Deck 4: Civil Rights

Question 1

​Which of the following is not a means of conventional participation?

A) Voting​
B) ​Petitions
C) ​Class action lawsuits
D) ​Protests

Answer 1

D

Question 2

​Since the Gratz and Grutter decisions, affirmative action is allowed in what two instances?

A) ​To remedy past discrimination and to promote diversity in the workplace
B) ​To remediate earlier judicial decisions and to promote diversity in a school setting
C) ​To remedy past discrimination and to promote diversity in a school setting
D) ​To remediate previous judicial decisions and to promote diversity in the workplace

Answer 2

C

Question 3

​Which of the following is an example of a civil liberty?

A) Equal protection of the laws
B) Equal access to education
C) ​Freedom of speech
D) Protection from unlawful discrimination

Answer 3

C

Question 4

​What are the two ways equality can be measured?

A) ​Equality of opportunity and equality of liberties
B) ​Equality of rights and equality of liberties
C) ​Equality of outcome and equality of liberties
D) ​Equality of opportunity and equality of outcome

Question 5

​Civil liberties are

A) the legal and moral claims that citizens are entitled to make on their government.​
B) ​the fundamental individual rights that the government is obligated to protect.
C) ​the rights of citizenship.
D) ​personal rights that are guaranteed to citizens and residents of the United States.

Question 6

​Which of the following events is not an example of unconventional participation?

A) Class action lawsuits
B) ​The march from Selma to Montgomery
C) ​The Montgomery Boycott
D) Protests against the Vietnam War

Question 7

​How did the decisions of Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger answer the question of whether promoting diversity was grounds enough to support the constitutionality of affirmative action?

A) It was in the government's best interest to promote educational diversity, and race could be heavily weighted in making an admission decision.
B) It was in the government's best interest to equally balance educational diversity with all other factors in making an admission decision.
C) It was in the government's best interest to promote educational diversity, as long as admission decisions were not heavily influenced by race considerations.
D) It was in the government's best interest to make race a predominant factor in making an admission decision.​

Question 8

​What word, most significant to the understanding of civil rights, appears for the first time in the Constitution in the Fourteenth Amendment?

A) ​Deprive
B) ​Citizens
C) ​Equal
D) ​Abridge

Question 9

Quotas are​

A) ​a legal part of affirmative action.
B) ​not considered a part of lawful affirmative action programs.
C) considered a legal part of affirmative action when applied to anything other than race.
D) considered a legal part of affirmative action only when applied to race.

Question 10

​The test of strict scrutiny shifted the burden of proof in civil rights cases from the

A) ​individual to the state.
B) ​state to the individual.
C) ​state to the federal government.
D) ​federal government to the state.

Question 11

​The Supreme Court has actively pursued equality, primarily using the

A) ​Twelfth Amendment.
B) Thirteenth Amendment.
C) ​Fourteenth Amendment.
D) ​Fifteenth Amendment.

Question 12

​Civil rights are

A) fundamental individual rights that the government is obligated to protect.​
B) ​personal rights guaranteed to citizens and residents of the United States.
C) personal rights that the states can grant to their residents.​
D) ​legal rights that protect citizens from improper governmental action.

Question 13

​Equality of outcome refers to the equality of

A) results.
B) having the same opportunities to succeed.​
C) ​access to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
D) attaining security.

Question 14

​What two pieces of legislation were passed by Congress after the Civil War in an attempt to bring civil rights to African Americans?

A) The ​Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Jim Crow Laws
B) ​The Freedmen's Bureau Bill and the Civil Rights Act of 1866
C) ​The Freedmen's Bureau Bill and Executive Order 9981
D) ​The Civil Rights Act of 1866 and Executive Order 9981

Question 15

​All of the following are examples of civil rights except the right to

A) ​free speech.
B) ​vote.
C) ​due process of law.
D) ​equal protection of laws.

Question 16

​Conventional and unconventional are two types of

A) ​equality.
B) ​political participation.
C) ​freedoms.
D) ​laws.

