Deck 9: Energy Balance and Weight Management

Question 1

The more excess body fat you have, the greater your health risks.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Sleep disorders and menstrual irregularities are associated with an obese condition.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A healthy level of body fat for a young adult female is _____ than that of a young adult male.

A) greater than
B) less than
C) no different than

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a method of determining body composition?

A) Air displacement in the BOD POD
B) Bioelectric impedance
C) Body mass index
D) Skinfold thickness measures

Question 5

Deidre is 5 feet 4 inches tall and her weight is 135 pounds. Her BMI is closest to _____ kg/m2.

A) 19
B) 23
C) 26
D) 29

Question 6

_____ measures an electric current traveling through the body and is used to determine body composition.

A) Air displacement
B) Bioelectrical impedance
C) Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
D) Underwater weighing

Question 7

Obesity tends to be more common in rural versus urban settings.

Question 8

Individuals who gain excess weight at a young age and remain overweight throughout life face the greatest health risks.

Question 9

Which of these pictures likely demonstrates the person with more visceral versus subcutaneous fat?

A) Picture A
B) Picture B

Question 10

William has a BMI of 26.5 kg/m2. He would therefore be classified as

A) normal weight.
B) obese.
C) overweight.
D) underweight.

Question 11

A BMI of 18 kg/m2 is classified as obese.

Question 12

Overweight and obesity is not on the rise in low-income and middle-income countries.

Question 13

When determining the level of health risk, using the BMI is sufficient.

Question 14

_____ is the body mass attributed to non-fat body components, such as bone, muscle, and internal organs.

A) Body mass index
B) Fat mass
C) Healthy weight mass
D) Lean body mass

Question 15

Based on these two maps representing the percentage of obese adults, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Obesity throughout the United States is rising.
B) The southern states tend to have the lowest percentage of obese adults.
C) There has been a substantial increase in the number of obese adults in the majority of the states.
D) In 1990, several states didn't track obesity rates among adults.

Question 16

The obesity rate for minorities, including African Americans and Mexican Americans, is _____the obesity rate of the general population.

A) greater than
B) the same as
C) less than

Question 17

Obesity is only an issue in the United States.

Question 18

Having excess body fat increases a person's risk of developing which of the following diseases?

A) Arthritis
B) Gallbladder disease
C) Heart disease
D) The risk of all of these is increased with the presence of excess body fat.

Question 19

Based on their distribution of body fat, which of the persons is at increased risk for type 2 diabetes?

A) Picture A
B) Picture B

Question 20

With aging, lean body mass decreases and body fat increases, even if body weight remains the same.

Question 21

Gary is a 25 year old male. He is 6 feet 1 inches tall (1.85 m), weighs 195 pounds (88.6 kg), and his physical activity level is 1.48. Which of the following contributes the most to his estimated energy expenditure?

A) Age
B) Weight
C) Height

Question 22

Which of the following physiological signals isn't indicative of satiation?

A) Food in the stomach that causes the stomach to stretch
B) Increase in pH of the stomach from the pH of the food entering
C) Increase in blood glucose level
D) The presence of nutrients in the intestine

Question 23

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Mary, a sedentary college student, must plan her food intake carefully, so it doesn't exceed energy expenditure.
B) Tim, a long-distance runner, can burn more calories for physical activity than for basal metabolism.
C) Joe, who has a high fat diet, will burn more calories to process his food than Deb who follows a lower fat diet.
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 24

Research has found that the vast majority of variation in BMI is attributed to an individual's

A) environment.
B) genetic makeup.
C) lifestyle choices.
D) None of these influences an individual's BMI.

Question 25

For most people, the majority of their total energy expenditure is from their

A) basal metabolism
B) energy intake
C) physical activity
D) thermic effect of food

Question 26

Which of the following characteristics regarding energy balance is FALSE?

A) The more food that is put in front of people, the more they eat.
B) The location and proximity of fast-food or quick-service restaurants has no effect on the BMI of individuals who live in those communities.
C) Pre-packaged, convenience type foods are typically higher in fat and kcalories than foods prepared at home.

