Deck 6: Lower Limb

Question 1

The largest and strongest bone in the body is the:

A) tibia.
B) femur.
C) hip.
D) skull.

Answer 1

tibia.

Question 2

The second largest bone in the body is the:

A) hip.
B) tibia.
C) femur.
D) skull.

Answer 2

tibia.

Question 3

The fibula articulates with the tibia at the:
1)distal end.
2)proximal end.
3)posterior surface.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 3

2 and 3

Question 4

How many degrees are the lower leg and foot rotated for the AP oblique projection of the toes in medial rotation?

A) 10 to 15
B) 20 to 25
C) 40 to 60
D) 30 to 45

Question 5

How many metatarsal bones are in the foot?

A) Four
B) Five
C) Six
D) Seven

Question 6

The inferior aspect of the foot is termed the _____ surface.

A) posterior
B) caudal
C) dorsal
D) plantar

Question 7

The largest and strongest tarsal bone is the:

A) calcaneus.
B) navicular.
C) medial cuneiform.
D) lateral cuneiform.

Question 8

The second largest tarsal bone, and the one that occupies the highest position in the foot, is the:

A) talus.
B) navicular.
C) calcaneus.
D) medial cuneiform.

Question 9

The lower limb and its girdle comprise which of the following bones?
1)Foot and leg
2)Thigh
3)Hip

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 10

How many phalanges are in the great toe?

A) None
B) One
C) Two
D) Three

Question 11

How many tarsal bones are in the foot?

A) Four
B) Five
C) Six
D) Seven

Question 12

How many degrees of angulation are required to open the IP joint spaces of the toes on an AP projection?

A) 0
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 13

The superior surface of the foot is termed the _____ surface.

A) dorsal
B) plantar
C) anterior
D) superior

Question 14

The central-ray angulation for an AP oblique projection of the toes is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees posteriorly.
C) 10 degrees posteriorly.
D) 15 degrees posteriorly.

Question 15

The name of the small round bones located on the plantar surface of the foot, typically beneath the first MTP joint, is the:

A) cuneiforms.
B) sesamoids.
C) tarsals.
D) epicondyles.

Question 16

How many bones are in the foot?

A) 14
B) 26
C) 27
D) 29

Question 17

For an AP projection of the toes, the central ray is directed to the _____ MTP joint.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 18

How many phalanges are in the foot?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 14
D) 26

Question 19

How many bones make up the leg?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 20

Which of the following forms the ankle mortise?
1)Lateral malleolus of the fibula
2)Medial malleolus of the tibia
3)Inferior surface of the tibia

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 21

The most commonly performed oblique projection of the foot is the _____ oblique in _____.

A) AP; medial rotation
B) AP; lateral rotation
C) PA; medial rotation
D) PA; Grashey method

Question 22

For an AP projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the:

A) talus.
B) subtalar joint.
C) talofibular joint.
D) ankle joint, midway between the malleoli.

Question 23

Which of the following is not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the ankle?

A) Tibiotalar
B) Lateral malleoli
C) Ankle mortise
D) Tibiofibular overlapping

Question 24

The central-ray angulation for the AP ankle projection is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 10 degrees caudad.
D) 15 to 20 degrees caudad.

Question 25

How is the patient placed for a lateral projection of the great toe and second toe?

A) Supine, with the affected leg turned out
B) Supine, with the affected leg turned in
C) Lateral, on the affected side
D) Recumbent, on the unaffected side

Question 26

The central ray is directed to which of the following for an AP or AP axial projection of the foot?

A) Head of the second metatarsal
B) Head of the third metatarsal
C) Base of the third metatarsal
D) Base of the fourth metatarsal

Question 27

Which lateral projection of the foot is the most commonly performed?

A) Lateromedial (lateral recumbent position)
B) Mediolateral (lateral recumbent position)
C) Lateromedial (standing weight-bearing)
D) Mediolateral (standing weight-bearing)

Question 28

The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the calcaneus is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees cephalad.
C) 10 degrees cephalad.
D) 5 to 10 degrees cephalad.

Question 29

What is the patient position for a lateral projection of the third, fourth, or fifth toes?

A) Supine, with the leg and foot laterally rotated
B) 45 degrees oblique, with the leg and foot laterally rotated
C) Lateral recumbent, on the affected side
D) Lateral recumbent, on the unaffected side

Question 30

Which of the following is the essential lateral projection of the calcaneus?

