Deck 1: Nutrition: Everyday Choices

Question 1

Substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but may have health-promoting properties are

A) amino acids.
B) dietary supplements.
C) phytochemicals.
D) zoochemicals.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All of the following are macronutrients except

A) carbohydrate.
B) lipids.
C) protein.
D) vitamins.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding phytochemicals is true?

A) They are essential for life.
B) They are always harmful to our health.
C) They are found in plant foods.
D) They contribute to the calories that we eat in our diet.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The unit of measure that is used in nutrition science that expresses the amount of energy provided by a food is a(n):

A) calorie.
B) nutrient.
C) nutrient-dense food.
D) unit of glucose.

Question 5

The top three causes of death in the US include stroke, cancer, and heart disease. All of these conditions are thought to be exacerbated by

A) high intake of diet soda.
B) lack of sleep.
C) low intake of phytochemicals.
D) obesity.

Question 6

Foods that have health-promoting and/or disease-preventing properties beyond basic nutritional functions are called

A) essential foods.
B) fortified foods.
C) functional foods.
D) phytochemicals

Question 7

With the exception of _______, all the classes of nutrients are involved in forming and maintaining the body's structure.

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) minerals
D) vitamins

Question 8

Which of the following is associated with overnutrition?

A) Anemia
B) Failure to thrive
C) Obesity and Type 2 diabetes
D) Osteoporosis

Question 9

Which of the following statements about fortified foods is false?

A) Fortification of foods began to help eliminate nutrient deficiencies in the population.
B) Milk with added vitamin D is an example of food fortification.
C) Voluntary food fortification may increase the likelihood of consuming an excess of some nutrients.
D) Voluntary fortification of foods is at the discretion of the federal government

Question 10

Which of the following is the best definition of essential nutrients?

A) Nutrients a person must consume to build muscle
B) Nutrients a person must consume in the diet to maintain health
C) Nutrients that should be taken as supplements
D) Nutrients that are provided by animal foods only

Question 11

Gram per gram, ______ provide the most kcalories.

A) alcohol
B) carbohydrates
C) lipids
D) proteins

Question 12

Which of the following statements about proteins is false?

A) Dietary protein from animal sources better matches the amino acid needs of humans compared to dietary protein derived from plants sources.
B) Proteins are composed of amino acids.
C) Proteins are made of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.
D) Proteins differ based on the combinations of amino acids used in each type of protein.

Question 13

All of the following are examples of carbohydrates except

A) fiber.
B) proteins.
C) starches.
D) sugars.

Question 14

All of the following are examples of lipids except

A) cholesterol.
B) saturated fat.
C) sugars.
D) unsaturated fat.

Question 15

The term "calorie" is used in nutrition to mean the

A) amount of energy a food item provides when eaten.
B) amount of fat a food item contains.
C) heat contained within a food item.
D) total nutrient content of a food item.

Question 16

A deficient intake of _______ is known to produce osteoporosis.

A) calcium
B) iron
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin C

Question 17

A deficient intake of ___________ is known to produce scurvy.

A) iron
B) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D

Question 18

Which would be best described as an emotional or psychologically- driven food choice?

A) Eating chocolate or ice cream after a bad day at work
B) Eating corn on the cob when in season
C) Eating ethnic foods you ate as a child
D) Eating foods specific to religious practices

Question 19

The three main functions of nutrients include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) contributing to the structure of our body.
B) providing us with energy.
C) regulating biological processes in the body.
D) speeding up our metabolism.

Question 20

Some nutrient deficiencies occur quickly, whereas others take more time to develop. Which of the following nutrient deficiencies are listed in the order reflecting most quickly to least quickly?

A) Dehydration, osteoporosis, scurvy
B) Scurvy, dehydration, osteoporosis
C) Osteoporosis, dehydration, scurvy
D) Dehydration, scurvy, osteoporosis

Question 21

Dietary supplements provide nutrients and all the other benefits of food.

