Deck 24: The Immune System

Question 1

Viruses

A) must reproduce inside cells of the host.
B) are considered to be parasitic.
C) easily survive in the environment outside the body.
D) must reproduce inside cells of the host and are considered to be parasitic.
E) must reproduce inside cells of the host, are considered to be parasitic, and easily survive in the environment outside the body.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The largest lymphoid tissue(s)is/are the

A) spleen.
B) thymus.
C) GALT.
D) lymph nodes.
E) tonsils.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following are NOT antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

A) lymphocytes
B) dendritic cells
C) macrophages
D) neutrophils
E) monocytes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system include

A) macrophages and monocytes.
B) neutrophils and eosinophils.
C) lymphocytes and plasma cells.
D) macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils.
E) macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.

Question 5

Which of the following immune cells are also known as Langerhans cells?

A) basophils
B) eosinophils
C) mast cells
D) lymphocytes
E) dendritic cells

Question 6

Lymphocytes and plasma cells

A) mediate the acquired immune response.
B) are found primarily in lymphoid tissue.
C) all function and behave the same way.
D) mediate the acquired immune response and are found primarily in lymphoid tissue.
E) mediate the acquired immune response, are found primarily in lymphoid tissue, and all function and behave the same way.

Question 7

Swelling and soreness of the lymph nodes indicate that

A) immune cells are fighting infection.
B) the immune system is incapable of working.
C) dangerous cancerous changes are occurring in the immune system.
D) too much or improper exercise has been undertaken.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Lymphoid tissues include

A) thymus.
B) bone marrow.
C) lymph nodes.
D) spleen.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

Leukocytes recognize molecules that are unique to pathogens; thus, the molecules are

A) pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
B) pattern recognition receptors.
C) toll-like receptors.
D) phagosomes.
E) antigens.

Question 10

Diffuse lymphoid tissue includes

A) tonsils.
B) GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue).
C) the spleen.
D) tonsils and GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue).
E) tonsils, GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue), and the spleen.

Question 11

________ have been found to be the precursor cells of macrophages.

A) Eosinophils
B) Basophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Monocytes
E) Lymphocytes

Question 12

Antibiotics are drugs that destroy or inhibit the growth of

A) viruses.
B) bacteria.
C) multicellular pathogens such as hookworms.
D) viruses and bacteria.
E) viruses, bacteria, and multicellular pathogens such as hookworms.

Question 13

Which of these is matched incorrectly?

A) innate immunity - nonspecific responses
B) acquired immunity - responses directed toward specific invaders
C) active immunity - an immune response started and developed by the cells
D) actively acquired immunity - immunity passed via the placenta or milk to offspring
E) Each of these is correctly described.

Question 14

Autoimmune diseases are an example of a(n)________ response by the immune system.

A) lack of
B) overactive
C) incorrect
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

When the immune system creates a response that is overblown in relation to the threat it has been exposed to, the response is called an

A) autoimmune response.
B) immunodeficiency.
C) allergic reaction.

Question 16

Which is NOT a pathogen?

A) cancer
B) hookworm
C) athlete's foot fungus
D) chicken pox virus
E) meningococcus bacterium

Question 17

________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules located beneath the epithelial lining of the small intestine.

A) Tonsils
B) Adenoids
C) Peyer's patches
D) Immune complexes
E) Lymph nodes

Question 18

C-reactive protein is a type of

A) cytokine.
B) chemotaxin.
C) acute-phase protein.
D) pyrogen.
E) granzyme.

Question 19

Which cell is incorrectly matched with the characteristic?

A) eosinophils - numbers increase with allergies and parasites
B) eosinophils - cytotoxic cells may live only 6-12 hours
C) basophils - have granules containing histamine and heparin
D) neutrophils - most abundant white cell
E) neutrophils - most difficult to identify

Question 20

Molecules that attract immune cells are known as

A) interferons.
B) lysozymes.
C) antigens.
D) opsonins.
E) chemotaxins.

Question 21

Stem cells that will form B lymphocytes are found in the

A) bone marrow.
B) liver.
C) spleen.
D) thymus.
E) kidneys.

Question 22

Passive immunity is a type of ________ immunity.

A) acquired
B) innate

Question 23

An inflammatory response is triggered when

A) red blood cells release pyrogens.
B) T lymphocytes release interferon.
C) mast cells release granules containing histamine and heparin.
D) neutrophils phagocytize bacteria.
E) blood flow to an area increases.