A) Lateral (lateromedial)
B) Lateral (mediolateral)
C) Lateromedial oblique
D) Lateromedial oblique, weight-bearing

Question 31

To better demonstrate the TMT joint spaces of the foot, a posterior angulation of how many degrees is required?

A) 0
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 32

What is the central-ray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus?

A) 25 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 35 degrees
D) 40 degrees

Question 33

For a lateral projection of the foot, the central ray is directed to the:

A) head of the third metatarsal.
B) base of the third metatarsal.
C) tibiotalar joint.
D) navicular.

Question 34

Which of the following will clearly demonstrate the cuboid?

A) AP
B) Lateral
C) AP oblique in lateral rotation
D) AP oblique in medial rotation

Question 35

The essential projections of the calcaneus are:
1)axial (plantodorsal).
2)axial (dorsoplantar).
3)lateral (mediolateral).

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 36

For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the ankle should be dorsiflexed so the plantar surface of the foot is:

A) parallel with the central ray.
B) perpendicular to the central ray.
C) 70 degrees from the plane of the IR.
D) 90 degrees from the plane of the IR.

Question 37

For an AP oblique projection of the foot in either medial or lateral rotation, the plantar surface of the foot should form an angle of _____ degrees.

A) 15
B) 30
C) 45
D) 60

Question 38

Which projections of the foot will best demonstrate the structural status of the longitudinal arch?

A) AP axial
B) AP oblique medial rotation
C) Lateral (lateromedial)
D) Lateral (lateromedial) weight-bearing

Question 39

The central ray for an AP oblique projection of the foot is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees posteriorly.
C) 10 degrees posteriorly.
D) 15 degrees posteriorly.

Question 40

To prevent lateral rotation, how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle?

A) In dorsiflexion
B) In plantar flexion
C) On a 10-degree angle wedge
D) On a 15-degree angle wedge

Question 41

To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many degrees?

A) 10
B) 25
C) 45
D) 15 to 20

Question 42

Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the knee?

A) inch above the patellar apex
B) 1 inch above the patellar apex
C) inch below the patellar apex
D) 1 inch below the patellar apex

Question 43

Often, the leg is too long to fit on one IR for radiographs. Which joint or joints should be included on the IR when the site of a lesion is known?

A) The ankle joint
B) The knee joint
C) Both joints on two IRs
D) The joint closest to the lesion

Question 44

The central-ray angle for a lateral projection of the ankle is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees cephalad.
C) 7 degrees cephalad.
D) 10 degrees caudad.

Question 45

Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle?

A) Directly over the tibia
B) Behind the tibia
C) Over the anterior half of the tibia
D) Over the posterior half of the tibia

Question 46

What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP projection?

A) Perpendicular to the IR
B) Parallel to the IR
C) At a 15- to 20-degree oblique position (laterally)
D) At a 15- to 20-degree oblique position (medially)

Question 47

How far should the IR or collimated field extend beyond the ankle or knee joint for an AP projection of the leg?

A) to 1 inch
B) 1 to 2 inches
C) 1 to 1 inches
D) 2 to 2 inches

Question 48

Which specific projections of the ankle are performed to diagnose a tear of the medial or lateral ligament?
1)AP, eversion stress
2)AP, inversion stress
3)AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree medial rotation

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 49

What is the central-ray angle for an AP projection of the leg?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees caudad
C) 7 degrees caudad
D) 5 to 7 degrees cephalad

Question 50

The medial and lateral oblique projections of the ankle require the leg and foot to be rotated how many degrees?

A) 15
B) 20
C) 45
D) 15 to 20

Question 51

Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the leg?
1)Knee joint
2)Ankle joint
3)Entire femoral condyles

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 52

Which projection will clearly demonstrate the joint spaces between the talus and both malleoli?

A) AP
B) AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree internal rotation
C) AP oblique, 45-degree internal rotation
D) AP oblique, 45-degree external rotation

Question 53

Which of the following objects should be available in the radiography room for performing radiographs of the lower limb?
1)Angle sponges
2)Sandbags
3)Pull straps

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 54

For a lateral projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the:

A) navicular.
B) tibiofibular joint.
C) medial malleolus.
D) lateral malleolus.

Question 55

When the malleoli of the ankle are positioned parallel with the IR, the ankle is in position for which projection?

