Deck 7: Pelvis and Upper Femora

Question 1

Unless contraindicated, the lower limb and leg should be internally rotated for an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller). How many degrees of rotation are required?

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 15 to 20

Answer 1

15 to 20

Question 2

How many degrees is the lower limb and foot rotated internally for an AP hip?

A) 5 degrees
B) 12 degrees
C) 15 to 20 degrees
D) 30 degrees

Answer 2

15 to 20 degrees

Question 3

To accurately position the patient for hip radiographs, one must localize two bony points on the pelvis. These two reference points are the:
1)superior margin of the symphysis.
2)greater trochanter of the femur.
3)anterior superior iliac spine.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 3

1 and 3

Question 4

The neck of the femur projects anteriorly at an approximate angle of _____ degrees.

A) 15
B) 20
C) 15 to 20
D) 20 to 25

Question 5

Which of the following methods will demonstrate the hip in a lateral projection?

A) Cleaves
B) Modified Cleaves
C) Danelius-Miller
D) Lauenstein, Hickey

Question 6

Which of the following will be shown "in profile" if the lower limbs are in correct position for an AP pelvis?

A) Lesser trochanters
B) Greater trochanters
C) Anterior superior iliac spines
D) Anterior inferior iliac spines

Question 7

The ilia articulate with the sacrum posteriorly at the:

A) hip joint.
B) pubic symphysis.
C) sacroiliac joint.
D) lumbar-5 and sacral-1 area.

Question 8

Which of the following describes the direction of the central ray for an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?
1)Perpendicular to the IR
2)Perpendicular to the long axis of the femoral neck
3)Perpendicular to the long axis of the femur

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 9

What is the central-ray angle for an AP projection of the hip?

A) 15 degrees
B) 20 degrees
C) 15 to 20 degrees
D) Perpendicular

Question 10

For the AP oblique femoral necks (modified Cleaves method), the central ray is directed _____ degrees.

A) 0
B) 15
C) 35
D) 45

Question 11

Which of the following methods demonstrate the hip in an axiolateral projection?

A) Chassard-Lapiné
B) Modified Cleaves
C) Danelius-Miller
D) Lauenstein, Hickey

Question 12

What is the recommended collimated field size for an AP hip?

A) 6 * 6 inches (15 * 15 cm)
B) 8 * 10 inches (18 * 24 cm)
C) 10 * 12 inches (24 * 30 cm)
D) 14 * 17 inches (35 * 43 cm)

Question 13

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP hip?

A) The midsagittal plane (MSP) at the level of the ASIS
B) A sagittal plane 2 inches lateral from MSP at the level of the pubic symphysis
C) 2 inches (6.4 cm) distal on a line drawn perpendicular to the midpoint of a line between ASIS and pubic symphysis
D) A sagittal plane 3 inches medial to the ASIS

Question 14

The hip bone is composed of which of the following?
1)Ilium
2)Pubis
3)Ischium

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 15

Which of the following devices are necessary to perform an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?
1)Sandbags
2)Leg support device
3)Vertical IR holder

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 16

Which of the following describes the position of the IR for the axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?
1)Parallel with the long axis of the femoral neck
2)Its upper border in the crease above the iliac crest
3)Perpendicular to the long axis of the femur

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 17

Which of the following methods will demonstrate the femoral necks in the AP oblique projection?

A) Original Cleaves
B) Modified Cleaves
C) Danelius-Miller
D) Lauenstein, Hickey

Question 18

How much should the thighs be abducted for the AP oblique projection of the femoral necks (modified Cleaves method)?

A) 10 degrees
B) 20 degrees
C) 30 degrees
D) 45 degrees

Question 19

The central ray for an AP pelvis is directed perpendicular to the center of the IR. The central-ray entrance point will be about _____ inches _____ to the pubic symphysis.

A) 2; superior
B) 3; superior
C) 2; inferior
D) 3; inferior

Question 20

How many degrees should the feet and lower limbs be internally rotated for an AP pelvis radiograph?

A) 5 to 10 degrees
B) 15 to 20 degrees
C) 20 to 30 degrees
D) 25 to 30 degrees

Question 21

A malformation of the acetabulum causing displacement of the femoral head is known as:

A) osteopetrosis.
B) Paget's disease.
C) congenital hip dysplasia.
D) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

Question 22

Flattening of the femoral head due to a vascular interruption is known as:

A) chondrosarcoma.
B) Paget's disease.
C) congenital hip dysplasia.
D) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

Question 23

The SI joint is a _____ joint.

A) synovial irregular, gliding
B) synovial, ellipsoidal
C) cartilaginous, synchondroses
D) cartilaginous, symphysis

Question 24

Which of the following best describes the female pelvis?
1)Heavy bones
2)Oval inlet
3)Wide outlet

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 25

How far apart should the heels be placed to internally rotate the lower limbs for an AP pelvis?

A) 8 inches
B) 10 inches
C) 15 inches
D) 8 to 10 inches

Question 26

In the anatomic position, the body of the femur is angled _____ degrees.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 15 to 20

Question 27

The hip joint is a _____ joint.

A) fibrous, gomphosis
B) fibrous, syndesmosis
C) synovial, gliding
D) synovial, ball-and-socket

Question 28

The strongest bone in the body is the:

A) femur.
B) pelvis.
C) skull.
D) humerus.

