Question 1

The brain and spinal cord are enclosed by three protective membranes called the:&#10;A) meninges.&#10;B) pia mater.&#10;C) arachnoid.&#10;D) subarachnoid layer.

Accepted Answer

The protective membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord are the meninges. The meninges consist of three layers: the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater.

Question 2

How many fluid-containing cavities make up the ventricular system of the brain?&#10;A) Two&#10;B) Four&#10;C) Six&#10;D) Eight

Accepted Answer

The ventricular system of the brain is made up of four fluid-containing cavities, including the two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle.

Question 3

The area of the brain identified in the figure below is the:&#10; &#10;A) pons.&#10;B) cerebrum.&#10;C) cerebellum.&#10;D) brainstem.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is located at the base of the brain, below the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. It is responsible for coordinating and regulating muscular activity, balance, and posture. The pons, brainstem, and cerebrum are located elsewhere in the brain.

Question 4

All of the following imaging modalities may be used for image-guided interventional pain management except:&#10;A) fluoroscopy.&#10;B) CT.&#10;C) ultrasound.&#10;D) MRI.

Accepted Answer

While fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasound can all be used for image-guided interventional pain management, MRI is not typically used for this purpose due to safety concerns with metal objects and potential interference with the MRI machines.

Question 5

Which of the following projections are performed during myelography?&#10;1)PA&#10;2)PA obliques&#10;3)Lateral (decubitus)&#10;A) 1 and 2&#10;B) 1 and 3&#10;C) 2 and 3&#10;D) 1, 2, and 3

Accepted Answer

During myelography, the patient is usually positioned in the prone position for the injection of contrast medium. After that, the table is tilted to various angles to encourage the contrast medium to flow towards the area of interest. The lateral projection can be done in a decubitus position, with the patient lying on the side opposite the area under investigation. The PA oblique projection may also be performed to get a different view of the spinal canal. However, the PA projection is not typically done during myelography. Therefore, options A and C are incorrect, and the correct answer is B.

Question 6

Where is the contrast medium injected for a myelogram?&#10;A) Brachial vein&#10;B) Femoral artery&#10;C) L1-L2 interspace&#10;D) L2-L3 or L3-L4 interspace

Accepted Answer

The contrast medium is injected into the L2-L3 or L3-L4 interspace for a myelogram.

Question 7

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is done under fluoroscopy to:&#10;A) stabilize fracture fragments.&#10;B) restore the spine to a more normal curve.&#10;C) reduce hunchback deformities.&#10;D) locate vascular abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure performed to stabilize vertebral compression fractures by injecting bone cement into the affected vertebrae. Fluoroscopy is used to guide the placement of the bone cement and ensure that it is injected into the correct location within the vertebral body. Therefore, the primary purpose of fluoroscopy during percutaneous vertebroplasty is to stabilize fracture fragments.

Question 8

The largest part of the brain is the:&#10;A) cerebellum.&#10;B) cerebrum.&#10;C) brainstem.&#10;D) medulla oblongata.

Accepted Answer

The cerebrum is the largest and most complex part of the brain and is responsible for most conscious activities and cognitive functions. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance, the brainstem controls basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate, and the medulla oblongata regulates vital functions such as blood pressure and respiration. However, none of these parts of the brain are as large or as complex as the cerebrum.

Question 9

What is the imaging method of choice in diagnosing multiple sclerosis?&#10;A) CR&#10;B) CT&#10;C) MRI&#10;D) DSR

Accepted Answer

MRI is the imaging method of choice for diagnosing multiple sclerosis as it has high sensitivity to detect the characteristic lesions in the brain and spinal cord. CT and CR do not have the same sensitivity as MRI for detecting MS lesions. DSR is not a recognized imaging method.

Question 10

Which modality involves the placement of various coils, medications, filters, stents, or other devices to treat a particular problem or provide therapy?&#10;A) Vascular radiology&#10;B) Interventional radiology&#10;C) Radiation therapy&#10;D) Angiography

Accepted Answer

Interventional radiology involves the use of various devices to treat or provide therapy for a particular problem within the body, such as placing coils to stop bleeding or stents to open up blocked vessels. Vascular radiology and angiography are more specific types of interventional radiology that focus on imaging and treating blood vessels, while radiation therapy involves the use of high-energy radiation to treat cancer or other conditions.

Question 11

How many pairs of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord?&#10;A) 14&#10;B) 24&#10;C) 29&#10;D) 31

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many pairs of spinal nerves arise...

Question 12

The position of the patient's head during myelography should be in _____ to prevent contrast from passing into the cerebral ventricles.&#10;A) lateral flexion&#10;B) acute extension&#10;C) forward flexion&#10;D) acute flexion

Accepted Answer

The answer of The position of the patient's head during...

Question 13

What part of the brain is indicated by the line in the diagram?&#10; &#10;A) Pons&#10;B) Cerebrum&#10;C) Cerebellum&#10;D) Brainstem

Accepted Answer

The answer of What part of the brain is indicated...

Question 14

Which imaging examination is usually performed immediately after a myelogram?&#10;A) MRI&#10;B) NM&#10;C) US&#10;D) CT

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which imaging examination is usually performed immediately...

Question 15

Which interventional procedure uses a balloon catheter to expand a compressed vertebral body to near its original height before injection of the bone cement?&#10;A) Myelography&#10;B) Vertebroplasty&#10;C) Kyphoplasty&#10;D) Discography

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which interventional procedure uses a balloon catheter...

Deck 22: Central Nervous System