Deck 10: Thoracic Viscera

Question 1

The area between the two lungs is termed the:

A) carina.
B) thorax.
C) mediastinum.
D) pleural space.

Answer 1

mediastinum.

Question 2

What is the name of the hooklike process on the last tracheal cartilage?

A) Carina
B) Larynx
C) Alveolus
D) Bronchiole

Answer 2

Carina

Question 3

The part of the lung that extends above the clavicle is termed the:

A) apex.
B) base.
C) hilum.
D) lingula.

Answer 3

apex.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the position of the thymus gland?

A) In the mediastinum
B) In the anterior neck
C) Behind the heart
D) Behind the manubrium

Question 5

The respiratory system proper consists of the:
1)larynx.
2)trachea and bronchi.
3)both lungs.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 6

Which of the following radiographs are usually taken on a patient who is suspected of having a small amount of free air in the pleural cavity?
1)AP, full inspiration
2)AP, full expiration
3)AP, R or L lateral decubitus

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 7

Which of the following are a part of the mediastinum?
1)Lungs
2)Heart
3)Esophagus

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 8

After entering the hilum, each primary bronchus divides. How many primary branches are in the right lung?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 9

The lungs are composed of a light, spongy, elastic substance called the:

A) pleura.
B) bronchioles.
C) parenchyma.
D) serous membrane.

Question 10

Which of the following would not be included in the mediastinum?
1)Thymus
2)Larynx
3)Diaphragm

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 11

What is the name of the double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lung?

A) Lingula
B) Pleura
C) Pleural cavity
D) Costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 12

Where does the esophagus lie in relation to the trachea?

A) To the right
B) To the left
C) In front of the trachea
D) Behind the trachea

Question 13

The thoracic viscera consists of the:
1)lungs.
2)mediastinum.
3)diaphragm.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 14

What is the name of the tongue-shaped process on the anterior-medial border of the left lung?

A) Apex
B) Base
C) Hilum
D) Lingula

Question 15

The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is termed:

A) pneumonias.
B) pneumothorax.
C) pneumomediastinum.
D) pneumopericardium.

Question 16

The right lung is about how much shorter than the left?

A) inch
B) 1 inch
C) 1 inches
D) 2 inches

Question 17

What is the most optimal position of the patient for examinations of the heart and lungs?

A) Prone
B) Supine
C) Upright
D) Decubitus

Question 18

Which of the following exposure techniques is required to penetrate all of the thoracic anatomy?

A) Low kVp
B) High kVp
C) Short exposure time
D) Long exposure time

Question 19

Why is the left lateral chest position the most commonly used for lateral radiographs of the chest?

A) Less chance of body rotation
B) Patient's heart is closer to the IR
C) There is greater magnification of the heart
D) Easier to visualize interlobar fissures

Question 20

Where does the trachea lie in relation to the esophagus?

A) Posterior
B) Anterior
C) To the left
D) To the right

Question 21

What is the central-ray angle for the Lindblom method (lordotic position) of demonstrating the pulmonary apices?

A) 0 degrees
B) 10 degrees cephalad
C) 15 degrees cephalad
D) 15 to 20 degrees cephalad

Question 22

How many ribs should be visible above the diaphragm on a PA chest radiograph?

A) 9
B) 10
C) 11
D) 12

Question 23

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique, LAO position of the chest during a cardiac series?

A) 45 degrees
B) 50 degrees
C) 55 to 60 degrees
D) 60 to 70 degrees

Question 24

For AP oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR.

A) closer to
B) farther from

Question 25

How many degrees of body rotation are required for routine AP or PA oblique chest radiography?

A) 30
B) 45
C) 60
D) 30 to 40

Question 26

Which of the following will be observed on a supine AP chest radiograph?
1)Clavicles projected higher
2)Lung fields appear shorter
3)All 12 ribs are seen

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 27

Which plane must be accurately parallel with the IR to prevent distortion of the thoracic structures during a lateral chest radiograph?