Question 27

Over the past 40 years, changes in environmental and social factors have affected what and how much we eat and how much we exercise. As a result, more Americans are overweight than ever before. Provide and explain one way in which each of the following has contributed to the obesity epidemic: a. supermarkets, fat food restaurants, or convenience stores, b. social changes that have led to increased calorie consumption, and c. why American's are exercising less.

Question 28

If an adult's energy expenditure is greater than their energy intake, you would expect that the individual to _____ weight.

A) gain
B) lose
C) maintain his/her

Question 29

The energy that we use to digest food and to absorb, metabolize, and store the nutrients from food is called diet-induced thermogenesis.

Question 30

The desire to consume specific foods is called

A) appetite.
B) boredom.
C) hunger.
D) satiety.

Question 31

Where your extra fat is deposited is determined primarily by your genetic makeup.

Question 32

Which of the following does NOT factor into calculating an individual's EER?

A) activity level
B) age
C) ethnicity
D) gender

Question 33

Which of the following would have an increased BMR?

A) Tim, who is recovering from surgery
B) Mary, who is pregnant with twins
C) Sally, who is 8 years old and is an avid swimmer
D) All of these would have increased basal metabolic rates.

Question 34

Noelle is an 18 year old female. She is 5 feet 5 inches tall (1.65 m), weighs 130 pounds (59.1 kg), and her physical activity value is 1.31. What is her estimated energy requirement?

A) 1798 calories/day
B) 2399 calories/day
C) 2459 calories/day
D) 3300 calories/day

Question 35

In general, non-exercise activity thermogenesis varies _____ between adult individuals.

A) minimally
B) moderately
C) tremendously
D) not at all

Question 36

Maggie and Olivia are each 21 year old females, height 5 feet 2 inches tall (1.58 m), weight 128 pounds (58.2 kg). Maggie's physical activity value is 1.12, Olivia's is 1.27. What is the EER for Maggie and for Olivia? What is the difference in the estimated energy requirement between Maggie and Olivia?

Question 37

Based on the information depicted in the visual, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) When you consume too many grams of carbohydrate, the excess can be stored as fat.
B) Fat is stored in adipose tissue.
C) Amino acids can be used for energy.
D) Excess protein in the diet will build larger muscles.

Question 38

To maintain a steady supply of blood glucose, fat is released from the adipose tissue.

Question 39

As compared to a meal that is high in carbohydrate, a high fat meal results in a(n) _____ thermic effect of food.

A) higher
B) equal
C) lower

Question 40

The larger the number of adipocytes, the greater the body's ability to store fat.

Question 41

Jeff has a BMI of 28 kg/m2. He has no obesity-related health risk factors. Jeff is an appropriate candidate to take a prescription weight loss drug.

Question 42

It is difficult to meet nutrient needs with an intake of fewer than 1200 calories per day.

Question 43

According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, for those who need to lose weight or have lost weight and want to keep it off, _____ minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week is recommended.

A) 45
B) 90
C) 125
D) 150

Question 44

Some people may gain weight more easily than others because they inherit a tendency to expend less energy on activity.

Question 45

Stephanie has a BMI of 27 kg/m2, her waist circumference is 37 inches, she has a healthy blood pressure, her blood lipid values are normal, her blood glucose level is slightly elevated, her father had a heart attack at 53 years of age, she walks 20 minutes daily 5 days per week, and she does not smoke. Stephanie is likely to improve her health by losing weight.

Question 46

Which of the following is characteristic of a healthy weight loss diet?

A) Eating fewer than 1200 calories daily.
B) Losing 5 lbs a week.
C) Promoting physical activity.
D) Limiting milk and other animal products.

Question 47

Peptide YY _____appetite and ghrelin _____appetite.

A) increases, increases
B) increases, decreases
C) decreases, increases
D) decreases, decreases

Question 48

Reid has a BMI of 26.5 kg/m2. Reid's waist circumference is 39.5 inches, his blood pressure, blood lipids and blood glucose levels are normal, he has no family history of heart disease, he walks 20 minutes daily 5 days per week, and he does not smoke. Reid is likely to improve his health by losing weight.

Question 49

For most people, a loss of 5-15% of body weight will significantly reduce disease risk.

Question 50

Leptin is produced by

A) adipocytes (fat cells).
B) enterocytes (cells of the small intestine).
C) hepatocytes (liver cells).
D) red blood cells.

