Deck 13: Making It in Midlife: The Biopsychosocial Challenges of Middle Adulthood

Question 1

As Dr. Benton is looking at an X-ray of bones in your leg, his comment, ___________, would indicate that you may have osteoporosis.

A) "I see less mass than normal"
B) "I see excessive encapsulation"
C) "I see a significant increase in density"
D) "I see very little plaque"

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Forty-five-year-old Claire stopped menstruating some time ago. She is disappointed because she really wanted to have more children. What would a competent physician tell her?

A) "Sorry, your childbearing days are now behind you."
B) "Just stop taking hormones and you could get pregnant again."
C) "It may be possible for you to have more children via in vitro fertilization."
D) "If you do HRT, you have a good chance of getting pregnant."

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Forty-five-year-old Marilyn, who is very concerned about osteoporosis, seeks medical advice from her physician. Which advice would her physician be least likely to give?

A) "Let's try increasing your alcohol consumption."
B) "Let's try increasing your estrogen level."
C) "Let's try increasing your exercise rate."
D) "Let's try increasing your calcium consumption."

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Misha often experiences severe swelling and joint pain in her fingers and wrists each morning. This pattern of symptoms is most likely due to

A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) osteoarthritis.
C) the climacteric.
D) osteoporosis.

Question 5

Fifty-year-old Esmeralda has been a heavy smoker since her youth. In addition, she lives in a sunny climate and always has a deep tan. You would expect that she has ____ than most other people her age.

A) more gray hair
B) a larger middle-aged bulge
C) more wrinkles
D) less hair

Question 6

One difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis is that

A) osteoarthritis is not painful.
B) osteoarthritis typically occurs in adolescence.
C) there is more swelling of the joints in rheumatoid arthritis.
D) women are more likely to be affected by rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 7

Who is at the greatest risk of currently experiencing osteoporosis?

A) Martha, who is a 20-year-old female
B) George, who is a 30-year-old male
C) Mary, who is a 60-year-old female
D) Abe, who is a 70-year-old male

Question 8

The defining element of "the climacteric" involves the loss of

A) the natural ability to produce children.
B) cancer-fighting agents.
C) emotional stability.
D) blood flow through the circulatory system.

Question 9

How are menopause and the climacteric related?

A) Menopause typically ends right before the climacteric.
B) The climacteric typically ends right before menopause.
C) Menopause occurs during the climacteric.
D) Menopause and the climacteric are unrelated.

Question 10

Osteoporosis is best thought of as involving a loss of bone

A) brittleness.
B) porousness.
C) hormones.
D) mass.

Question 11

Sixty-year-old Wendell is being examined by his physician. Wendell's symptoms include joint pain that has gradually increased. When his doctor says, "Your pain is due to the damage to your cartilage caused by severe use over your lifetime," you should correctly conclude that Wendell will be diagnosed with

A) the climacteric.
B) rheumatoid arthritis.
C) osteoporosis.
D) osteoarthritis.

Question 12

Rheumatoid arthritis _____ osteoarthritis.

A) is another name for
B) impacts different joints than
C) always precedes
D) is a noninflammatory version of

Question 13

Which is best characterized as a "wear-and-tear" disease?

A) Osteoporosis
B) Osteoarthritis
C) Rheumatoid arthritis
D) Menopause

Question 14

Which statement concerning rheumatoid arthritis is true?

A) Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis need to avoid aspirin.
B) Rheumatoid arthritis is inherited.
C) Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis come and go.
D) Rheumatoid arthritis affects large joints (e.g., hips) but not small joints (e.g., fingers).

Question 15

Connie is a knowledgeable individual so when her physician tells her that she will be put on a biophosphonate, Connie realizes that she most likely has

A) menopause.
B) high blood pressure.
C) cancer.
D) osteoporosis.

Question 16

While at a checkup, 40-year-old Betty listens as her physician, Dr. White, describes Betty's current health. Which of Dr. White's statements would suggest that Betty is experiencing the climacteric?

A) "Do genetic disorders run in your family?"
B) "I hope that you have all the children you want."
C) "The loss of memory will be slow but significant."
D) "Some of your blood cells have begun to alter their shape."

Question 17

The metabolic slowdown common to individuals in their early 30s and mid-50s will lead to ____ in many males.

A) gray hair
B) a middle-aged bulge
C) wrinkles
D) hair loss

Question 18

The rate of osteoporosis is directly affected by the metabolism rate of vitamin

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.

Question 19

As women reach the climacteric, their menstruation cycles

A) continue regularly for the remainder of their lives.
B) become irregular and gradually stop altogether.
C) become more and more irregular, but they never completely stop.
D) stop all at once.

