Deck 12: Work: Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood.

Question 1

Burnout caused by the dual demands of family and occupational responsibilities is more likely to impact women.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The glass ceiling is to women as the glass cliff is to men.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In the 21st century, men are still starting home-based businesses at a rate that is much higher than women.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Backup care involves having one spouse take off a day of work to care for children when the other is unable to do so.

Question 5

Job satisfaction is not a singular quality of work, but rather is a multifaceted characteristic that is affected by such factors as hope, resilience, optimism, and self-efficacy.​

Question 6

Even in today's world, many men are still unwilling to do chores that they regard as "women's work" in the home.

Question 7

Alienated employees tend to experience an enormous level of mental, physical, and emotional exhaustion as a result of their work.​

Question 8

Women who choose nontraditional occupations and are successful in them tend to be viewed negatively compared with similarly successful men.​

Question 9

When one is managing an occupational transition, (s)he should be wary of stopgap employment.

Question 10

Meaning-mission fit refers to the alignment between an executive's personal intentions and the firm's mission.​

Question 11

Across ethnic groups, European American women participate the most in the workforce, and African American women participate the least.

Question 12

Recognizing the inequity in pay scales between men and women in the United States is the first step in reducing it.

Question 13

The social cognitive career theory (SCCT) is based, in part, on Bandura's concept of self-efficacy.​

Question 14

Of women caring for parents or parents-in-law, more than 80% of them provide an average of 23 hours of care each week.​

Question 15

According to the United States Supreme Court, age discrimination in the workplace cannot be alleged unless the victim is over 50 years of age.​

Question 16

The meaning that most people driver from work includes two factors-the money that they can earn and the possibility of personal growth.​

Question 17

Vallerand's (2008) model proposes three different kinds of work-related passion-obsessive, harmonious, and vocational passion.

Question 18

Providing retraining opportunities is a highly effective way to counteract career plateauing.

Question 19

Strangely enough, research has found that those who are unemployed often experience less stress than those who are actively involved in their career.​

Question 20

Reality shock often occurs when college graduates find that the information they acquired in college overprepared them for their first real job.​

Question 21

The more simple form of the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) is to the more complex form, as ____ factors is to ____ factors.

A) ​three; five
B) four; six​
C) two; seven​
D) ​five; eight

Question 22

Serving as a mentor has helped Jaclyn feel like she's contributed significantly to the long-term success of the organization. This role has helped her fulfill aspects of Erikson's phase of​

A) ​identity.
B) basic trust.​
C) generativity.​
D) intimacy.​

Question 23

Your authors suggest that reality shock in the workplace is a phenomenon that​

A) ​is decreased when one earns at least one graduate degree.
B) affects women far more than men.​
C) is only prevalent in "skill" occupations.​
D) happens to everyone.​

Question 24

Laurence is going to be a personal trainer when he graduates from college. If you wanted to reduce the reality shock that he will experience when he gets his first real job, what would you advise him to do?

A) ​seek out an internship or a practicum experience to get some experience in the field
B) get a Master's degree before going into the workplace​
C) take a double major so he will have a better back-up plan for another career​
D) study textbooks beyond those required by his college professors to get a more "real world" sense of what to expect​

Question 25

Mitch recently graduated from law school and has been hired by a prestigious firm. In his first few days he is paired with Avery, a partner in the firm. Avery works with Mitch, gives him increasing amounts of responsibility, and makes sure that Mitch receives credit for his strong work. In this case, Avery is serving as a(n) ____.​

A) ​supervisor
B) mentor​
C) vocational partner​
D) reality shock buffer​

Question 26

Jocelyn is an executive with a corporate headhunting company. She takes great personal pleasure in helping talented workers find jobs where they will be likely to have success, and this personal interest aligns perfectly with the goals of her company. This ____ fit will probably lead to more concern about employee happiness, and more job satisfaction, and emotional well-being.

A) ​stress-adaption
B) investment-exchange​
C) ​occupation-personal
D) meaning-mission​

Question 27

One's belief in one's own abilities refers to the ____ component of the social cognitive career theory.

A) ​outcome expectations
B) ​self-efficacy
C) interests​
D) choice goals​

Question 28

Two theories of occupational choice have influenced research. One, by ____, suggested that people choose occupations that are consistent with their own individual traits, such as personality, intelligence, skills, and abilities.​

A) ​Holland
B) Super​
C) Gottfredson​
D) Bandura​

Question 29

Research has found that people from the generation called ____ tend to view traditional organizations with cynicism and mistrust.