Question 29

The body is placed at what angle for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?

A) 45 degrees
B) 50 degrees
C) 40 to 50 degrees
D) 45 to 60 degrees

Question 30

The respiration phase for the axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller) is:

A) inspiration.
B) expiration.
C) suspended respiration.
D) shallow breathing.

Question 31

Which of the following IR sizes, and which position, are used for the AP projection of the hip?

A) 10 * 12 inch (24 * 30 cm), crosswise
B) 10 * 12 inch (24 * 30 cm), lengthwise
C) 14 * 17 inch (35 * 43 cm), lengthwise
D) 14 * 17 inch (35 * 43 cm), crosswise

Question 32

Which of the following rami are a part of the pubis?
1)Superior
2)Inferior
3)Ischial

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 33

What is the central-ray entrance point for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?

A) 2 inches superior to the ASIS
B) 2 inches inferior to the ASIS
C) 3 inches superior to the ASIS
D) 3 inches inferior to the ASIS

Question 34

Which of the following projections can be performed with one exposure if a compensating filter is used?

A) AP hip
B) AP oblique ilium
C) AP oblique acetabulum (Judet method)
D) Axiolateral hip (Danelius-Miller method)

Question 35

Which of the following is an important and frequently used radiographic positioning reference point?

A) Acetabulum
B) Ischial spine
C) Anterior superior iliac spine
D) Posterior superior iliac spine

Question 36

Where is the central ray directed for the AP oblique projection (modified Cleaves) of the femoral necks?

A) At the pubic symphysis
B) 1 inch superior to the pubic symphysis
C) 1 inch inferior to the pubic symphysis
D) 2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

Question 37

Where is the IR centered for an AP pelvis?

A) Midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis
B) At the level of the ASIS
C) At the level of the pubic symphysis
D) 2 inches below the iliac crest

Question 38

How much is the central ray angled for the AP oblique projection (Judet method) of the acetabulum?

A) 0 degrees
B) 10 degrees
C) 12 degrees
D) 15 degrees

Question 39

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the pelvis?

A) Full expiration
B) Full inspiration
C) Suspended respiration
D) Shallow breathing

Question 40

The angle of the SI joints is _____ degrees relative to the midsagittal plane.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 25 to 30
D) 30 to 35

Question 41

The internal oblique position of the AP oblique projection (Judet method) demonstrates the _____ column and _____ rim of acetabulum.

A) iliopubic; posterior
B) iliopubic; anterior
C) ilioischial; posterior
D) ilioischial; anterior

Question 42

What anatomy is labeled as letter C in the image below?

A) Iliac crest
B) Ala of ilium
C) ASIS
D) AIIS

Question 43

What projection and anatomy of interest is depicted in the image below?

A) AP oblique (modified Cleaves); femoral necks
B) AP oblique (Cleaves); femoral necks
C) AP axial (Taylor); anterior pelvic bones
D) AP axial (Bridgeman); pelvic inlet

Question 44

What anatomy is labeled as letter B in the image below?

A) Acetabulum
B) Femoral head
C) Lesser trochanter
D) Iliac crest

Question 45

What positioning error is evident in the image below?

A) None. This image meets all evaluation criteria for this projection.
B) The lower limbs were not internally rotated.
C) The lower limbs were not externally rotated.
D) The knees were not flexed to reduce lordotic curve.

Question 46

What projection (method) is demonstrated in the image below?

A) AP oblique (modified Cleaves)
B) Mediolateral (Lauenstein)
C) Axiolateral (Danelius-Miller)
D) AP oblique (Judet)

Question 47

The AP axial projection (Bridgeman method) requires that the central ray be directed:

A) perpendicular.
B) 20 to 35 degrees caudad for males; 30 to 45 degrees caudad for females.
C) 40 degrees caudad.
D) 40 degrees cephalad.

Question 48

What anatomy is labeled as letter A in the image below?

A) Acetabulum
B) Femoral head
C) Femoral neck
D) Greater trochanter

Question 49

Examine this AP oblique (Judet) image of the right hip obtained with the patient positioned for the internal oblique. What patient position is depicted?

A) 45 degrees RPO
B) 45 degrees LPO
C) 45 degrees RAO
D) 45 degrees LAO

Question 50

Examine this AP oblique (Judet) image of the right hip obtained with the patient positioned for the internal oblique. What is the anatomy of interest?

A) Anterior acetabular rim and iliopubic column
B) Posterior acetabular rim and iliopubic column
C) Anterior acetabular rim and ilioischial column
D) Posterior acetabular rim and ilioischial column

Question 51

The external oblique position of the AP oblique projection (Judet method) demonstrates the _____ column and _____ rim of acetabulum.

A) iliopubic; posterior
B) iliopubic; anterior
C) ilioischial; posterior
D) ilioischial; anterior

Question 52

What anatomy is labeled as letter C in the image below?

A) Acetabulum
B) Femoral head
C) Femoral neck
D) Iliac crest

Question 53

What anatomy is labeled as letter H in the image below?

A) Pubic symphysis
B) Obturator foramen
C) Ischial tuberosity
D) Superior pubic ramus