Question 22

In a scientific experiment, the group of participants used as a basis of comparison is the _______ group.

A) control
B) experimental
C) placebo
D) treatment

Question 23

When judging nutrition information, which is the least important factor?

A) How many people authored the study report
B) How the study was funded
C) The design of the study
D) What type of literature the study was published in

Question 24

_______ are studies that explore the effects of altering people's diets.

A) Animal studies
B) Clinical trials
C) Epidemiological studies
D) Molecular biology studies

Question 25

For any nutrition study to provide reliable information, it must

A) be interpreted accurately.
B) collect quantifiable data from the right experimental population.
C) use proper experimental controls.
D) All of these are essential.

Question 26

A slice of apple pie has the same nutrient density as eating a medium-size apple.

Question 27

In nutrition, the scientific method is used to

A) develop nutrient recommendations.
B) learn about the role of nutrition in promoting health and preventing disease.
C) understand the functions of nutrients.
D) all of these choices

Question 28

Ethan achieves his recommended intake of vegetables by eating a large baked potato every day. Which principle is he not achieving?

A) balance
B) moderation
C) nutrient density
D) variety

Question 29

Typically, less processed foods have lower nutrient density.

Question 30

Phytochemicals are found in plant foods and are classified as an essential nutrient.

Question 31

The observations and hypotheses that arise from epidemiology can be tested using

A) clinical trials.
B) control group design.
C) experimental group design.
D) the peer review process.

Question 32

Which of the following represents the correct order of steps of the scientific method?

A) Conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, form a theory, make an observation
B) Develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, make an observation, form a theory
C) Form a theory, conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, make an observation
D) Make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory

Question 33

If you know you are going to order dessert at dinner tonight, which of these choices would illustrate the concept of balancing your choices?

A) Choosing a salad with fat-free salad dressing for lunch
B) Eating a big lunch as you will 'blow' your diet tonight anyway
C) Skipping breakfast
D) All of these illustrate balance.

Question 34

Which is NOT an example of moderation in your diet and lifestyle?

A) Going back for seconds on all dinner items, rather than just the item you like best
B) Eating dessert occasionally
C) Balancing an extra dessert with extra exercise
D) Sharing a restaurant entrée or dessert with your dinner companion

Question 35

A registered dietitian is a nutrition professional who

A) has earned at least a bachelor degree in a nutrition-related field.
B) has met national certification requirements to provide nutrition education.
C) is an excellent source of credible nutrition information.
D) a registered dietitian is all of these.

Question 36

Foods with a high nutrient density contain more nutrients per calorie than do foods with a lower nutrient density.

Question 37

All of the following statements are true regarding components of a nutrition study that provides reliable information except that

A) data must be quantifiable.
B) proper experimental controls should be used.
C) personal testimonials are appropriate type of data to collect.
D) the data must be interpreted accurately

Question 38

Which of the following statements illustrates the concept of variety?

A) If you can eat some extra fries, take a long walk in the afternoon.
B) Reduce your portions by using smaller bowls.
C) Skip the seconds or split your restaurant meal with a friend.
D) Try a new vegetable every week.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a peer-reviewed journal?

A) The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
B) The International Journal of Sport Nutrition
C) The Journal of the American Dietetic Association
D) Men's Health

Question 40

After a nutrition experiment is completed, a report describing the project is read, analyzed, and evaluated by two or more researchers who were not involved in the research study. Before the article is published, they examine it to ensure that the experiment was not flawed and that the results were interpreted correctly. This process is called

A) experimental consultation.
B) experimental design.
C) journal critique.
D) peer review.

Question 41

Malnutrition is a condition resulting from an energy or nutrient intake either above or below that which is optimal.

Question 42

Your genetic makeup determines the impact a certain nutrient will have on you.

Question 43

Chronic overconsumption of kcalories and certain nutrients from foods can cause health problems.

Question 44

Minerals are organic molecules that are needed in small amounts to maintain health.