Question 17

​After the findings of the President's Commission on Civil Rights were released, President Truman proposed all of the following to Congress except

A) the desegregation of interstate travel.​
B) a ​federal law to protect against lynching.
C) ​desegregation of schools.
D) ​the elimination of the poll tax.

Question 18

What were the issues in question in the case of Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?​

A) ​Diversity and financial aid
B) ​Qualifications and diversity
C) ​Preference and financial aid
D) ​​Qualifications and preferences

Question 19

​What was the first Supreme Court case to challenge the legality of the segregation of the races?

A) ​Plessy v. Ferguson
B) ​Brown v. Board of Education
C) ​Browder v. Gale
D) ​Dred Scott v. Sandford

Question 20

​Which of the following was enacted by Congress to preserve civil rights?

A) ​The Trade Act
B) ​No Child Left Behind
C) ​The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
D) ​The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Question 21

Which case resulted in the decision that public school systems cannot seek to achieve or maintain integration through measures that take account of a student's race?

A) ​Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
B) ​Grutter v. Bollinger
C) ​Fisher v. Texas
D) ​Parents Involved in Community Schools (PIICS) v. Seattle School District #1, et al

Question 22

​After 41 years, the Nineteenth Amendment granting women the right to vote was ratified in​

A) ​1917.
B) ​1918.
C) ​1919.
D) ​1920.

Question 23

​The first version of the Equal Rights Amendment was introduced to Congress in ​

A) ​1921.
B) ​1923.
C) ​1973.
D) ​1978.

Question 24

​When was the Equal Pay Act signed?

A) ​1948
B) ​1952
C) ​1963
D) ​2009

Question 25

​Which amendment requires that in order to conduct a legal search, police must have a reasonable suspicion that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be committed?

A) ​Fourth Amendment
B) ​Fifth Amendment
C) ​Sixth Amendment
D) ​Seventh Amendment

Question 26

Gerrymandering is when legislative district boundaries are drawn without regard​ for the

A) census and favoring political boundaries.
B) census and usually in favor of a particular political party.
C) interest of the candidates and usually in favor of the voter.
D) interest of the voters and usually in favor of a particular political party.

Question 27

The American women's rights movement grew out of the​

A) Constitutional Convention.​
B) ​abolitionist movement.
C) ​Industrial Revolution.
D) ​American Revolution.

Question 28

What term is defined as using racial influence over police discretion by targeting individuals for investigation or law enforcement based primarily on their race?​

A) ​Affirmative action
B) ​Racial profiling
C) ​Racial alienation
D) ​Racial disparities

Question 29

Redistricting is the process of drawing new legislative boundaries in response to​

A) ​voter turnout in the previous election.
B) ​the decennial census.
C) ​favoritism for a candidate.
D) ​immigration patterns.

Question 30

​What significant women's suffrage event occurred in 1870?

A) ​The Seneca Falls convention was held.
B) ​Wyoming granted women the right to vote.
C) ​Susan B. Anthony was prosecuted for voting in the national election.
D) ​Alice Paul started her hunger strike when she was wrongfully imprisoned.

Question 31

A disparate intent violation is​ defined as when

A) ​a practice violates federal law, even if it is not meant to be discriminatory.
B) ​a state passes a law that is in direct opposition to a federal law regarding discriminatory practices.
C) a practice has a disproportionate adverse impact on members of a minority group.
D) an individual is singled out and treated differently than others who are similarly situated.

Question 32

​The practice of stop and frisk in New York City

A) was found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 2009.
B) was found to be constitutional by the Supreme Court.
C) was found to be unconstitutional by a federal court in 2013.
D) ​has never been challenged.

Question 33

​Which Supreme Court case resulted in the decision that sex-based classifications were subject to stricter scrutiny under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

A) ​Craig v. Boren
B) ​Frontiero v. Richardson
C) ​Ledbetter v. Goodyear
D) ​Lawrence v. Texas

Question 34

​Who is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant based on race, color, religion, and gender?