A) ​the "generation Xers"
B) the baby boomers​
C) the millennials​
D) the helicopters​

Question 30

Ernest has been working in the same job for just over six years. Lately he has come to understand that he will not be able to become a senior executive in his firm because he lacks the educational requirements to do so. What is Ernest most likely do in this situation?

A) ​He will stay in the same position, recognizing that he is lucky to have a job.
B) He will modify his career goals.​
C) He will petition his superiors to change their requirements.​
D) He will reduce his work productivity to "balance" his perception of unfairness.​

Question 31

How are mentoring and generativity related?​

A) ​Mentoring is one avenue for achieving generativity.
B) Generativity greatly reduces the need for mentoring.​
C) Individuals who mentor are less likely to express generativity.​
D) Mentoring is done by the employee, and generativity is done by the employer.​

Question 32

What is the relationship between a person's specific occupation and their need to derive meaning from their work?

A) ​Specific occupation has no effect on one's need to derive meaning from their work.
B) People in white-collar occupations tend to work just for the pay, while people in blue-collar occupations work to establish a sense of meaning.​
C) People in blue-collar occupations tend to work just for the pay, while people in white-collar occupations work to establish a sense of meaning.​
D) Most people, including white-collar and blue-collar works, report that they only work for the compensation and the necessities they can by with their pay, and that deriving meaning from their work is not very important to them.​

Question 33

A study by Perrone and colleagues (2010) asked high school students who were identified as being academically talented to predict their career outcomes. What was the finding when those same students were examined between 10 and 20 years later?

A) ​Students' predictions had very poor accuracy.
B) Students tended to underpredict their level of occupational success.​
C) Students tended to overpredict their level of occupational success.​
D) Students' predictions were surprisingly accurate.​

Question 34

Katie has just graduated from college and has taken an entry-level position with a business firm. She has experienced a high level of frustration in her first six months of work, as she has discovered that what she learned in college does not transfer very well to the demands and responsibilities of her job. This experience is called ____.

A) ​vocational awakening
B) burnout​
C) reality shock​
D) occupational disillusionment​

Question 35

Martina has been studying the social cognitive career theory of job selection, and has mastered her understanding of the simple form of this theory. She is now going to work on understanding the more complex SCCT. Which additional variables will she have to read about?​

A) ​self-efficacy and outcome expectations
B) barriers and supports​
C) institutions and individuals​
D) interests and choice goals​

Question 36

According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the four common meanings people derive from work?​

A) ​developing self
B) union with others​
C) economic independence​
D) serving others​

Question 37

In his mystical work, The Prophet, which author suggested that "work is love made visible?"

A) ​Kahlil Gibran
B) ​Studs Terkel
C) ​Aristotle
D) ​Dante Alighieri

Question 38

A mentor, or a(n) ____ coach, is part teacher, part sponsor, part model, and part counselor who facilitates on-the-job learning to help the new hire do the work required in his or her present role and to prepare for future roles.

A) ​guidance
B) on-the-job​
C) vocational​
D) executive​

Question 39

____-mission fit refers to the alignment between an executive's personal intentions and their firm's mission.​

A) ​Occupation
B) Value​
C) Intention​
D) Meaning​

Question 40

Dr. Rhodes is teaching his students about career selection. "The concept of self-efficacy, as first proposed by Bandura, has a large amount of influence over the careers that people ultimately select." Dr. Rhodes is clearly a proponent of the ____ theory of job choice.

A) ​personality theory
B) social cognitive career​
C) career rainbow​
D) golden parachute​

Question 41

Approximately ____ percent of all women over the age of 16 in the United States of America are working.​

A) ​35
B) 60​
C) 75​
D) 90​

Question 42

Harry is about to finish his college degree, and he is worried that he'll never find a job that will make him happy. He hears people complaining about their work all of the time, and wonders if he is destined to wake up every day for the next 40 years dreading going to work. Based on the chapter you've read, what would you advise him?

A) ​As long as he studied hard in college, he'll probably be happy with his occupation.
B) Most people eventually find a job in which they are reasonably happy.​
C) He is probably correct, but he will only have to work eight hours a day.​
D) If he is happy with his home life, he will probably be happy with his work.​

Question 43

Noel is sitting on his sofa one night, looking absolutely miserable. His wife asks if he is okay, and he says, "I am just so physically and mentally exhausted from work that I don't know what to do anymore. It has taken such an emotional toll on me that I don't even want to go in tomorrow." Noel is suffering from ____.​

A) ​marginalization
B) disillusionment​
C) alienation​
D) ​burnout

Question 44

Klasen, Usher, and Bong studied teachers from three different countries to assess their levels of job satisfaction. These included all but which of the following countries?​

A) ​The United States of America
B) Mexico​
C) Canada​
D) ​Korea

Question 45

Which of the following individuals would be MOST LIKELY to experience job-related burnout?​