A) Coronal plane
B) Horizontal plane
C) Transverse plane
D) Midsagittal plane

Question 28

When the patient is properly positioned for a PA oblique of the chest, the central ray will enter the body:

A) at the thoracic spine.
B) 2 inches anterior to the spine.
C) 2 inches posterior to the spine.
D) midway between the lateral surface of the elevated side and the spine.

Question 29

What is the optimal respiration phase for a PA or lateral chest radiograph?

A) Full inspiration-first breath
B) Full expiration-first breath
C) Full inspiration-second breath
D) Full expiration-second breath

Question 30

How far above the shoulders should the IR be positioned for PA and lateral chest radiographs?

A) 1 inch
B) 2 inches
C) 3 inches
D) 1 to 2 inches

Question 31

What is the central-ray angle for a PA chest radiograph?

A) 5 degrees caudad
B) 5 degrees cephalad
C) 5 to 7 degrees caudad
D) Perpendicular

Question 32

What is the central-ray angulation for an AP or PA oblique projection of the chest?

A) 0 degrees
B) 10 degrees caudad
C) 15 to 20 degrees caudad for PA
D) 15 to 20 degrees cephalad for AP

Question 33

What is the recommended SID for a supine AP chest radiograph?

A) 40 inches
B) 48 inches
C) 72 inches
D) 120 inches

Question 34

Which of the following are advantages of using an SID of 72 inches for chest radiography?
1)Decreased magnification of the heart
2)Sharper outlines of the delicate lung structures
3)Greater penetration of the mediastinum

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 35

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for a PA oblique projection of the lungs?

A) 2 inches above the clavicles
B) 1 to 2 inches above the relaxed shoulders
C) 1 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens
D) 3 to 4 inches above the vertebral prominens

Question 36

The AP oblique projection, RPO position of the chest corresponds to and essentially produces the same image as the _____ oblique projection, _____.

A) AP; LPO
B) PA; RAO
C) PA; LAO

Question 37

How far should the patient stand in front of the grid device before leaning backward for the lordotic position?

A) foot
B) 1 foot
C) 1 feet
D) 2 feet

Question 38

For PA oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR.

A) closer to
B) farther from

Question 39

The Lindblom method is used to demonstrate the:

A) posterior ribs.
B) upper anterior ribs.
C) heart and great vessels.
D) pulmonary apices.

Question 40

Where are the hands placed for a PA projection of the chest?

A) Back of the hands on the hips
B) Palms of the hands on the hips
C) Backs of the hands on the lateral thighs
D) Palms of the hands on the lateral thighs

Question 41

How is the central ray positioned for an x-ray projection done with the patient placed in a decubitus position?

A) Vertical
B) Horizontal
C) Transverse
D) Longitudinal

Question 42

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity, on which side must the patient lie?

A) Affected side
B) Unaffected side
C) Either side

Question 43

The radiographic projections performed using the decubitus positions are:
1)oblique.
2)lateral.
3)AP/PA.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 44

The thoracic cavity contains which of the following?
1)Heart
2)Thymus gland
3)Inferior esophagus

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 45

The costophrenic angle is a part of the:

A) heart.
B) lungs.
C) diaphragm.
D) trachea.

Question 46

What is the respiration phase for AP or lateral projections performed in the decubitus position?

A) Suspended respiration
B) Full inspiration
C) Full expiration
D) Slow, shallow breathing

Question 47

What is the recommended SID for a PA chest radiograph?

A) 40 inches
B) 48 inches
C) 72 inches
D) 120 inches

Question 48

The thoracic cavity is enclosed with a shiny, slippery lining called the:

A) carina.
B) mediastinum.
C) diaphragm.
D) serous membrane.

Question 49

Each lung is divided into specific segments called:

A) lobes.
B) fissures.
C) pleura.
D) bronchopulmonary segments.

Question 50

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate free air in the pleural cavity, on which side must the patient lie?

A) Affected side
B) Unaffected side
C) Either side

Question 51

The space between the two pleural walls is called the:

A) lingula.
B) mediastinum.
C) pleural cavity.
D) parenchyma.