A) ​The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
B) ​The Office of Civil Rights
C) ​The National Labor Board
D) The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Question 35

​Who was a leader in the American women's rights movement?

A) ​Louisa Adams
B) ​Alice Patterson
C) ​Elizabeth Cady Stanton
D) ​Francis Scott Key

Question 36

​What act reinstated prior law against pay discrimination?

A) The ​Equal Pay Act
B) ​The Fair Standards Act
C) ​The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Restoration Act
D) ​The Employment Nondiscrimination Act

Question 37

The intention of the suffragists' 1872 series of court challenges was to test whether

A) voting was a privilege of U.S. citizenship.
B) running for office was a right under the Constitution.
C) equal pay was a privilege of U.S. citizenship
D) the right for women to own property was a right under the Constitution.

Question 38

The Seneca Falls convention resulted in​

A) ​a list of demands including equality in property rights and suffrage.
B) a proposal for an amendment calling for universal suffrage.
C) ​a hunger strike and violence in New York.
D) ​New York giving women the right to vote.

Question 39

​Title IX requires any educational institution that receives federal money to

A) ​take immediate and effective steps to respond to sexual violence on campus.
B) not discriminate against a job applicant or employee.
C) ​create a system for handling sexual harassment complaints on the job.
D) ​provide parental leave for employees and students.

Question 40

Which amendment is interpreted to extend citizenship to women?​

A) ​Eleventh Amendment
B) ​Twelfth Amendment
C) ​Fourteenth Amendment
D) ​Fifteenth Amendment

Question 41

​All of the following granted Native Americans the rights of citizenship except the

A) ​Fourteenth Amendment.
B) ​Citizenship Act of 1924.
C) ​Nationality Act of 1940.
D) ​Immigration and Nationality Act.

Question 42

​The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed in

A) ​1943.
B) ​1968.
C) ​1990.
D) ​2011.

Question 43

​Which Supreme Court case challenged the constitutionality of DOMA?

A) ​United States v. Windsor
B) ​Lawrence v. Texas
C) ​Bowers v. Hardwick
D) ​Obergefell v. Hodges

Question 44

​What is generally accepted as the beginning of the modern gay rights movement?

A) ​Don't Ask, Don't Tell
B) ​The Stonewall riots
C) ​Lawrence v. Texas
D) ​Bowers v. Hardwick

Question 45

​Where did the modern movement for disability rights find its origins?

A) ​The activism of women
B) ​The activism of African-Americans
C) ​The activism of veterans
D) ​The activism of educators

Question 46

​The Removal Act of 1830 encouraged tribes to sign removal treaties by

A) ​creating independent farmers out of Native Americans.
B) ​granting citizenship to any Native American who moved west of the Mississippi.
C) ​giving the U.S. military the power to forcibly remove Native Americans from their lands in the southeast.
D) establishing a process that granted land west of the Mississippi to Native American tribes that agreed to give up their homelands.

Question 47

​The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)

A) ​was a federal law that did not apply to states.
B) ​relieved states of the obligation to recognize same-sex marriage.
C) ​was signed by George W. Bush in 1996.
D) ​determined that same-sex marriage was unconstitutional.

Question 48

​Don't Ask, Don't Tell was repealed in​

A) ​2001.
B) ​2007.
C) ​2009.
D) ​2011.

Question 49

​The Civilian Rehabilitation Act

A) ​established a civilian vocational rehabilitation program.
B) ​is a permanent, fully-funded program.
C) ​did not include people with mental retardation.
D) ​could not be used for job placement.

Question 50

​Intermediate scrutiny states that the constitutional standard that would have to be met for a statute classifying by gender is that it

A) ​must be rationally related to a government interest.
B) has a compelling governmental interest and must have narrowly tailored the law to achieve that interest.
C) ​must serve important governmental objectives and must be substantially related to those objectives.
D) meets the provisions of strict scrutiny.