Deck 17: Digestive System: Alimentary Canal

Question 1

The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?

A) Three
B) Four
C) Five
D) Eight

Answer 1

Three

Question 2

How long is the entire alimentary canal?

A) 5 feet
B) 10 feet
C) 20 feet
D) 30 feet

Answer 2

30 feet

Question 3

What is the length of the average adult small intestine?

A) 10 feet
B) 12 feet
C) 20 feet
D) 22 feet

Answer 3

22 feet

Question 4

The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the:

A) haustra.
B) iliacus muscle.
C) psoas muscle.
D) mesentery.

Question 5

The area identified in the figure below is the:

A) fundus.
B) duodenum.
C) pyloric portion.
D) angular notch.

Question 6

The area identified in the figure below is the:

A) fundus.
B) body.
C) cardiac antrum.
D) greater curvature.

Question 7

The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the:

A) cardiac notch.
B) abdominal esophagus.
C) cardiac antrum.
D) esophagogastric junction.

Question 8

The widest portion of the small bowel is the:

A) ileum.
B) duodenum.
C) jejunum.
D) sigmoid.

Question 9

For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?

A) Sthenic
B) Asthenic
C) Hyposthenic
D) Hypersthenic

Question 10

Functions of the stomach include:
1)storage of food.
2)absorption of food products.
3)chemical breakdown of food.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 11

For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?

A) Sthenic
B) Asthenic
C) Hyposthenic
D) Hypersthenic

Question 12

The part of the stomach identified in the figure below is the:

A) greater curvature.
B) pyloric antrum.
C) pyloric canal.
D) pyloric sphincter.

Question 13

The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:

A) ileum.
B) pylorus.
C) jejunum.
D) duodenum.

Question 14

Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?
1)Mouth and pharynx
2)Stomach and intestine
3)Liver and pancreas

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 15

The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the:

A) pylorus.
B) pyloric sphincter.
C) pyloric antrum.
D) ileocecal valve.

Question 16

The area identified in the figure below is the:

A) fundus.
B) angular notch.
C) cardiac antrum.
D) lesser curvature.

Question 17

The stomach wall is composed of how many layers?

A) One
B) Two
C) Four
D) Five

Question 18

The wall of the small intestine is composed of how many coats?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 19

Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?
1)Anus
2)Colon
3)Esophagus

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 20

The main functions of the small bowel are _____ of food.
1)digestion
2)absorption
3)storage

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 21

The gallbladder functions to:

A) produce and secrete bile.
B) store and concentrate bile.
C) regulate digestion of fatty acids.
D) break down toxins in the bloodstream.

Question 22

The area of the colon identified in the figure below is the:

A) cecum.
B) ileum.
C) rectum.
D) sigmoid.

Question 23

The area of the colon identified in the figure below is the:

A) left colic flexure.
B) right colic flexure.
C) ascending colon.
D) descending colon.

Question 24

The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:

A) cecum.
B) ileum.
C) sigmoid.
D) ascending colon.

Question 25

The two vessels that supply blood to the liver are the:

A) portal vein and hepatic artery.
B) portal artery and hepatic vein.
C) portal vein and cystic artery.
D) cystic vein and portal artery.

Question 26

The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:

A) air.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) barium sulfate.
D) water-soluble iodine.

Question 27

One of the most important technical considerations in gastrointestinal radiography is:

A) elimination of motion.
B) speed of the examination.
C) production of a high-contrast image.
D) production of a high-resolution image.

Question 28

The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents toward the rectum are called:

A) respiration.
B) peristalsis.
C) mastication.
D) deglutition.

Question 29

The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to produce and secrete:

A) bile
B) insulin
C) glucagon
D) digestive juice

Question 30

The area of the colon identified in the figure below is the:

A) cecum.
B) ileum.
C) sigmoid.
D) rectum.

Question 31

Which of the following can be used to record the fluoroscopic image?
1)TV
2)Cine
3)Video recorders

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 32

What is the length of the large intestine?

A) 3 feet
B) 5 feet
C) 7 feet
D) 8 feet

Question 33

How long does it take barium to go through the alimentary canal and reach the rectum?

A) 12 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 1 day
D) 1 day

Question 34

The main functions of the large intestine are:
1)digestion of food.
2)reabsorption of fluids.
3)elimination of waste products.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 35

The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:

A) ileocecal valve.
B) ampulla of Vater.
C) pyloric valve.
D) greater duodenal papilla.

Question 36

Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?

A) Epigastrium and left hypochondrium
B) Right hypochondrium and epigastrium
C) Right lateral and umbilical
D) Umbilical and left lateral

Question 37

Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?
1)Air
2)Barium sulfate
3)Water-soluble iodinated solution

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 38

The largest gland in the body is the:

A) liver.
B) spleen.
C) pancreas.
D) duodenum.

Question 39

The wall of the colon is composed of how many layers?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 40

The spleen is located in the _____ of the abdomen.

A) LUQ
B) RUQ
C) LLQ
D) RLQ

Question 41

How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?

A) 40 degrees
B) 45 degrees
C) 60 degrees
D) 40 to 70 degrees

Question 42

Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the lateral projection of the esophagus?

A) Midcoronal plane
B) Midsagittal plane
C) A coronal plane 2 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane
D) A coronal plane 4 inches posterior to the midcoronal plane

Question 43

What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series of the esophagus?

A) Upright
B) Recumbent
C) Seated
D) Trendelenburg's

Question 44

What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?