Question 20

_____ is the leading cause of broken bones in older women.

A) Osteoarthritis
B) Rheumatoid arthritis
C) Osteoporosis
D) Car accidents

Question 21

In 2008, a 70-year-old woman gave birth to a baby that was conceived through

A) an egg from a surrogate mother.
B) hormone replacement therapy.
C) artificial insemination.
D) in vitro fertilization.

Question 22

Who is likely to experience the most job-related stress?

A) Tina, who has complete control over her job
B) Lena, who has moderate control over her job
C) Katrina, who has some control over her job
D) Deena, who has no control over her job

Question 23

Compared to the average middle-aged man, the average middle-aged woman tends to

A) rate stressful experiences less negatively and to report more stress in family areas.
B) rate stressful experiences more negatively and to report more stress in family areas.
C) rate stressful experiences less negatively and to report more stress in financial areas.
D) rate stressful experiences more negatively and to report more stress in financial areas.

Question 24

For Beth, menopause just ended. Which change should she expect?

A) Enlarged vaginal walls
B) Enlarged external genitalia
C) Reduced vaginal lubrication
D) Reduced possibility of painful intercourse

Question 25

Shelly is a 46-year-old woman whose menstrual cycle has changed and is now more irregular and infrequent. Which term best describes Shelly's condition?

A) Menopause
B) Midlife crisis
C) Perimenopause
D) Encapsulated

Question 26

As a typical middle-aged male, Rasheed will most likely experience

A) a brief increase in sperm production.
B) a shorter resolution phase.
C) a prostate gland that becomes enlarged.
D) more perceived demand to ejaculate.

Question 27

For which occupation would you expect the least stress-related health problems?

A) Social worker
B) CEO of a computer company
C) Truck driver
D) Waiter

Question 28

Analyzing how a person thinks about her job and how that job situation ends up affecting the individual both psychologically and physically would be an example of an application of the

A) encapsulation pattern.
B) Type A behavior pattern.
C) stress and coping paradigm.
D) generativity versus stagnation paradigm.

Question 29

Results from the Women's Health Initiative study begun in 1991 revealed that the risk for _____ decreased in those taking estrogen plus progestin.

A) hip fractures
B) blood clots
C) breast cancer
D) heart attack

Question 30

Tom has always wanted to be a father but has not yet found an acceptable partner. He is now 35 years old, healthy, and beginning to be concerned about how much longer he will remain fertile. When he asks his doctor about this, his doctor tells him that he will probably be capable of fathering a child

A) until he is about 45 years old.
B) until he is about 65 years old.
C) until he is about 85 years old.
D) for the rest of his life.

Question 31

The text notes that in _____, "menopausal syndrome" is thought to be the result of women with too much time on their hands.

A) Japan
B) Iraq
C) Nigeria
D) Chile

Question 32

Yasmin is told that she will be taking selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). What medical condition is most likely being treated?

A) High blood pressure
B) Menopause
C) Breast cancer
D) Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 33

The primary reason that elderly women show a decline in sexual activity involves

A) a normal physiological lack of interest.
B) failure to achieve orgasm.
C) the lack of a willing or appropriate partner.
D) pain associated with vaginal changes.

Question 34

The loss of an available partner in older age

A) is a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for both men and women.
B) is a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for men but not for women.
C) is a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for women but not for men.
D) is not a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for men or women.

Question 35

Declining levels of estrogen typically do not increase the risk of

A) osteoporosis.
B) memory loss.
C) weight loss.
D) cardiovascular disease.

Question 36

Some males experience an age-related decline in ____ resulting in menopause-like symptoms.

A) testosterone
B) dopamine
C) estrogen
D) progestin

Question 37

Which are hormonal-related symptoms of menopause?

A) Poor respiration and hot flashes
B) Hot flashes and vaginal dryness
C) Vaginal dryness and joint stiffness
D) Joint stiffness and poor respiration

Question 38

The stress and coping paradigm focuses on the interactive relationship between

A) person and environment.
B) mind and body.
C) hormones and neurotransmitters.
D) family and work.

Question 39

Albine's physician has just informed her that she will need to begin hormone replacement therapy. In addition to estrogen, what hormone should Albine expect to be replaced?

A) Dopamine
B) Testosterone
C) Serotonin
D) Progesterone

Question 40

Which appears to best explain the reason that Asian-American women report the fewest menopausal symptoms?

A) They have genetically higher levels of estrogen
B) Their small stature creates less pressure on bones and joints
C) They use alternative medications
D) They are the most likely to use HRT

Question 41

Tabitha often gets frustrated. She honks her horn and yells at other drivers and will throw her racket if she gets beat playing tennis. Tabitha would probably be best described as

A) Type A.
B) generative.
C) Type B.
D) conscientious.

