Deck 9: Bony Thorax

Question 1

What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum?

A) Deep expiration
B) Deep inspiration
C) Slow, shallow breathing
D) Long, deep breathing

Answer 1

Deep inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?

A) AP, supine
B) PA, prone
C) PA oblique, LAO
D) PA oblique, RAO

Answer 2

PA oblique, RAO

Question 3

For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the lowest position in the body?

A) Obese
B) Hyposthenic
C) Hypersthenic
D) Emaciated

Answer 3

Hyposthenic

Question 4

Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum?

A) Fifth thoracic vertebra
B) Seventh thoracic vertebra
C) Manubrium sterni
D) Jugular notch

Question 5

Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum?

A) Locked behind the back
B) Straight down at the side
C) Locked above the head
D) Back of the hands against the thighs

Question 6

Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to the posterior ends?

A) 1 inch lower
B) 1 inch higher
C) 3 to 5 inches lower
D) 3 to 5 inches higher

Question 7

Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patient who must remain relatively supine?

A) AP projection
B) PA projection, RAO
C) AP projection, LPO
D) AP projection, RPO

Question 8

The central-ray angle for a lateral sternum is:

A) 5 degrees caudad.
B) 10 degrees caudad.
C) 10 to 12 degrees caudad.
D) perpendicular.

Question 9

Which joints articulate with a vertebra?
1)Costovertebral
2)Costotransverse
3)Costochondral

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 10

Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum?
1)Inspiration
2)Expiration
3)Slow, shallow breathing

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 11

The central-ray angle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is:

A) 5 degrees caudad.
B) 10 degrees caudad.
C) 15 degrees caudad.
D) perpendicular.

Question 12

For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body?

A) Sthenic
B) Asthenic
C) Hyposthenic
D) Hypersthenic

Question 13

The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus?

A) Sthenic
B) Asthenic
C) Hyposthenic
D) Hypersthenic

Question 14

What is the distance of movement of the diaphragm between deep inspiration and deep expiration?

A) 1 inches
B) 2 inches
C) 3 inches
D) 4 inches

Question 15

Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?

A) PA oblique, RAO
B) PA oblique, LAO
C) AP oblique, RPO
D) AP oblique, LPO

Question 16

Which of the following form the bony thorax?
1)Sternum
2)12 pairs of ribs
3)12 thoracic vertebrae

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 17

The space between each of the ribs is called the:

A) costal cartilage.
B) intercostal spaces.
C) costovertebral joints.
D) costotransverse joints.

Question 18

Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examining the ribs that lie at the level of the diaphragm?

A) One deep inspiration (or expiration) and hold
B) Two deep expirations (or inspirations) and hold
C) Suspended respiration
D) Slow, shallow breathing

Question 19

Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?

A) 48 inches
B) 60 inches
C) 72 inches
D) 120 inches

Question 20

How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum?

A) 10 degrees
B) 20 degrees
C) 5 to 10 degrees
D) 15 to 20 degrees

Question 21

How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?

A) On the left side
B) On the right side
C) With the forehead and nose on the table
D) With the midsagittal plane vertical

Question 22

The approximate length of the sternum is _____ inches.

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

Question 23

What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?

A) Full expiration
B) Full inspiration
C) Suspended respiration
D) Slow, shallow breathing

Question 24

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm?

A) Suspended respiration
B) Full inspiration
C) Full expiration
D) Slow, shallow breathing

Question 25

Which of the following is the recommended position for optimal demonstration of the upper anterior ribs?
1)Recumbent
2)Standing
3)Seated upright

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 26

How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs?

A) 30 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 20 to 30 degrees
D) 35 to 45 degrees

Question 27

The central-ray angulation for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joint is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 10 degrees caudad.
D) 10 to 15 degrees caudad.

Question 28

Which of the following body positions will project the left ribs clear of the heart?
1)Lateral
2)LAO
3)RPO

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 29

Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?

A) At the xiphoid
B) At the ASIS
C) 1 inches above the crest of the ilium
D) At the iliac crest

Question 30

How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (body rotation technique)?

A) 10 degrees
B) 20 degrees
C) 10 to 15 degrees
D) 20 to 30 degrees

Question 31

The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:

A) expiration.
B) inspiration.
C) suspended respiration.
D) slow, shallow breathing.

Question 32

How far is the top of the 14 * 17 inch (35 * 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upper border of the shoulder for projections of the ribs?

A) 1 inch
B) 1
Inches
C) 2 inches
D) 2 inches

Question 33

How is the patient's head positioned for a PA projection of one sternoclavicular joint?