A) ​Marvin, who works as a college librarian.
B) Ron, who performs as a magician four or five nights each week.​
C) Tom, who is a pediatrician.​
D) Alfred, who is a clerk at an electronics store.​

Question 46

Generally speaking, Klash, Usher, and Bong found that a teacher's ____ was highly related to his/her level of job satisfaction.​

A) ​number of students
B) salary level​
C) years in their occupation​
D) sense of self-efficacy​

Question 47

Vallerand (2008) proposes a model that distinguishes between two different kinds of passion: ____ and ____.​

A) ​satisfactory; unsatisfactory
B) utilitarian; utopian​
C) ​obsessive; harmonious
D) ​occupational; vocational

Question 48

If Zack is like the alienated workers interviewed in Terkel's (1974) classic study, he would most likely describe himself as a

A) ​"ghost in the machine of industry."
B) "cog in a faceless machine of industry."​
C) "machine head."​
D) "warrior ready to rage against the machine."​

Question 49

Charlotte is a working woman in the United States. Statistically, she belongs to the ethnic group that has the highest workforce participation rate. Charlotte is most likely to be​

A) ​African American.
B) ​European American.
C) Asian American.​
D) ​Latina.

Question 50

If you were told that research suggests that those in white-collar occupations generally experience an increase in job satisfaction with age, while those in blue-collar occupations do not, you should assume that these findings apply to​

A) ​women but not men.
B) ​men but not women.
C) ​both men and women.
D) ​neither men nor women.

Question 51

Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement regarding the quality of one's mentor?

A) ​The only way a successful worker can be a poor mentor is if (s)he does not care about the success of their protégé.
B) There is no such thing as a bad mentor, only a bad protégé.​
C) Having no mentor is better than having a poor mentor.​
D) Having a poor mentor is better than having no mentor at all.​

Question 52

Job ____ refers to the positive feelings that result from an appraisal of one's work.​

A) ​turnover
B) quality​
C) satisfactoriness​
D) satisfaction​

Question 53

Women represent roughly ____ percent of the workforce in the United States of America.​

A) ​47
B) 38​
C) 65​
D) 20​

Question 54

Researchers have found that certain personal characteristics are positively associated with job satisfaction. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?​

A) ​hope
B) resilience​
C) optimism​
D) affiliation​

Question 55

Obsessive passion is to harmonious passion as​

A) ​family behavior is to occupational behavior.
B) occupational behavior is to family behavior.​
C) "choose to" is to "have to."​
D) "have to" is to "choose to."​

Question 56

Why is it that obsessive passion leads to difficulties in one's relationships?

A) ​Because it leads others in the person's life to feel continually criticized.
B) Because obsessive passion interferes with the mentor/protégé relationship.​
C) Because the individual cannot disengage fully from thoughts about the specific activity for which they have the passion.​
D) Because such passion prevents burnout, which in turn leads to very little "mental energy" being left for others in the person's life.​

Question 57

If he is like most alienated workers, Rocky would be most likely to explain his feelings about his job by saying,​

A) ​"I feel guilty for getting paid so much for doing so little."
B) "Nothing that I do at work really matters."​
C) "My mentor does not help me at all."​
D) "Most days on the job I really like my responsibilities."​

Question 58

A worker described as ____ would feel devalued.

A) ​alienated
B) burned out​
C) plateauing​
D) ​generative

Question 59

____ is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion that results from job stress.​

A) ​Marginalization
B) Disillusionment​
C) ​Alienation
D) ​Burnout

Question 60

A strong inclination toward an activity that individuals like (or even love), that they value and find important, and in which they invest time or energy is called ____.

A) ​satisfactoriness
B) engagement​
C) ​passion
D) ​vocational impulse

Question 61

Women's workforce participation is often discontinuous. Which of the following is a barrier that contributes to this pattern?​

A) ​organizational downsizing that targets women employees​
B) inability to find affordable and dependable child care​​
C) organizational emphasis on collaborative efforts​​
D) inability to find work appropriate to their level of education​​

Question 62

A glass ____ is a situation that women confront in which their leadership position is precarious.​

A) ​cliff
B) mountain​
C) house​
D) ceiling​

Question 63

A study of occupational selection by men and women that was conducted in India found that when a man and woman held the same position, the man was likely to earn higher "respectability" ratings from​

A) ​other men but not women.
B) both other men and women.​
C) ​women but not other men.
D) neither other men nor women.​

Question 64

The existence of a glass ceiling has been used to explain why ____ do not advance as much in their careers as European men.​

