Deck 16: Blood

Question 1

In normal adults, red blood cells are formed in

A) the liver.
B) the spleen.
C) red bone marrow.
D) yellow bone marrow.
E) lymph nodes.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

A) globulins.
B) transport proteins.
C) albumins.
D) lipoproteins.
E) fibrinogens.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Mast cells in tissues are considered to be a type of

A) eosinophil.
B) basophil.
C) lymphocyte.
D) monocyte.
E) neutrophil.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

A) thymosin.
B) angiotensin I.
C) erythropoietin.
D) M-CSF.
E) cobalamin.

Question 5

The cell that is the progenitor of all the types of blood cells is called the

A) pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.
B) committed progenitor cell.
C) megakaryocyte.
D) reticulocyte.
E) progenitor.

Question 6

Colony-stimulating factors are cytokines made by

A) endothelial cells.
B) fibroblasts from bone marrow.
C) white blood cells only.
D) endothelial cells and fibroblasts from bone marrow.
E) endothelial cells, fibroblasts from bone marrow, and white blood cells.

Question 7

A unique aspect of hematopoiesis is that

A) white blood cell production always results in the same proportion of leukocytes.
B) white blood cell development varies with the specific needs of the body.
C) neutrophils direct all development from the lymph nodes.
D) lymphocytes never die.

Question 8

________ regulates the growth and maturation of megakaryocytes.

A) Erythropoietin
B) Interleukin
C) Thrombopoietin
D) Colony-stimulating factor
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 9

The total volume of blood in the body of a 70-kg man is approximately ________ liters.

A) 25-30
B) 10-15
C) 5-6
D) 2-4
E) 1-2

Question 10

The average life span of a red blood cell is

A) 1 week.
B) 1 month.
C) 4 months.
D) 6 months.
E) 1 year.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)is False?

A) CSFs are required to induce both cell division and cell maturation.
B) CSFs regulate leukopoiesis.
C) CSFs are made by epithelial cells.
D) CSFs regulate leukopoiesis and CSFs are made by epithelial cells.

Question 12

Plasma is mostly

A) water.
B) blood cells.
C) proteins.
D) organic molecules.
E) ions.

Question 13

________ are a group of diseases characterized by the abnormal growth and development of white blood cells, and ________ are diseases where patients have too few white blood cells.

A) Neutropenias, leukemias
B) Anemias, leukemias
C) Neutropenias, anemias
D) Leukemias, neutropenias
E) Leukemias, anemias

Question 14

The function of red blood cells is to

A) remove carbon dioxide from the lungs.
B) remove nitrogenous wastes from active tissues.
C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.
D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells.
E) defend the body against infectious organisms.

Question 15

The percentage of cells in blood-producing tissues that become white blood cells is about ________%.

A) 90
B) 10
C) 50
D) 25
E) 75

Question 16

The primary organ where erythropoietin is produced is the

A) liver.
B) kidney.
C) spleen.
D) bone marrow.
E) endothelial cells throughout the body.

Question 17

Diseases that involve the presence of too many white blood cells have been identified as well as diseases that involve too few white blood cells.

Question 18

The primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin is

A) hypoxemia only.
B) low oxygen levels in the tissues only.
C) low blood pressure only.
D) hypoxemia and low oxygen levels in the tissues.
E) hypoxemia, low oxygen levels in the tissues, and low blood pressure.

Question 19

Thrombopoietin is produced in the

A) liver only.
B) kidney only.
C) spleen only.
D) bone marrow only.
E) liver and kidney.

Question 20

Monocytes leave the circulation to go to the tissues, where they are called

A) eosinophils.
B) basophils.
C) lymphocytes.
D) macrophages.
E) neutrophils.

Question 21

Under normal circumstances, aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by the

A) spleen.
B) yellow bone marrow.
C) kidneys.
D) digestive tract.
E) thymus gland.

Question 22

Platelets are

A) large cells that lack a nucleus.
B) small cells that lack a nucleus.
C) large cells with a prominent, indented nucleus.
D) small cells with a many-shaped nucleus.
E) fragments of large cells.

Question 23

Each red blood cell is shaped as a biconcave disk.This allows it to

A) change its shape to squeeze through narrow openings.
B) shrink or swell slightly in response to osmotic conditions.
C) synthesize new proteins and membrane components readily.
D) change its shape to squeeze through narrow openings and shrink or swell slightly in response to osmotic conditions.
E) change its shape to squeeze through narrow openings, shrink or swell slightly in response to osmotic conditions, and synthesize new proteins and membrane components readily.

