Deck 16: Abdomen

Question 1

Which of the following are prime considerations in producing an optimal image of the abdomen?
1)Apply compression.
2)Explain the breathing procedure to the patient.
3)Do not start the exposure for 1 to 2 seconds after suspension of respiration.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 1

2 and 3

Question 2

Demonstrating small amounts of intraperitoneal gas in patients with an acute abdomen is often necessary. How long should the patient lie in the left lateral position before the exposure is made?

A) 10 to 20 minutes
B) 30 to 45 minutes
C) Variable, depending on the body habitus
D) Variable, depending on the patient's condition

Answer 2

10 to 20 minutes

Question 3

The pathologic accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is termed:

A) obstruction.
B) ascites.
C) aortic aneurysm.
D) ileus.

Answer 3

ascites.

Question 4

The serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic walls is called the:

A) peritoneum.
B) mesentery.
C) omentum.
D) peritoneal cavity.

Question 5

What is the respiration phase for an AP abdominal image obtained with the patient in the supine position?

A) Inspiration
B) Expiration
C) Suspended respiration
D) Slow, deep breathing

Question 6

Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the long axis of the grid for a lateral projection of the abdomen?

A) Transverse plane
B) Horizontal plane
C) Midcoronal plane
D) Midsagittal plane

Question 7

For which of the following projections of the abdomen is the x-ray beam placed in the horizontal position?
1)Lateral
2)PA, upright
3)AP, lateral decubitus

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 8

What is the respiration phase for an AP abdominal image obtained with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position?

A) Suspended
B) Inspiration
C) Expiration
D) Variable, depending on the patient status

Question 9

One of the primary reasons a left lateral decubitus abdominal image is performed is to demonstrate:

A) foreign bodies.
B) the location of tumor masses.
C) intestinal gas.
D) air-fluid levels.

Question 10

Where is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the abdomen performed with the patient in the dorsal decubitus position?

A) L3
B) At the iliac crests
C) 2 inches above the iliac crests
D) 2 inches below the iliac crests

Question 11

Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image performed with the patient in the supine position?

A) L3
B) Lower rib margin
C) At the umbilicus
D) Iliac crests

Question 12

The most commonly performed abdominal examination is referred to as a(n):

A) KUB.
B) EXU.
C) IVP.
D) IVC.

Question 13

Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image performed with the patient in the upright position?

A) L3
B) Lower rib margin
C) Iliac crests
D) 2 inches above the iliac crests

Question 14

What is the respiration phase for an AP or PA abdominal image obtained with the patient in the upright position?

A) Inspiration
B) Expiration
C) Suspended respiration
D) Shallow breathing

Question 15

If a patient is unable to stand for an upright AP abdominal image, which position should be used?

A) Ventral decubitus
B) Dorsal decubitus
C) Left lateral decubitus
D) Tight lateral decubitus

Question 16

Where is the center of the IR positioned for an upright PA abdominal image?

A) L3
B) At the lower rib margin
C) At the iliac crests
D) 2 inches above the iliac crests

Question 17

Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image obtained in the left lateral decubitus position?

A) L3
B) Xiphoid
C) 2 inches above the iliac crests
D) Iliac crests

Question 18

The central-ray angulation for an AP abdominal image is:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 5 degrees cephalad.
D) 7 degrees cephalad.

Question 19

A properly exposed abdominal image will exhibit the:
1)psoas muscles.
2)lower border of the liver.
3)transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 20

Which of the following are clearly shown on a lateral abdomen projection performed with the patient in the dorsal decubitus position?
1)Prevertebral space
2)Air-fluid levels
3)Urinary bladder

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 21

Which of the following is used to evaluate rotation on a KUB image?
1)Spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae should be in the center of the vertebral body.
2)Alae of the ilia are symmetric.
3)Ischial spines, if visible, are symmetric.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 22

The space between the two layers of peritoneum is called the:

A) pleural cavity.
B) peritoneal cavity.
C) diaphragm.
D) abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 23

Which of the following organs lie in the abdominal cavity?
1)Stomach
2)Gallbladder
3)Kidneys

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 24

The inner portion of the sac that covers the abdominal organs is termed the:

A) parietal peritoneum.
B) visceral peritoneum.
C) parietal pleura.
D) visceral pleura.

Question 25

Which structures are outlined with dots in this AP image of the abdomen?

A) Stomach
B) Liver
C) Kidneys
D) Psoas muscles

Question 26

Which of the following organs lie in the pelvic cavity?
1)Kidneys
2)Rectum
3)Urinary bladder

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 27

The folds of peritoneum that support the abdominal organs are called the:
1)omenta.
2)mesentery.
3)pleura.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 28

What is the cavity posterior to the peritoneum?

A) Parietal peritoneum
B) Peritoneal cavity
C) Retroperitoneum
D) Retrogastrium

Question 29

The outer portion of the sac that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is termed the:

A) parietal peritoneum.
B) visceral peritoneum.
C) parietal pleura.
D) visceral pleura.

Question 30

A three-way abdominal series may be ordered to rule out all of the following except:

A) infection.
B) tumor mass.
C) bowel obstruction.
D) free air.