A) Inspiration
B) Expiration
C) Suspended respiration
D) Slow, shallow breathing

Question 45

Which of the following are essential oblique projections of the stomach and duodenum?
1)AP projection, LPO
2)PA projection, RAO
3)PA projection, LAO

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 46

Which of the following best describes the administration of barium for an esophagram being performed for esophageal varices?

A) Swallow the barium, inhale.
B) Swallow the barium, exhale.
C) Exhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out.
D) Inhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out.

Question 47

Food and fluid should be withheld for how many hours before a stomach examination?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 12

Question 48

At which level is the IR centered for a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum?

A) T12/L1
B) L1/L2
C) L2/L3
D) Iliac crests

Question 49

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?

A) 20 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 20 to 30 degrees
D) 35 to 40 degrees

Question 50

Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for images of the esophagus?
1)Varices better filled
2)Easier to swallow barium
3)More complete contrast filling, especially proximal part

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 51

Which drug may be given to the patient before a double-contrast examination of the stomach to relax the gastrointestinal tract?

A) Heparin
B) Glucagon
C) Demerol
D) Oral chlorhydrate

Question 52

What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the esophagus?

A) AP, LAO
B) AP, LPO
C) PA, RAO
D) PA, LAO

Question 53

A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum is often performed using a 14 * 17 inch (35 * 43 cm) IR. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection?

A) The midsagittal plane
B) A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column
C) A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column
D) A sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen

Question 54

Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series?
1)AP or PA
2)Lateral
3)PA oblique

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 55

The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include _____ contrast.
1)no
2)single
3)double

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 56

How much lower should the IR be positioned when the upright position is used for projections of the stomach?

A) to 1 inch
B) 2 to 2 inches
C) 4 to 5 inches
D) 3 to 6 inches

Question 57

The patient "prep" for a morning stomach examination is food and fluid are withheld:

A) after midnight.
B) after the evening meal.
C) for 12 hours.
D) for 24 hours.

Question 58

A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum can be performed using a 10 * 12 inch (24 * 30 cm) IR. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection?

A) The midsagittal plane
B) A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column
C) A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column
D) A sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen

Question 59

Which of the following are advantages of using the double-contrast technique for examination of the stomach?
1)Fewer images are required.
2)Small lesions are not obscured.
3)The mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 60

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the stomach will depend on the body habitus. The greatest degree of rotation would be used for which body habitus?

A) Sthenic
B) Asthenic
C) Hypersthenic
D) Hyposthenic

Question 61

"High-density" barium sulfate is used primarily for _____ intestine examinations.
1)enteroclysis
2)single-contrast
3)double-contrast

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 62

Where is the IR centered for delayed images of the small intestine?

A) Level of the iliac crests
B) 1 inch above the iliac crests
C) 2 inches above the iliac crests
D) At the costal margin/L3

Question 63

Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the images?
1)Stomach
2)Small intestine
3)Large intestine

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 64

Which positions will best demonstrate the retrogastric portion of the duodenum and jejunum on an AP projection of the stomach?
1)Supine
2)Trendelenburg's
3)Standing

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 65

The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique stomach radiographic images ranges from _____ degrees.

A) 20 to 30
B) 30 to 40
C) 40 to 50
D) 30 to 60

Question 66

The patient preparation for a small intestine examination is food and fluid withheld:

A) after the evening meal.
B) after the evening meal and no breakfast.
C) for 12 hours.
D) for 24 hours.

Question 67

At which level is the IR centered for an AP or PA oblique stomach and duodenum?

A) L1/L2
B) L2/L3
C) L3/L4
D) Iliac crests

Question 68

Which of the following planes is positioned to the center of the grid for the lateral projection of the stomach and duodenum?

A) Midcoronal plane
B) A coronal plane passing 2 inches posterior to the median coronal plane
C) A coronal plane passing 2 inches anterior to the median coronal plane
D) A plane passing midway between the midcoronal plane and the anterior surface of the abdomen

Question 69

The first small intestine image is taken how many minutes after the patient drinks barium?

A) 5 minutes
B) 10 minutes
C) 15 minutes
D) 30 minutes

Question 70

Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?

A) PA
B) PA oblique, RAO
C) AP oblique, LPO
D) AP oblique, RPO

Question 71

Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?
1)AP
2)PA
3)Lateral

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 72

Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?

A) Midsagittal plane
B) A longitudinal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column
C) A longitudinal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column
D) A longitudinal plane midway between the vertebrae and the lateral border of the elevated side

Question 73

Which methods are used to administer barium for a radiographic examination of the small intestine?
1)By mouth
2)Reflex filling
3)Enteroclysis

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 74

Methods of radiographically examining the colon include:
1)enteroclysis.
2)single contrast.
3)double contrast.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 75

What is the average degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?

A) 45 degrees
B) 50 degrees
C) 55 degrees
D) 60 degrees

Question 76

Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?

A) PA
B) AP
C) AP, Trendelenburg's position
D) AP, R lateral decubitus

Question 77

Where is the IR centered for images of the small intestine that are taken within 30 minutes of drinking the barium?

A) Level of the iliac crests
B) 1 inch above the iliac crests
C) 2 inches above the iliac crests
D) At the costal margin/L3

Question 78

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?

A) PA
B) AP oblique, LPO
C) PA oblique, LAO
D) PA oblique, RAO

Question 79

For which projection of the stomach would a positioning sponge be used?

A) PA
B) PA oblique
C) AP oblique
D) Lateral

Question 80

Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?

A) PA
B) Lateral
C) AP oblique, LPO
D) PA oblique, RAO