A) Turn the head to face the affected side.
B) Turn the head to face the unaffected side.
C) With the forehead and nose on the table
D) With the midsagittal plane vertical.

Question 34

Which ribs are demonstrated on an AP oblique projection?

A) Upper ribs only
B) Lower ribs only
C) Side farthest from the IR
D) Side closest to the IR

Question 35

The central-ray angulation for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (body rotation technique) is:

A) 5 degrees cephalad.
B) 7 degrees cephalad.
C) 10 degrees cephalad.
D) perpendicular.

Question 36

When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclavicular articulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?

A) Both joints are demonstrated
B) The joint closest to the IR
C) The joint farthest from the IR
D) Both joints-but varies depending on body habitus

Question 37

The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 10 degrees cephalad.
D) 12 degrees cephalad.

Question 38

Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints?

A) Second thoracic vertebra
B) Third thoracic vertebra
C) Manubrium sterni
D) Body of the sternum

Question 39

The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the:

A) body.
B) xiphoid.
C) sternal angle.
D) jugular notch.

Question 40

How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away from the rib cage?

A) Palms of the hands against the hips
B) Palms of the hands against the midthigh
C) Back of the hands against the hips
D) Back of the hands against the mid-thigh

Question 41

Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only?

A) 1 to 7
B) 1 to 10
C) 8 to 12
D) 11 and 12

Question 42

What degree of x-ray tube angulation is required to demonstrate the sternum on a patient whose thorax measures 15 cm?

A) 20 degrees
B) 22 degrees
C) 28 degrees
D) 30 degrees

Question 43

The 10 costochondral joints of the ribs are:

A) synovial-pivot.
B) synovial-gliding.
C) cartilaginous-symphysis.
D) cartilaginous-synchondroses.

Question 44

Which ribs are best demonstrated in this image?

A) Axillary portion of the right ribs
B) Axillary portion of the left ribs
C) Ribs above the diaphragm (upper ribs)
D) Ribs below the diaphragm (lower ribs)

Question 45

Which of the following IR size and position is for the AP projection of the lower ribs?

A) 14 * 17 inches (35 * 43 cm) lengthwise
B) 14 * 17 inches (35 * 43 cm) crosswise
C) 10 * 12 inches (24 * 30 cm) lengthwise
D) 10 * 14 inches (24 * 35 cm) crosswise

Question 46

The costal cartilages of the eighth through tenth ribs attach to:

A) each other.
B) the sternum.
C) the costal cartilage of the seventh rib.
D) the body of the seventh rib.

Question 47

Which ribs are best demonstrated in the image below?

A) Axillary portion of right ribs
B) Axillary portion of left ribs
C) Ribs above the diaphragm
D) Ribs below the diaphragm

Question 48

Which ribs are called the false ribs?

A) 1 to 7
B) 1 to 10
C) 8 to 12
D) 11 and 12

Question 49

Which ribs are called the true ribs?

A) 1 to 7
B) 1 to 10
C) 8 to 12
D) 11 and 12

Question 50

Which ribs are best demonstrated in the image below?

A) Axillary portion of right ribs
B) Axillary portion of left ribs
C) Left ribs above the diaphragm
D) Right ribs below the diaphragm

Question 51

What breathing instructions are given to the patient before making the exposure for this image?

A) Inhale and hold your breath.
B) Exhale and hold your breath.
C) Inhale, exhale, inhale and hold your breath.
D) Breathe normally.

Question 52

How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum?

A) Top of the IR is at C7-T1.
B) Top of the IR is at T3.
C) Top of the IR is 1 inches above the jugular notch.
D) Top of the IR is 2 inches above the jugular notch.

Question 53

Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs?

A) At the level of T1
B) 1 inch above the upper border of the shoulder
C) 1 inches above the upper border of the shoulder
D) 2 inches above the upper border of the shoulder

Question 54

To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:

A) inspiration.
B) expiration.
C) suspended respiration.
D) slow, shallow breathing.

Question 55

How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 10
D) 12

Question 56

The 12 costovertebral joints of the ribs are:

A) synovial-pivot.
B) synovial-gliding.
C) cartilaginous-symphysis.
D) cartilaginous-synchondroses.

Question 57

What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of the sternum?

A) 30 inches
B) 40 inches
C) 48 inches
D) 72 inches

Question 58

What degree of x-ray tube angulation is required to demonstrate the sternum on a patient whose thorax measures 30 cm?

A) 12 degrees
B) 16 degrees
C) 19 degrees
D) 22 degrees