Question 52

Which of the following are required to produce a radiograph using a decubitus position?
1)Breathing technique
2)Patient in the recumbent position
3)Horizontal x-ray beam

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 53

If the patient cannot be placed in the lordotic position for radiography of the pulmonary apices, what is the central-ray angle that can be used to project the clavicles above the apices?

A) 5 to 10 degrees caudad
B) 5 to 10 degrees cephalad
C) 15 to 20 degrees caudad
D) 15 to 20 degrees cephalad

Question 54

What is the patient position for a lateral projection done in the dorsal decubitus position?

A) Seated
B) Standing
C) Prone
D) Supine

Question 55

The smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree is the _____ bronchial.

A) terminal
B) tertiary
C) secondary
D) primary

Question 56

What is the respiration phase for the AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices?

A) Inspiration
B) Expiration
C) Suspended expiration
D) Slow, shallow breathing

Question 57

Which of the following must be clearly demonstrated on x-ray projections done using a decubitus position?
1)Entire lung fields
2)Patient's arms not visible in the image
3)Identification to indicate which decubitus

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 58

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion within the:

A) alveoli.
B) alveolar duct.
C) bronchioles.
D) terminal bronchioles.

Question 59

How long should the patient remain in position before making the exposure when performing a projection in the lateral or dorsal decubitus position?

A) 1 minute
B) 2 minutes
C) 5 minutes
D) 10 minutes

Question 60

Which side of the patient's chest is placed against the vertical IR for a ventral or dorsal decubitus lateral projection?

A) Affected side
B) Unaffected side
C) Either side

Question 61

When fluid replaces air in the lung interstitium and alveoli, the patient is said to have:

A) pulmonary edema.
B) pneumonia.
C) pleural effusion.
D) pneumothorax.

Question 62

What anatomy is labeled as letter A in the image below?

A) Apex of right lung
B) Apex of left lung
C) Costophrenic angle of right lung
D) Costophrenic angle of left lung

Question 63

Inflammation of the bronchi would be termed:

A) branchioma.
B) bronchitis.
C) bronchotomy.
D) bronchiectasis.

Question 64

What anatomy is labeled as letter C in the image below?

A) Thymus gland
B) Heart
C) Lingula
D) Aortic arch

Question 65

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for a supine AP chest radiograph?

A) At the level of the shoulders
B) At the level of the clavicles
C) 1 inch above the relaxed shoulders
D) 1 to 2 inches above the relaxed shoulders

Question 66

How far above the top of the shoulders should the IR be positioned for any decubitus position of the chest?

A) At the level of the shoulders
B) 1 to 2 inches above the shoulders
C) 2 to 3 inches above the shoulders
D) 3 to 4 inches above the shoulders

Question 67

The aspiration of a foreign particle in the lung would be termed:

A) pneumonia.
B) bronchitis.
C) viral pneumonia.
D) aspiration pneumonia.

Question 68

Which positioning maneuver moves the scapulae out of the lateral aspects of the lungs?

A) Placing the backs of the hands low on the hips
B) Rolling the shoulders forward
C) Depressing the shoulders to lie in the same transverse plane
D) Placing the patient in an upright position

Question 69

What anatomy is labeled as letter D and outlined with white dots in the image below?

A) Apex of right lung
B) Apex of left lung
C) Costophrenic angle of right lung
D) Costophrenic angle of left lung

Question 70

A chronic condition with persistent obstruction of the bronchial airflow is termed:

A) bronchitis.
B) bronchotomy.
C) bronchiectasis.
D) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Question 71

Fluid that collects in the pleural cavity is termed:

A) pneumonia.
B) pneumoconiosis.
C) pleural effusion.
D) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Question 72

Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on an AP or PA oblique projection of the lungs?
1)Both lungs in their entirety
2)R and L primary bronchi
3)The trachea filled with air

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 73

What anatomy is labeled as letter B in the image below?

A) Apex of right lung
B) Apex of left lung
C) Aortic arch
D) Thymus gland

Question 74

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for an AP oblique projection of the lungs?

A) 1 inches above the relaxed shoulders
B) 1 inches above the jugular notch
C) 1 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens or 2 inches above the jugular notch
D) 1 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens or 5 inches above the jugular notch