Question 24

Red blood cell production increases when

A) oxygen levels in the blood increase.
B) oxygen levels in the blood decrease.
C) carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase.
D) carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease.
E) protein levels in the blood increase.

Question 25

The function of hemoglobin is to

A) carry oxygen.
B) protect the body against infectious agents.
C) aid in the process of blood clotting.
D) carry nutrients from the intestine to the body's cells.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 26

A hemoglobin molecule is composed of

A) just two protein chains.
B) just three protein chains.
C) just four protein chains and nothing else.
D) four protein chains and four heme groups.
E) four heme groups but no protein.

Question 27

The carrier protein that transports absorbed iron through the blood is

A) hemoglobin.
B) transferrin.
C) erythropoietin.
D) thrombopoietin.
E) intrinsic factor.

Question 28

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue.
B) activation of proenzyme exposed to collagen.
C) release of tissue factor by a damaged endothelium.
D) release of heparin from the liver.
E) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

Question 29

The process of red blood cell production is called

A) erythrocytosis.
B) erythropenia.
C) hemocytosis.
D) erythropoiesis.
E) hematopenia.

Question 30

Platelets function in

A) transporting chemicals important for clotting.
B) forming temporary patches in injured areas.
C) contraction after clot formation.
D) initiating the clotting process.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 31

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue.
B) activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen.
C) release of tissue factor by a damaged endothelium.
D) release of heparin from the liver.
E) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

Question 32

The percentage of whole blood occupied by red blood cells is the

A) viscosity.
B) specific gravity.
C) pH.
D) hematocrit.
E) differential cell count.

Question 33

Excess iron in the body is

A) stored in bones.
B) eliminated in the feces.
C) stored in fatty tissues.
D) found in white blood cells.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 34

A hematocrit is used to indicate

A) only the ratio of red blood cells to the total blood volume.
B) only the packed cell volume.
C) only coagulation time.
D) the ratio of red blood cells to the total blood volume and the packed cell volume.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 35

Which of the following is/are vasoconstrictors?

A) platelet-activating factor
B) serotonin
C) adenosine diphosphate
D) thromboxane A2
E) serotonin and thromboxane A2

Question 36

The porphyrin ring of heme contains an atom of

A) magnesium.
B) calcium.
C) iron.
D) sodium.
E) copper.

Question 37

The majority of the protein inside a red blood cell is

A) albumin.
B) porphyrin.
C) hemoglobin.
D) immunoglobulin.
E) fibrinogen.

Question 38

A normal adult hematocrit would be approximately ________%.

A) 100
B) 75
C) 66
D) 45
E) 10

Question 39

Which of the following are the two anticoagulants produced by the body?

A) heparin and plasmin
B) antithrombin III and heparin
C) antithrombin III and plasmin
D) tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin
E) protacyclin and heparin

Question 40

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue.
B) activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen.
C) release of tissue factor by a damaged endothelium.
D) activating of a clotting factor that converts prothrombin to thrombin.
E) activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

Question 41

The process of fibrinolysis

A) activates fibrinogen.
B) draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together.
C) dissolves clots.
D) forms emboli.
E) forms thrombi.

Question 42

Match the name of the pathological condition with its description.
A.hereditary spherocytosis
B.polycythemia vera
C.iron-deficiency anemia
D.sickle cell disease
E.anemia
general term for the condition of low hemoglobin in the blood

Question 43

Match the following plasma proteins with the correct function.
A.albumins
B.globulins
C.fibrinogen
D.transferrin
E.antibodies
essential to the process of blood clotting

Question 44

Match the name of the pathological condition with its description.
A.hereditary spherocytosis
B.polycythemia vera
C.iron-deficiency anemia
D.sickle cell disease
E.anemia
genetic condition resulting in crescent moon-shaped red blood cells

Question 45

Match the following plasma proteins with the correct function.
A.albumins
B.globulins
C.fibrinogen
D.transferrin
E.antibodies
contribute(s)significantly to osmotic pressure of plasma

Question 46

Match the following plasma proteins with the correct function.
A.albumins
B.globulins
C.fibrinogen
D.transferrin
E.antibodies
bind(s)with iron in the blood

Question 47

Match the following terms with the correct descriptions.
A.lymphocytes
B.erythrocytes
C.eosinophils
D.platelets
E.neutrophils
These are fragments of a megakaryocyte.

Question 48

Match the following terms with the correct descriptions.
A.lymphocytes
B.erythrocytes
C.eosinophils
D.platelets
E.neutrophils
These cells contain hemoglobin and iron.

