and engages in many risky behaviors. For example, she drives very fast and recklessly, and does not use any protection when having sex. If Nicola is a typical adolescent, these behaviors will ____ when she gets older.

A) significantly increase in frequency
B) slightly increase in frequency
C) remain at the same frequency level
D) decrease in frequency

Question 10

The criteria for reaching adulthood are referred to as a role

A) reversal.
B) transition.
C) impedance.
D) reflection.

Question 11

Erikson's theory is least applicable in explaining the timing of identity and intimacy formation in

A) career-oriented men.
B) noncareer-oriented men.
C) career-oriented women.
D) noncareer-oriented women.

Question 12

Identity is related to closeness for all groups except

A) same-sex friendships for women.
B) same-sex friendships for men.
C) cross-sex friendships for women.
D) cross-sex friendships for men.

Question 13

Who would Erikson say is most capable of true intimacy?

A) Cindy, who is overdependent on her boyfriend
B) Burt, who will go out with different people but finds it scary to go out with someone more than a couple of times
C) Aileen, who has a clear sense of identity
D) Harrison, who is 16 years old

Question 14

Which of the following statements about returning students is False?

A) Returning students tend to be problem-solvers.
B) Returning students tend to need more direction from instructors.
C) Returning students tend to experience conflicts between school, work, and family.
D) Returning students often have life experience relevant to coursework.

Question 15

Role transitions always

A) occur at the same age for individuals within a given cultural population.
B) involve family relationships.
C) lead to significant increases in stress.
D) involve the acquisition of new responsibilities.

Question 16

In what way is Cheyenne different from Ciara, her teenage daughter?

A) Cheyenne is more likely to have unprotected sex .
B) Cheyenne is less likely to speed while driving.
C) Ciara is more likely to comply with social norms.
D) Ciara is less likely to shoplift.

Question 17

The desire to live life more fully by experiencing physical and emotionally threatening situations is known as

A) multidimensionality.
B) a rite of passage.
C) edgework.
D) plasticity.

Question 18

A rite of passage is best classified as a(n)

A) implicit stereotype.
B) biological event.
C) reflective judgment.
D) ritual.

Question 19

Smita is a young woman who has been dressed in an elaborate garment and is being separated from the rest of the community. After three days of various rituals, she will be allowed back into the group as an adult. Smita is most likely experiencing

A) a social clock.
B) possible selves.
C) a rite of passage.
D) implicit stereotyping.

Question 20

The youngest age at which most colleges label an individual as a returning adult student is ____.

A) 25
B) 35
C) 45
D) 55

Question 21

Which group of males in the United States has the lowest incidence of death during young adulthood (age 25-34)?

A) Native Americans
B) African Americans
C) Latinos
D) Asian Americans

Question 22

Kofi was a 27-year-old male living in the United States, who just died. What was the most likely cause of Kofi's death?

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Homicide
C) Cancer
D) An accident

Question 23

How is the consumption of alcohol related to the promotion of health?

A) Abstainers have the greatest benefits
B) Light drinkers have the greatest benefits
C) Heavy drinkers have the greatest benefits
D) Alcohol consumption has not been related to any health benefits

Question 24

Which statement concerning secondhand smoke is true?

A) There is no evidence that secondhand smoke leads to any health problems
B) Hundreds of thousands of children suffer from lung problems annually from secondhand smoke each year
C) Less than one-fifth of Americans have been exposed to secondhand smoke
D) Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to die from lung cancer than from cardiovascular disease

Question 25

Which of Brittney's actions best exemplifies an attempt to achieve adult status?

A) Deciding that she was not old enough to handle the rigors of college
B) Her two marriages
C) Singing a duet with her younger sister
D) Her "wholesome" work as a young teen on the Disney channel

Question 26

All four of these people successfully quit smoking. Which person's method was most typical of successful quitters?

A) Monette, who went to a treatment center
B) Chuck, who went to a psychologist
C) Mark, who went to his minister
D) Wendy, who quit on her own

Question 27

In the United States, about ____ percent of young adults ages 25 to 44 consume alcohol occasionally.