A) ​Asian American women
B) ​Latino men
C) Native Americans and Middle Easterners​
D) African Americans and Asian Americans​

Question 65

Ramsha, a 27-year-old Iranian American, works in a major white-collar occupation. She is most likely to feel positively toward her job if

A) ​her company is responsive to the needs of both herself and other ethnic minorities.
B) she is paired with a male mentor who will show her how to "survive"​
C) she takes off three to six months when she has a child.​
D) she is put in charge of a team so that she can feel a sense of superiority.​

Question 66

When a job is awarded or denied to a person solely on the basis of whether they are a man or a woman, gender ____ has occurred.​

A) ​discrimination
B) prejudice​
C) inequity​
D) ​burnout

Question 67

In her book Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead, Sheryl Sandberg argues that the reason women do not rise to the top in the corporate world is due to women​

A) ​not really wanting to work.
B) not speaking up enough.​
C) setting too many boundaries.​
D) being unqualified for these positions.​

Question 68

In the corporate world, female professionals tend to leave their jobs for one of two major reasons. Which of the following is one of them?

A) ​feeling overly-connected, and therefore dependent, on the workplace
B) feeling that sexual harassment is ignored and, in most cases, encouraged​
C) feeling that the company idealizes and rewards masculine work values​
D) feeling that their family needs them more than their career does​

Question 69

At a local university, there is an opening for the Dean of Students. Of the four final applicants for the job, three are men and one is a woman. After the interviews are conducted, the selection committee (who happens to be made up entirely of men) discusses each applicant. One committee member comments that he "wouldn't want to see an overly emotional person" in charge of their students. This could indicate that ____ is taking place.

A) ​gender discrimination
B) ageism​
C) a glass cliff​
D) a glass ceiling​

Question 70

Which of the following countries has consistently had the lowest participation rate of women in its workforce?​

A) ​Japan
B) The Netherlands​
C) Germany​
D) ​Italy

Question 71

Mr. French has been denied a job as a nanny solely because he is a male. This provides an example of​

A) ​gender discrimination.
B) sexual harassment.​
C) burnout.​
D) alienation.​

Question 72

Jean is an exceptionally qualified executive and entered the company at the same time as other employees, all of whom are male. In the six years since they were all hired, Jean has outperformed each of her colleagues, but they have all been promoted several levels above her. Jean is getting frustrated by this ____, which seems to be preventing her from advancing any higher in the company.

A) ​glass ceiling
B) ​gender cliff
C) sexual ceiling​
D) ​glass cliff

Question 73

Most women prefer to work for companies or organizations that value​

A) ​individuality.
B) self-sufficiency.​
C) rationality.​
D) collaboration.​

Question 74

In which ethnic group would you be most likely to see women entering "nontraditional" occupations?

A) ​There is no difference across different ethnic groups.
B) African American and Asian American​
C) European American and Latina​
D) Native American and Middle Eastern​

Question 75

Beatrice is an elementary school principle, a job she has held for four years. She was born in 1971, and relates very well to the parents of most of the children in her school. Beatrice is​

A) ​a member of the Lost generation.
B) a Millennial.​
C) ​a Baby Boomer.
D) a member of Generation X.​

Question 76

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in the U.S., women are paid about ____ percent of what men are paid on an average annual basis.

A) ​62
B) 54​
C) 71​
D) ​80

Question 77

Sharlene is a working woman in the United States. She works in the profession that is most dominated by women, as more than 95% of those in the field are female. What is her occupation?​

A) ​event planning
B) construction​
C) social work​
D) speech pathologist​

Question 78

Of the following individuals, who has been affected by a glass cliff?​

A) ​Marvin, who has been put in charge of revitalizing a pharmaceutical company after a large-scale, public recall of its primary product
B) Yolanda, who has been given a department to run that has an employee who is known to be somewhat difficult to get along with
C) ​Helen, who has been named CEO of a company just as it is entering Chapter 11 bankruptcy
D) ​Lonnie, whose colleagues have written letters to his boss insisting that he be given a promotion, even though he has not caused a conflict over having been passed over the job

Question 79

Sarah has been struggling against a glass ceiling at work. Which of the following job-level transitions is she probably having the most difficulty overcoming?

A) ​low-level to high-level positions
B) medium-level to high-level positions​
C) low-level to medium-level positions​
D) entry-level to low-level positions​

Question 80

Why is it that more and more women are exploring the option of starting a home-based business?

A) ​Women who have home-based businesses have more family support than women who start businesses outside of the home.
B) Most women do not have the education, skills, and ambition to start a business outside of the home.​
C) Such businesses help balance employment needs with home life.​
D) Home-based businesses are far more profitable than storefront businesses.​