Question 51

Gloria is 5 feet 3 inches tall and her weight was 235 pounds. After one week of dieting, she stepped on the scale and found she weighed 228 pounds. The rate of weight loss that she experienced during this first week of dieting is within the range of recommended weight loss.

Question 52

Christy is overweight and interested in losing ¾ pound of weight each week. Christy will need to have a _____calorie per day deficit in her energy balance for this to occur.

A) 200
B) 375
C) 500
D) 625

Question 53

Leptin is better at preventing weight loss than at preventing weight gain.

Question 54

Gaining weight is easy, just eat more fat.

Question 55

People who lose weight rapidly are more likely to regain the weight, leading to repeated cycles of weight loss and gain.

Question 56

Which of the following common dieting methods would most likely promote long-term weight loss?

A) Exchange lists
B) Liquid formulas
C) Low-carbohydrate diets
D) Low-fat diets

Question 57

Ghrelin is involved in _____ body weight regulation and leptin is involved with _____body weight regulation.

A) short-term, short-term
B) short-term, long-term
C) long-term, short-term
D) long-term, long-term

Question 58

Weight loss is maintained better when physical activity is included.

Question 59

Obese individuals use fewer calories for NEAT than their lean counterparts.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a component of behavior modification?

A) Antecedents or cues that lead to a behavior
B) The behavior itself
C) Consequences of behavior, such as weight gain or anemia
D) Punishment for overeating

Question 61

Weight-loss supplements that contain soluble fiber are proven to reduce weight.

Question 62

This diagram shows you the surgical procedure of gastric bypass. Explain what happens in the surgery. Why is food intake reduced as a result of this surgery? How is nutrient absorption affected?

Question 63

Although men currently represent a small percentage of people with eating disorders, the numbers are increasing.

Question 64

What are differences between gastric bypass and adjustable gastric banding? How do each of these procedures promote weight loss?

Question 65

Describe demographic and psychological factors associated with risk of developing an eating disorder.

Question 66

________ limits the amount of food that can be consumed.

A) Adjustable gastric banding
B) Alli
C) Gastric bypass
D) Liposuction

Question 67

As illustrated in this visual, there are three intertwining factors that contribute to eating disorders. Discuss how an individual's genetic makeup can contribute to an eating disorder.

Question 68

The typical age of onset of bulimia nervosa is

A) preadolescence/adolescence.
B) adolescence/young adults.
C) middle age.
D) adults of any age.

Question 69

Women are more likely than men to have an eating disorder.

Question 70

The most common eating disorder is

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge-eating disorder.
D) night-eating syndrome.

Question 71

Athletes, both male and female, are at a high risk for eating disorders.

Question 72

Which of the following is/are factors that contribute to eating disorders?

A) Low self-esteem and the need for self-control
B) Thin body ideal and an abundant food supply
C) Inherited personality traits
D) All of these can contribute to an eating disorder

Question 73

The major complications of binge-eating disorder are the health problems associated with obesity.

Question 74

Eating disorders commonly begin in adolescence.

Question 75

Eating disorders can be fatal.

Question 76

Which of the following is characteristic of anorexia nervosa but not of bulimia nervosa?

A) Dissatisfaction with body size
B) Food restriction
C) Loss of menstruation
D) Low esteem

Question 77

Which of the following statements regarding weight loss drugs is FALSE?

A) Prescription, as well as over-the-counter weight loss drugs, are regulated by the FDA.
B) Some of these drugs work by affecting brain neurotransmitters
C) Weight loss usually continues, even after you stop taking the drugs, as long has you have taken the drugs for 8 weeks
D) Some of these drugs work by decreasing fat absorption in the intestine

Question 78

How does bulimia nervosa typically begin in terms of the binge-purge cycle. Describe characteristics of binging and purging that occur in bulimia nervosa.

Question 79

Bariatric surgery is becoming increasingly more common. What are some of the advantages of bariatric surgery?

Question 80

Which of the following methods of weight-loss surgery would you expect wouldNOT receive medical reimbursement?

A) Adjustable gastric banding
B) Gastric bypass
C) Liposuction
D) Medical reimbursement is common for all of these surgeries.