A) AP
B) AP oblique, 45-degree lateral rotation
C) AP oblique, 45-degree medial rotation
D) AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree medial rotation for the ankle mortise

Question 56

Which of the following are the essential oblique projections of the ankle?
1)AP oblique, 45-degree medial rotation
2)AP oblique, 45-degree lateral rotation
3)AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree medial rotation for the ankle mortise

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 57

Which of the following must be rotated for all oblique projections of the ankle?
1)Pelvis
2)Leg
3)Foot

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 58

Which ankle projection will clearly demonstrate the ankle mortise in profile?

A) AP
B) AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree internal rotation
C) AP oblique, 45-degree internal rotation
D) AP oblique, 45-degree external rotation

Question 59

The central-ray angulation for an AP oblique projection of the ankle is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 7 degrees caudad.
D) 15 degrees caudad.

Question 60

Which projections of the ankle are performed on a patient following an inversion or eversion injury?

A) AP and lateral
B) AP and both obliques
C) AP stress studies
D) AP, lateral, and both obliques

Question 61

The central-ray angle for AP oblique projections of the knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 7 degrees cephalad.
D) variable, depending on the ASIS-to-tabletop distance.

Question 62

When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is between 19 and 24 cm, the central-ray angulation for an AP knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees cephalad.
C) 5 degrees caudad.
D) 7 degrees cephalad.

Question 63

How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee?

A) 10 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 10 to 20 degrees
D) 20 to 30 degrees

Question 64

For an AP oblique projection of the knee, the limb is rotated _____ degrees.

A) 25
B) 30
C) 45
D) 30 to 40

Question 65

Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the knee?

A) inch above the patellar base
B) inch above the patellar apex
C) inch below the patellar base
D) inch below the patellar apex

Question 66

Valgus and varus deformities of the knee can be evaluated with which of the following projections?

A) AP
B) AP oblique
C) PA, bilateral weight-bearing
D) AP, bilateral weight-bearing

Question 67

Which of the following will ensure that the knee is in proper position for a lateral projection?
1)Epicondyles perpendicular to the IR
2)Patella perpendicular to the IR
3)Leg flexed 20 to 30 degrees

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 68

How is the central ray directed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of the intercondylar fossa?

A) Perpendicular to the lower leg
B) Perpendicular to the femur
C) 40 to 50 degrees to lower leg
D) 40 to 50 degrees to the femur

Question 69

The central-ray angle for an AP, bilateral weight-bearing knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 to 7 degrees cephalad.
C) 5 to 7 degrees caudad.
D) dependent upon the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement.

Question 70

How much is the knee joint flexed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of the intercondylar fossa?

A) 20 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 50 degrees
D) 70 degrees

Question 71

Which of the following projections of the knee best demonstrates the narrowing of a joint space?

A) AP
B) AP oblique
C) Lateral
D) AP of both knees with weight-bearing

Question 72

When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is less than 19 cm, the central-ray angulation for an AP knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees cephalad.
C) 5 degrees caudad.
D) 7 degrees caudad.

Question 73

When the knee is properly positioned for an AP projection, the patella will lie:

A) directly in the center of the limb.
B) slightly to the medial side.
C) slightly to the lateral side.
D) parallel with the tabletop.

Question 74

To place the patella parallel with the plane of the IR for a PA projection, the heel must be rotated:

A) 5 to 10 degrees laterally.
B) 5 to 10 degrees medially.
C) 10 to 15 degrees laterally.
D) 10 to 15 degrees medially.

Question 75

Which of the following methods are used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa?
1)Holmblad (PA axial)
2)Camp-Coventry (PA axial)
3)Settegast (tangential)

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 76

When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is greater than 24 cm, the central-ray angulation for an AP knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees cephalad.
C) 5 degrees caudad.
D) 7 degrees cephalad.

Question 77

Which of the following positions can be used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa using the Holmblad method?
1)Standing (horizontal central ray)
2)Kneeling on the table (vertical central ray)
3)Standing with knee on stool (vertical central ray)

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 78

In which position is the patient placed for a PA projection of the patella?

A) Supine
B) Prone
C) Lateral
D) Upright

Question 79

Which of the following is clearly demonstrated on an AP oblique projection of the knee in medial rotation?

A) Distal fibula
B) Tibiotalar articulation
C) Patellofemoral joint space
D) Tibiofibular articulation

Question 80

The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 3 to 5 degrees cephalad.
C) dependent upon the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement.
D) 5 to 7 degrees cephalad.