Question 42

Max engages in regular aerobic exercise. Relative to those who do not exercise, Max is likely to

A) be more depressed.
B) function better cognitively.
C) show inhibited oxygen consumption.
D) have higher blood pressure.

Question 43

Type A is to Type B as

A) set is to subset.
B) hassle is to appraisal.
C) intense is to calm.
D) introversion is to extroversion.

Question 44

Research on Type A and Type B personalities provides support for the notion that

A) psychological factors can be related to physical health.
B) neurotransmitters are important determinants of behavior.
C) sociocultural factors such as television can make life more stressful.
D) elderly individuals are just as prone to stress as younger people.

Question 45

Which personality variable is most associated with cardiovascular disease?

A) Extroversion
B) Type A
C) Type B
D) Generativity

Question 46

Joy reads a note on her desk that says, "Joy, come to my office immediately. Signed, The Boss." Joy immediately interprets this message as a threat to her job and her livelihood and is not sure she can deal with it. Joy's interpretation of this note exemplifies

A) coping.
B) an appraisal.
C) stagnation.
D) filial obligation.

Question 47

What appears to be the main reason why your Type A or Type B behavioral pattern influences your recovery rate following a heart attack?

A) It is a good predictor of the type of genetic factors known to cause future attacks.
B) It affects how much physicians like being around you when you are a patient.
C) It appears to influence your motivation to follow post-attack health suggestions.
D) The two types vary by sex, as do recovery rates.

Question 48

Sylvester has a Type A behavior pattern and Stallone has a Type B behavior pattern. Which statement is true?

A) Stallone has a greater risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease.
B) Stallone likely has a much higher cholesterol count.
C) Sylvester is more likely to be a smoker.
D) Sylvester has a better recovery prognosis following a heart attack.

Question 49

If there were a phrase that would describe Stacy, it would be "laid back." She rarely gets frustrated or angry, could care less about "climbing the corporate ladder," and is satisfied taking "life as it comes." Stacy is best described as exhibiting

A) neuroticism.
B) Type B behavior.
C) stagnation.
D) Type A behavior.

Question 50

Dr. Zorba is giving 44-year-old Annette an intelligence test. Annette finds that she really likes answering the questions because they seem to be based on her life experiences. Dr. Zorba is most likely attempting to assess Annette's

A) practical intelligence.
B) generativity.
C) ego resilience.
D) fluid intelligence.

Question 51

Coping is defined as

A) any attempt to deal with stress.
B) any attempt to deal with stress that is repeated on at least two occasions.
C) any rational attempt to deal with stress.
D) any successful attempt to deal with stress.

Question 52

A person's maximum heart rate is calculated by subtracting his or her age from

A) 100.
B) 160.
C) 220.
D) 280.

Question 53

Aerobic exercise is defined as a pulse rate between ____ percent of a person's maximum rate.

A) 40-70
B) 50-80
C) 60-90
D) 70-100

Question 54

Which runner is engaging in aerobic exercise?

A) John, a 20-year-old whose heart rate is 210
B) Denver, a 40-year-old whose heart rate is 100
C) Sean, a 50-year-old whose heart rate is 130
D) Austin, a 90 years old whose heart rate is 50

Question 55

Stress has been shown to decrease

A) angina.
B) cholesterol levels.
C) risk for irritable bowel syndrome.
D) estrogen levels.

Question 56

Exercise

A) is not related to physical health.
B) can significantly slow the aging process.
C) is beneficial to health but does not affect the aging process.
D) should be avoided by people over 50 years old.

Question 57

Though Elsa does not score particularly high on traditional intelligence tests, she is very good at understanding income tax forms, can deal well with all different kinds of people, and is a good troubleshooter around the home and office. Elsa exhibits

A) Type B behavior.
B) fluid intelligence.
C) high unexercised ability.
D) practical intelligence.

Question 58

____ intelligence is defined as involving the skills and knowledge necessary for adapting to one's physical and social environment.

A) Fluid
B) Traditional
C) Practical
D) Unexercised

Question 59

Which statement is true?

A) Low levels of self-esteem predict low levels of stress
B) High levels of self-esteem predict low levels of stress
C) High levels of self-esteem predict high levels of stress
D) Stress and self-esteem are unrelated concepts

Question 60

Heather is experiencing a great deal of stress. She has tried relaxation training, thinking about life events in a different way, and even talking to her friends. All of these strategies are best classified as attempts at

A) repression.
B) coping.
C) stagnation.
D) appraisal.

Question 61

The ____ of intelligence is most likely to be affected by the culture in which you were raised.

