Deck 14: Urinary System

Question 1

The renin-angiotensin system is controlled by the

A) Afferent arteriole
B) Bowman's capsule
C) Glomerulus
D) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
E) Loop of Henle

Answer 1

D
Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 2

Urine enters the minor calyces from the

A) Hilum
B) Major calyces
C) Renal columns
D) Renal papillae
E) Renal pelvis

Answer 2

D
Renal papillae

Question 3

Each renal corpuscle receives blood directly from which of the following vessels?

A) Afferent arteriole
B) Arcuate artery
C) Efferent arteriole
D) Interlobar artery
E) Interlobular artery

Answer 3

A
Afferent arteriole

Question 4

Decreased salt concentration results in all of the following EXCEPT
A) Aldosterone secretion

A) Paracrine secretion from macula densa cells
B) Renin secretion from juxtaglomerular cells
C) Vasodilation
D) Water reabsorption in the distal tubule

Question 5

The loop of Henle
A) Comprises the macula densa

A) Descends into the renal medulla
B) Is lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium
C) Is the longest section of the renal tubule
D) Is where glomerular filtrate is produced

Question 6

Simple cuboidal epithelium containing long microvilli lines the
A) Bowman's capsule

A) Collecting duct
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 7

Fenestrated capillaries compose which part of the nephron?

A) Bowman's capsule
B) Distal thick segment
C) Glomerulus
D) Loop of Henle
E) Proximal thick segment

Question 8

After walking through the desert
A) Additional water is reabsorbed in the distal thick segment and collecting duct

A) Aldosterone increases the amount of water that moves through the renal tubule
B) Osmotic pressure in the renal tubule decreases
C) Urine is relatively dilute
D) Water is actively transported in the proximal thick segment

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the juxtaglomerular apparatus is incorrect?
A) Afferent arteriole cells are modified to become macula densa cells

A) Cells of the macula densa are taller and narrower than normal
B) The juxtaglomular apparatus helps regulate blood pressure
C) The juxtaglomular apparatus is partly composed of modified cells from the distal thick segment
D) Juxtaglomerular cells are modified smooth muscle cells

Question 10

All of the following statements about the distal thick segment of the renal tubule are true EXCEPT
A) It does not have a brush border

A) It empties into the collecting duct
B) It excretes sodium ions and absorbs potassium ions
C) It has a larger diameter than the loop of Henle
D) It is impermeable to water outside the presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 11

Podocytes comstitute the ____ of the renal corpuscle
A) Basal lamina

A) Glomerulus
B) Inner visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
C) Mesangium
D) Outer parietal layer of Bowman's capsule

Question 12

Following filtration, most water and solutes are reabsorbed in the

A) Bowman's capsule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Glomerulus
D) Loop of Henle
E) Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 13

Urine flows from the major calyx directly to which kidney structure?

A) Minor calyx
B) Nephron
C) Renal papillae
D) Renal pelvis
E) Ureter

Question 14

Structural support in the renal corpuscle is provided by the
A) Basal lamina

A) Filtration slit diaphragms
B) Mesangium
C) Pedicles
D) Podocytes