Question 45

Dehydration can cause symptoms in a matter of hours.

Question 46

It has been estimated that about 25% of deaths in the United States can be attributed to poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle.

Question 47

Choosing a variety of foods is important because no single food can provide all the nutrients the body needs for optimal health.

Question 48

Minerals are classified as micronutrients.

Question 49

Over time, consuming excess or insufficient amounts of one or more nutrients will result in malnutrition.

Question 50

Alcohol, although it is not a nutrient because it is not needed for life, provides about 7 calories per gram.

Question 51

The simplest functional foods are unmodified whole foods, such as broccoli, blueberries, and salmon.

Question 52

Food provides sensory pleasure and helps to meet our emotional needs.

Question 53

Water makes up about 60% of an adult's body weight.

Question 54

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are all organic compounds that provide energy to the body.

Question 55

Water, vitamins, and minerals do not provide energy.

Question 56

A healthy diet is based on variety, balance, and moderation.

Question 57

Nutrigenomics explores the interaction between genetic variation and nutrition.

Question 58

Food preferences and eating habits are learned as part of an individual's family, cultural, national, and social background.

Question 59

Dietary supplements can be a source of nutrients and calories.

Question 60

All six classes of nutrients play important roles in regulating body processes.

Question 61

Reliable nutrition information and current dietary recommendations are based on results of scientific, peer-reviewed research.

Question 62

Epidemiological studies are most beneficial when the researchers are looking for cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 63

Moderation is a concept that makes it easier to balance your diet and include the foods you like.

Question 64

Epidemiological studies determine cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 65

Explain why this child is malnourished.

Question 66

Making varied choices both from the different food groups and from within each food group is important because nutrients and other food components interact.

Question 67

Results from a single experiment are not enough to develop a theory.

Question 68

It has been estimated approximately 15% of all deaths in the US can be attributed to poor diet and sedentary lifestyle. Describe one dietary practice that is popular among college students that you believe is unhealthy. What health conditions might occur if this dietary condition is continued? What would be a healthy, realistic alternative dietary practice?

Question 69

Healthy eating requires you to give up your favorite low nutrient-dense foods.

Question 70

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation or scientific problem that can be tested through experimentation.

Question 71

In the scientific method, the experimental group acts as the standard of comparison for the variable being studied.

Question 72

Why might the diet that optimizes health be different for different people?

Question 73

Sara is perplexed by the following situation - Grandmother Matilda (mother's mother) eats all of the salt she wants and her blood pressure is normal. On the other hand, her Uncle Frank (father's brother) never salts his food at the table and avoids foods that are high in sodium, and he has to take medication so that is blood pressure is normal. How would you explain to Sara why salt restriction works for some, but not all people, for control of blood pressure?

Question 74

Shanna had a Pop Tart for breakfast and she will be eating pizza tonight for dinner with friends. What is wrong with Shanna's diet? Should her main concern be eating a variety of foods, balancing her food choices, or practicing moderation? Explain your response. How should she eat for snacks, lunch, and dinner tonight to make her diet for today healthy?

Question 75

Define nutrigenomics and its value in treating nutrition-related diseases.

Question 76

A proposed explanation for an observation is called a theory.

Question 77

Oftentimes food is used to commemorate milestones such as birthdays or to celebrate a holiday. Describe a recent food choice you have made and discuss two reasons why you made that food choice.

Question 78

This graph illustrates the percent of deaths in the US from various diseases. Choose one of the diseases listed in this table and discuss the dietary choices people are making that may contribute to this disease. What is a realistic way that someone at risk for this disease could emphasize in their diet to help prevent this from occurring?

Question 79

According to the graph, 1 cup of sweetened iced tea as compared to 1 cup of low fat milk is more nutrient dense for calcium and potassium, but not vitamin D.

Question 80

A varied diet also balances the calories you take in with the calories you use up in your daily activities so that your body weight stays in the health range.