A) process of thinking
B) mechanics
C) information processing
D) pragmatics

Question 62

When confronted with a problem in his relationships with his wife, Frank scoffs it off, saying "Ahhh, that's not really an issue... it will work itself out." This is probably best classified as

A) a cognitive analysis.
B) avoidant thinking.
C) passive-dependent behavior.
D) problem-focused action.

Question 63

How is expert problem-solving different from problem-solving by a novice?

A) Novices are more curious
B) Experts come to solutions faster
C) Novices follow fewer rules
D) Experts demonstrate less flexibility in thought

Question 64

Which term does not belong with the rest?

A) Pragmatics of intelligence
B) Mechanics of intelligence
C) Psychological force impact on intelligence
D) Sociocultural force impact on intelligence

Question 65

Expert performance tends to peak ____ and ____.

A) in young adulthood; drop off significantly thereafter
B) in young adulthood; drop off slightly thereafter
C) in middle adulthood; drop off significantly thereafter
D) in middle adulthood; drop off slightly thereafter

Question 66

In most people, practical intelligence

A) begins to decline appreciably in young adulthood.
B) begins to decline appreciably in middle age.
C) begins to decline appreciably in old age.
D) never declines.

Question 67

Mechanics of intelligence is to pragmatics of intelligence as

A) thoughts are to hormones.
B) Type A is to Type B.
C) fluid is to crystallized.
D) real life is to theoretical

Question 68

Dharma is upset with the lack of manners her husband Greg displays while eating, so she looks away or leaves the table each time her husband behaves this way. Dharma's response is best classified as

A) a cognitive analysis.
B) passive-dependent.
C) avoidant thinking.
D) problem-focused action.

Question 69

The mechanics of intelligence best fits with which description?

A) Experienced-based
B) Neurophysiological
C) Content-rich
D) Culturally dependent

Question 70

Which best exemplifies a sociocultural impact on intelligence?

A) Learning how to drive by practicing driving
B) Americans who fear those from the Middle East following the 9/11 attacks
C) An increase in synaptic connections that results in a higher test score
D) Learning to cook by reading a cookbook

Question 71

Which would best be classified as an instrumental task?

A) Taking an IQ test
B) Teaching at a college
C) Climbing Mount Everest
D) Driving to work

Question 72

The "biological process of thinking" would be best associated with

A) neuroticism.
B) the mechanics of intelligence.
C) cultural influences.
D) the pragmatics of intelligence.

Question 73

McGuyver is trapped in a room with seemingly no way out. While contemplating his escape, he thinks about how part of the bed in the room could be used to make a helicopter. This practical thought is best classified as

A) problem-focused action.
B) a cognitive analysis.
C) avoidant thinking.
D) denial.

Question 74

According to research by Blanchard-Fields (2007), _____ would be most likely to be dealt with via avoidance-denial by middle-aged adults.

A) death of a spouse
B) buying groceries
C) mowing the lawn
D) writing a thank you note

Question 75

Which is the best example of a measure of practical intelligence?

A) The MMPI
B) The Stanford-Binet
C) Knowing how to balance a checkbook
D) Knowing the square root of every number less than 100

Question 76

Based on research, which of the following statements best summarizes how middle-aged adults solve problems?

A) Middle-aged adults solve all problems with a problem-focused approach.
B) Middle-aged adults solve all problems with a passive-dependent approach.
C) Middle-aged adults solve problems similarly regardless of the emotional issues involved.
D) Middle-aged adults solve problems differently depending on the type of problem.

Question 77

Paula is an expert on the history of rock music while Donald is a novice. This means that Paula ____ than Donald.

A) is less curious about rock music
B) is more intelligent
C) uses more steps in the thinking process when coming up with answers about rock music
D) is more effective at determining correct solutions concerning rock music

Question 78

Who is most likely to deal with an instrumental problem using a problem-focused strategy?

A) 10-year-old Buddy
B) 20-year-old Holly
C) 30-year-old Ray
D) 40-year-old Charles

Question 79

Which describes the normal pattern of pragmatics and mechanics intelligence development between ages 25 and 70?

A) Both pragmatics and mechanics increase with age
B) Both pragmatics and mechanics decrease with age
C) Pragmatics remains constant while mechanics decreases
D) Mechanics remains constant while pragmatics decreases

Question 80

What description does not accurately describe the skills that people with high practical intelligence have?

A) People with higher practical intelligence come up with more efficient ways to solve problems in daily life.
B) People with higher practical intelligence are able to deal with change more quickly.
C) People with higher practical intelligence are able to persuade people to change the way they do things.
D) People with higher practical intelligence plan more effectively to prevent problems.