A) 90
B) 65
C) 30
D) 15

Question 28

Which statement by 25-year-old Flossie, who is typical for a person of her age, is most likely False?

A) "I am as strong as I will ever be."
B) "I am a lot less coordinated than I used to be."
C) "My hearing is not quite as good as it used to be."
D) "My height has likely reached its peak."

Question 29

Jimmy goes to a party with his college buddies and has six beers in a row. Jimmy's behavior would be best classified as

A) alcoholism.
B) light drinking.
C) binge drinking.
D) purge drinking.

Question 30

Smoking represents a major medical problem in the United States with about ____ people each year dying from smoking-related disorders.

A) 4,000
B) 40,000
C) 400,000
D) 4,000,000

Question 31

Whose cancer was most likely related to smoking?

A) Barbara's, who has lung cancer
B) Nora's, who has cancer of the cervix
C) Tim, who has cancer of the pancreas
D) Daniel, who has brain cancer

Question 32

Dr. Winslow is doing a health survey of 200 young adults. If this group is typical of young adults in the United States, ____ of them will say they are in good to excellent health.

A) 188
B) 164
C) 132
D) 106

Question 33

Based on statistics, which of these 30-year-old adults is most likely to die within a year?

A) Buster, a European-American male
B) Tamarick, an African-American male
C) John, an Asian-American male
D) Nik, a Native-American male

Question 34

Surveys of binge drinking behaviors indicate that

A) it has stayed the same in the general population.
B) it has increased in the general population.
C) it has stayed the same in the college population.
D) it has increased in the college population.

Question 35

The most likely sensory change between age 25 and 50 would involve

A) the loss of ability to taste sour foods.
B) a diminished ability to experience pain.
C) having trouble seeing things that are near.
D) the inability to hear high-pitched sounds.

Question 36

People who quit smoking after smoking for a long time

A) may not get worse, but their overall health will remain bad.
B) show significant improvements in their health.
C) will continue to deteriorate but at a slower rate.
D) will remain at risk for heart attack but not for cancer.

Question 37

Who is most likely experiencing a "quarterlife crisis?"

A) 82-year-old Dominica, whose spouse just died
B) 62-year-old Kitt, who just retired
C) 42-year-old Lucia, who just had a baby
D) 22-year-old Aruba, who just graduated from college

Question 38

Who could we classify as being a binge drinker?

A) Sarah, who drank three shots of tequila in a row within the past two weeks
B) Susan, who drank four beers in a row within the past two weeks
C) Scott, who drank four shots of scotch in a row within the past two weeks
D) Sarah, Susan, and Scott all reach the criterion for binge drinking

Question 39

Who is least likely to be considered an adult?

A) A 16-year-old high school student
B) A 22-year-old living with his or her parents
C) A 22-year-old mother who works on a farm
D) A 17-year-old college student

Question 40

Gallo drinks exactly two glasses of wine per day. As a result, Gallo can expect to

A) end up in a treatment center for alcoholism.
B) be at risk for cardiovascular disease.
C) be labeled a binge drinker.
D) experience some health-related benefits from his actions.

Question 41

A doctor is attempting to determine how healthy you are. She uses a formula that contains information regarding your height and weight. What is she most likely measuring?

A) LDL
B) BMI
C) HDL
D) ADA

Question 42

What is BMI?

A) A measure of cholesterol in the blood
B) A personality test
C) A device used to assess binge drinking
D) An index related to total body fat

Question 43

Amanda is physically dependent on alcohol and experiences withdrawal symptoms when she doesn't drink. Amanda's experience with alcohol would be best described as

A) an addiction.
B) a rite of passage.
C) binge drinking.
D) healthy behavior.

Question 44

_____ help keep your arteries clear.

A) Trans fats
B) Serotonin
C) High-density lipoproteins
D) Steroids

Question 45

Low-density lipoproteins

A) clear fat deposits from arteries.
B) create sickle-shaped blood cells.
C) cause fatty deposits that can lead to blocked arteries.
D) are found in high concentrations in many green vegetables.