Question 49

Match the name of the pathological condition with its description.
A.hereditary spherocytosis
B.polycythemia vera
C.iron-deficiency anemia
D.sickle cell disease
E.anemia
Caused by a dietary deficiency, this condition results in red blood cells that are small and pale.

Question 50

Match the following terms with the correct descriptions.
A.lymphocytes
B.erythrocytes
C.eosinophils
D.platelets
E.neutrophils
A type of granulocyte, these have red granules.

Question 51

Plasma consists of blood minus ________ and ________.

Question 52

Active bone marrow is red because of the presence of ________ whereas inactive marrow is ________ because of an abundance of adipocytes.

Question 53

Blood is approximately ________% plasma by volume.

Question 54

Match the following terms with the correct descriptions.
A.lymphocytes
B.erythrocytes
C.eosinophils
D.platelets
E.neutrophils
Phagocytic, these cells make up the majority of WBCs.

Question 55

Tissue factor is released in the

A) extrinsic pathway.
B) intrinsic pathway.
C) common pathway.
D) retraction pathway.
E) fibrinolytic pathway.

Question 56

Match the following terms with the correct descriptions.
A.lymphocytes
B.erythrocytes
C.eosinophils
D.platelets
E.neutrophils
Often called immunocytes, these cells direct the activities of the immune system.

Question 57

Match the name of the pathological condition with its description.
A.hereditary spherocytosis
B.polycythemia vera
C.iron-deficiency anemia
D.sickle cell disease
E.anemia
a genetic condition where red blood cells have deficient cytoskeletons

Question 58

Match the name of the pathological condition with its description.
A.hereditary spherocytosis
B.polycythemia vera
C.iron-deficiency anemia
D.sickle cell disease
E.anemia
a stem cell dysfunction that produces too many blood cells

Question 59

Match the following plasma proteins with the correct function.
A.albumins
B.globulins
C.fibrinogen
D.transferrin
E.antibodies
help(s)defend the body against germs

Question 60

Match the following plasma proteins with the correct function.
A.albumins
B.globulins
C.fibrinogen
D.transferrin
E.antibodies
a category that includes clotting factors and enzymes

Question 61

The usual treatment for neonatal jaundice is exposing the infant to certain wavelengths of light.The infant wears only a diaper and undergoes the light treatment continuously for several days, even at night.Why can the infant's treatment then be discontinued?

A) because light treatment stimulates liver growth
B) because the transition between fetal hemoglobin to adult is complete
C) because the light generates additional RBCs
D) because the digestive tract is then large enough to secrete bile
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 62

What are the three major steps of hemostasis?

Question 63

The hormone that regulates the production of red blood cells is ________.

Question 64

How would a decrease in the concentration of iron in the blood affect the process of hemostasis?

A) Platelet plugs would fail to form.
B) Coagulation would proceed more rapidly.
C) Coagulation would proceed more slowly.
D) Retraction would occur prematurely.
E) There would be no effect.

Question 65

What is a differential white cell count and when is it used?

Question 66

The term used for a cytokine that is released by one white blood cell that acts on another is ________.

Question 67

________, ________, and ________ are called granulocytes because ________.

Question 68

The two main components of plasma are ________ and ________.Name two other components found in plasma.

Question 69

Name two cytokines involved in hematopoiesis.What is the name of the cytokine that plays an important role in the immune system?

Question 70

The condition where the skin and the whites of the eyes appear slightly yellow is called ________.

Question 71

Plasminogen is activated by an enzyme called ________.

Question 72

In hemostasis, vasoconstriction is rapidly followed by mechanical blockage of the hole by a ________.

Question 73

Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations.

Question 74

In healthy adults, blood cell production occurs only in the ________.

Question 75

Red blood cells in the circulation live for about ________.The short life span is due to ________.

Question 76

The carrier protein that transports absorbed iron through the blood is ________.

Question 77

Persons who suffer from hemophilia A fail to produce a functional factor VIII; as a result,

A) they do not have a functional intrinsic pathway.
B) they do not have a functional extrinsic pathway.
C) they do not have a functional common pathway.
D) their clotting times are shorter than normal.
E) All answers are correct.

Question 78

The growth and maturation of megakaryocytes is regulated by the glycoprotein ________.

Question 79

The condition where the skin and the whites of the eyes appear slightly yellow is due to high blood levels of the substance ________.

Question 80

The dissolution of fibrin by plasmin is known as ________.