Question 24

Cytokines function by

A) acting as messengers for growth and activity of other cells.
B) poisoning and killing invading cells.
C) digesting invading cells.
D) acting as messengers for growth and activity of other cells and poisoning and killing invading cells.
E) acting as messengers for growth and activity of other cells, poisoning and killing invading cells, and digesting invading cells.

Question 25

Stem cells that will form T lymphocytes are modified in the

A) bone marrow.
B) liver.
C) spleen.
D) thymus.
E) kidneys.

Question 26

The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are

A) NK cells.
B) plasma cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) cytotoxic T cells.
E) suppressor T cells.

Question 27

The cells that are actively involved in immunological surveillance are the

A) NK cells.
B) plasma cells.
C) B lymphocytes.
D) helper T cells.
E) suppressor T cells.

Question 28

Which of the following acts as the earliest form of defense against exogenous pathogens in the list?

A) inflammation
B) lymphocytes
C) macrophages
D) skin

Question 29

Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and are involved in allergic reactions are

A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 30

Acute phase proteins are produced by the

A) macrophages.
B) lymph nodes.
C) liver.
D) thymus.
E) lymphocytes.

Question 31

Cells that help to regulate the immune response are

A) B lymphocytes.
B) plasma cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) cytotoxic T cells.
E) NK cells.

Question 32

The cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the

A) B lymphocytes.
B) plasma cells.
C) T lymphocytes.
D) suppressor T lymphocytes.

Question 33

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

A) T lymphocytes.
B) B lymphocytes.
C) NK cells.
D) phagocytes.
E) plasma cells.

Question 34

Lymphocytes that attack foreign cells or body cells infected with viruses are

A) B lymphocytes.
B) plasma cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) cytotoxic T cells.
E) suppressor T cells.

Question 35

Chemotaxins function in

A) digesting invading cells.
B) attracting additional immune cells.
C) poisoning and killing invading cells.
D) digesting invading cells and attracting additional immune cells.
E) digesting invading cells, attracting additional immune cells, and poisoning and killing invading cells.

Question 36

Immunoglobulins that are mainly responsible for resistance against viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 37

A substance that induces fever is known as a(n)

A) opsonin.
B) chemotaxin.
C) acute phase protein.
D) pyrogen.
E) cytokine.

Question 38

________ is the immunoglobulin class that comprises 75% of antibodies in adult blood.

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 39

Opsonins function by

A) poisoning and killing invading cells.
B) marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them.
C) digesting invading cells directly.
D) poisoning and killing invading cells and marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them.
E) poisoning and killing invading cells, marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them, and digesting invading cells directly.

Question 40

All of the following are characteristics of acquired immunity EXCEPT

A) cell-mediated immunity.
B) nonspecific immunity.
C) humoral immunity.
D) adaptive immunity.

Question 41

Match the cell type with its description.
A.lymphocytes
B.neutrophils
C.monocytes
D.eosinophils
E.basophils
A patient has elevated neutrophils and monocytes with normal levels of basophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes.Which of the following is the most likely cause of these test results?

A) a chronic bacterial infection
B) an acute viral infection
C) an allergic reaction
D) a fungal infection
E) an autoimmune reaction

Question 42

Immunoglobulins that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are

A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 43

Match the cell type with its description.

-These are the most abundant leukocyte; they are formed in the bone marrow.

A)lymphocytes
B)neutrophils
C)monocytes
D)eosinophils
E)basophils

Question 44

A person's blood type is determined by

A) the size of the red blood cells.
B) the shape of the red blood cells.
C) the chemical character of the hemoglobin.
D) the presence or absence of specific glycoprotein molecules on their cell membrane.
E) the number of specific molecules on the cell membrane.

Question 45

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B lymphocytes and may play a role in regulation of the humoral immune response are

A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 46

Match the type of immunity to its description.
A.specific
B.nonspecific
present at birth

Question 47

Class II MHC molecules are found

A) on all cells with a nucleus.
B) only on red blood cells.
C) only on granulocytes and macrophages.
D) only on lymphocytes and macrophages.
E) only on liver cells and macrophages in the spleen.

Question 48

Match the cell type with its description.

-Precursors of macrophages, these cells are relatively rare in blood because they are actually in transit to some other site.

A)lymphocytes
B)neutrophils
C)monocytes
D)eosinophils
E)basophils

Question 49

Match the cell type with its description.

-These cells are related to mast cells, and both release chemical mediators such as histamine and heparin, which aid in the immune response.

A)lymphocytes
B)neutrophils
C)monocytes
D)eosinophils
E)basophils

Question 50

When an antigen complex is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a

A) B cell.
B) plasma cell.
C) helper T cell.
D) cytotoxic T cell.
E) NK cell.