Question 46

Jari is a frequent binge drinker. Which is he less likely to experience than his non-binge-drinking peers?

A) Unprotected sex
B) A hangover
C) Good grades
D) A sexually transmitted disease

Question 47

Richard has just been told by his physician that he should cut back on the amount of fat in his diet. His physician is most likely concerned about the high amount of ____ in Richard's blood.

A) vitamin D
B) high-density lipoproteins
C) low-density lipoproteins
D) carbohydrates

Question 48

An individual with a BMI of ____ or less is considered healthy.

A) 24
B) 34
C) 44
D) 54

Question 49

Sheryl's physician Dr. Crow has just indicated that she needs to begin to take statins. If Dr. Crow is competent, you would know that Sheryl

A) suffers from clinically depression.
B) has just been diagnosed with ADHD.
C) suffers from alcoholism.
D) has a high level of LDL.

Question 50

Concerning treatment of alcohol abuse in young adults,

A) only Alcoholics Anonymous has been found to show long-term benefits.
B) the long-term effects for most programs are unknown.
C) behavior modification programs do not work.
D) cognitive therapies help males but are ineffective with females.

Question 51

Which best describes the relationship between LDLs and HDLs?

A) LDLs break down HDLs
B) HDLs break down LDLs
C) LDLs transform into HDLs
D) HDLs transform into LDLs

Question 52

Bernice is very interested in studying how the energy needs of the human body change through the life span. In other words, Bernice is interested in studying

A) cholesterol.
B) metabolism.
C) lipoproteins.
D) addiction.

Question 53

A doctor is most likely to recommend that you consume higher levels of ____ to increase your HDL level.

A) fiber
B) fat
C) Sodium
D) Yogurt

Question 54

At a chemical level, alcohol addiction results in chemical changes that

A) cause the body to crave alcohol.
B) destroy all GABA receptors.
C) reduce levels of serotonin and dopamine within the brain.
D) increase cellular develop in the medulla oblongata.

Question 55

If Winchester weighs 100 kilograms (220 pounds) and is 2 meters tall (6 feet 5 inches), his BMI would be

A) 25.
B) 50.
C) 200.
D) 400.

Question 56

Who is at the greatest risk of a heart attack?

A) Forrest, who has high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs
B) Tucker, who has low level of LDLs and high levels of HDLs
C) Sawyer, who has low levels of both LDLs and HDLs
D) Gump, who has high levels of both LDLs and HDLs

Question 57

Which combination would be a sign of good health?

A) LDL level over 160 mg/dL and HDL level under 50 mg/dL
B) LDL level under 160 mg/dL and HDL level under 50 mg/dL
C) LDL level under 160 mg/dL and HDL level over 50 mg/dL
D) LDL level over 160 mg/dL and HDL level over 50 mg/dL

Question 58

Which approach to diminishing binge drinking on college campuses appears to be least effective?

A) Student involvement in designing the intervention program
B) Programs that focus on younger drinkers
C) Changing the campus climate concerning alcohol consumption
D) Efforts based on limiting access to alcohol

Question 59

Who is most likely to be a binge drinker?

A) Jamaal, who is very emotionally expressive
B) Ryan, who is a member of a fraternity
C) Leslie, who works part-time
D) Emily, who studies approximately five hours per day

Question 60

Sixty-year-old Norbert says, "When I was a teenager, I could eat five big meals a day and still feel hungry. Now a couple of snacks can get me through the day." What best accounts for this age-related change?

A) Lower metabolic rate
B) Higher blood sugar
C) Drop in thiamine level
D) Addition of muscle mass

Question 61

Schaie's influential study on intellectual change over time utilizes the _____ research design he invented.

A) cross-sectional
B) longitudinal
C) sequential
D) postformal

Question 62

In the United States, the poorest health conditions are found in those living in

A) inner-city neighborhoods.
B) the South.
C) ethnic neighborhoods.
D) nursing homes.

Question 63

A baseball coach tells a pitcher, "With a little training, I think that you could learn to throw a knuckleball." This provides a good example of a belief in the _______ of an ability.

A) multidimensionality
B) plasticity
C) multidirectionality
D) fluid nature

Question 64

Which is not a "primary mental ability?"

A) Number
B) Inductive reasoning
C) Spatial orientation
D) Fluid intelligence

Question 65

Brady has never seen an American football game. After watching about 20 plays, however, he is able to accurately describe the general premise of the game. This ability suggests that Brady is skilled at

A) inductive reasoning.
B) number interpretation.
C) verbal meaning.
D) spatial orientation.

Question 66

Socioeconomic status and _____ are the two most important social influences on health.

A) education
B) occupation
C) marital status
D) religious status

Question 67

Lai and Mei are sisters. As they have gotten older, Lai's cognitive skills have improved while Mei's have declined. This is evidence for the ____????______ of abilities.

A) multidimensionality
B) multidirectionality
C) interindividual variability
D) Plasticity

Question 68

Mr. Brady's talents as an architect are mostly due to his ability to visualize buildings in three-dimensions are they are being designed. This suggests that Mr. Brady has outstanding _____ abilities.

A) inductive reasoning
B) spatial orientation
C) word fluency
D) number

Question 69

The fact that Molly's spatial performance has declined while her verbal abilities have improved is support for the notion that intelligence

A) is conventional.
B) has interindividual variability.
C) is multidirectional.
D) is a life-span construct.

Question 70

Kali has a theory of intelligence that views it as being a combination of several factors such as fine motor skills, cognitive ability, and emotional control. Kali's theory is

A) multidirectional.
B) multidimensional.
C) conventional.
D) a life-span construct.

Question 71

The fact that a specific aspect of intelligence can be modified at any time during the life span exemplifies the concept of

A) interindividual variability.
B) plasticity.
C) multidimensionality.
D) primary mental abilities.

Question 72

After taking several college courses, Chuck's short-term memory ability increased. This exemplifies the concept of

A) plasticity.
B) multidimensionality.
C) interindividual variability.
D) postformal thought.

Question 73

Dr. Merchant points to a picture of elephants and asks you to describe what you see in the picture. Dr. Merchant is probably assessing

A) verbal meaning.
B) number.
C) word fluency.
D) inductive reasoning.

Question 74

Evidence for interindividual variability in intelligence is best demonstrated when

A) a single test of intelligence is based on assessing many different abilities.
B) the same individual shows improvement in language skills while showing declines in math skills.
C) an individual's singing improves after taking singing lessons.
D) one individual's reasoning skills improve with age while another's declines with age.

Question 75

Who is likely to be the least healthy?

A) Thales, who lives in poverty
B) Jose, who is a college graduate
C) Luzia, who is African American
D) Fabio, who is very wealthy

Question 76

Who has the lowest risk of dying from a chronic disease?

A) Gomez, who is a high school drop-out
B) Mortica, who is a high school graduate
C) Wednesday, who is college drop-out
D) Fester, who is a college graduate

Question 77

Intellectual multidirectionality is based on the premise that

A) no two people develop the same way intellectually.
B) there is more than one kind of intelligence.
C) most aspects of intelligence cannot be modified.
D) with age, some aspects of intelligence improve while others may decline.

Question 78

Dr. Ique has organized her lecture on intellectual ability around different skills that she has placed into meaningful groups. What would be the best title for Dr. Ique's lecture?

A) Plasticity Forever
B) You and Your Primary Mental Abilities
C) Rites of Passage Around the World
D) Avoiding Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 79

Based solely on their BMI, how many of the following people are at risk for health-related diseases: Dick, BMI = 20; Flick, BMI = 40; Hick, BMI = 60; Nick, BMI = 80?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 80

The biggest point of contention among theories who view intelligence as multidimensional concerns the debate over

A) the number of abilities that underlie intelligence.
B) the degree to which race determines intelligence.
C) which single aspect of intellect specifically defines intelligence.
D) whether an individual's level of intelligence can be measured.