Question 51

Match the cell type with its description.

-Cytotoxic, these cells are associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infestations.Usually these cells are less than 3% of the leukocyte population, and only live up to 12 hours.

A)lymphocytes
B)neutrophils
C)monocytes
D)eosinophils
E)basophils

Question 52

In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must

A) be phagocytized by the lymphocyte.
B) enter the cytoplasm of the lymphocyte.
C) bind to the DNA of the lymphocyte.
D) bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte membrane.
E) depolarize the lymphocyte.

Question 53

A person with type A blood has

A) A antibodies on his red blood cells.
B) A antibodies in his plasma.
C) B antibodies on his red blood cells.
D) B antibodies in his plasma.
E) the ability to receive AB blood cells.

Question 54

The specificity of an antibody is determined by

A) the fixed segment.
B) the antigenic determinants.
C) the variable region.
D) the size of the antibody.
E) the antibody class.

Question 55

Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions are

A) IgA.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgG.
E) IgM.

Question 56

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are

A) immunodeficiency diseases.
B) autoimmune diseases.
C) allergies.
D) the result of stress.
E) common in the elderly.

Question 57

Match the cell type with its description.

-Estimated to reach populations of one trillion in normal adults, most of these cells reside in the lymphoid tissues of the body.These cells look quite similar to one another under the microscope, yet function very differently.

A)lymphocytes
B)neutrophils
C)monocytes
D)eosinophils
E)basophils

Question 58

Match the cell type with its description.
A.lymphocytes
B.neutrophils
C.monocytes
D.eosinophils
E.basophils
A patient has elevated eosinophils and monocytes but normal levels of neutrophils, basophils, and lymphocytes.Which of the following could be causing those levels?

A) an acute bacterial infection
B) a chronic bacterial infection
C) a viral infection
D) a chronic parasitic infection
E) a severe allergic reaction

Question 59

Match the cell type with its description.
A.lymphocytes
B.neutrophils
C.monocytes
D.eosinophils
E.basophils
A patient with hay fever symptoms that have been going on for a couple weeks comes to your office to be treated for his hay fever.If a white blood cell differential count was performed, which leukocytes would likely be elevated?

A) neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
B) monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils
C) monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils
D) lymphocytes, basophils, and neutrophils

Question 60

Match the type of immunity to its description.
A.specific
B.nonspecific
Secreted lysozyme kills bacteria.

Question 61

________ cells enable the immune system to respond more quickly if the same antigen is encountered a second time.

Question 62

________ are mediators released from white blood cells that regulate the activity of B cells and T cells and enhance nonspecific defense.

Question 63

Match the type of immunity to its description.
A.specific
B.nonspecific
NK cells cause apoptosis of viral-infected cells.

Question 64

Meghan thinks she has an abscessed tooth.If she does, what type of white blood cell would you expect to see in elevated numbers in a differential count?

A) neutrophils
B) eosinophils
C) basophils
D) lymphocytes
E) monocytes

Question 65

________ are fixed macrophages located in the epithelia of the skin.

Question 66

________ are phagocytic cells that are permanent residents of specific tissues and organs.

Question 67

________ are antibodies found in body fluids.

Question 68

________ are fixed macrophages that are found in the central nervous system.

Question 69

________ exists when the immune system does NOT respond to a particular antigen.

Question 70

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera.His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A serum but not with the anti-B.Therefore, which of the following is True?

A) Bill could receive type B blood in a transfusion.
B) Bill could donate blood to an individual with type B blood.
C) Bill is Rh positive.
D) Bill's plasma contains B antibodies.
E) Bill's plasma would cross-react with type O red blood cells.

Question 71

A sample of tissue from an injury shows a large number of basophils.This would indicate that the tissue was

A) abscessed.
B) inflamed.
C) being rejected.
D) infected by viruses.
E) infected by multicellular parasites.

Question 72

The ability of certain cells to mobilize in response to changes in their chemical environment is called ________.

Question 73

________ are groups of lymphocytes with a specific ligand in common.

Question 74

Substances that can trigger an immune response are known as ________.

Question 75

Match the type of immunity to its description.
A.specific
B.nonspecific
Infected cells are killed by perforin and granzymes.

Question 76

________ are cytokines that make cells resistant to viruses.

Question 77

Match the type of immunity to its description.
A.specific
B.nonspecific
Antibodies in breast milk protect a newborn baby from pathogens.

Question 78

________ are free phagocytes found in the lungs.

Question 79

The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized, is called ________.

Question 80

________ are fixed macrophages found in the liver.