Deck 5: Childrens Artistic Development

Question 1

During the first year of life, children bring drawing tools to their mouths more often than to paper.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In Kellogg's (1969) theory of the development of artistic expression, children pass through which four stages as they progress from scribbling to picture making?

A) diagrams, mandalas, combines, and pictures
B) diagrams, gestalts, aggregates, and pictures
C) placement, shape, design, and pictorial
D) placement, line, design, and pictorial

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Providing tools, in addition to brushes, encourages children to express themselves.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In Kellogg's (1969) theory of the development of artistic expression, children age two to three years are at what stage?

A) scribbling
B) mark-making
C) placement
D) shape

Question 5

In children's artwork, the term process refers to the:

A) child's creative exploration with brush or crayon.
B) active communication of meaning through the artwork.
C) actions and skills involved in creating an art product.
D) decisions the artist makes in creating an art product.

Question 6

Amanda folds, tears, and staples a sheet of scrap paper. She crumples it up and tosses it in the wastebasket on the way to lunch. Which of the following artistic terms matches this example?

A) product
B) content
C) motive
D) process

Question 7

In children's artwork, the term motive refers to the:

A) external incentives for which the child creates an art product.
B) child's preoccupation with a particular emotion or symbol while creating an art product.
C) active communication of meaning through the artwork.
D) reason underlying a child's art product.

Question 8

"I get so mad sometimes and that's why I make scribbles all over my paper." Which of the following artistic terms matches this example?

A) product
B) content
C) motive
D) process

Question 9

Culture and religion do not influence a child's artistic development.

Question 10

James looks in the mirror and smiles. He runs back to the easel and works on his self-portrait. Which of the following artistic terms matches this example?

A) product
B) content
C) motive
D) process

Question 11

Riley paints several lines and shapes. She says, "I'm making a design!" Which of the following artistic terms matches this example?

A) product
B) content
C) motive
D) process

Question 12

The general developmental explanation for child art suggests that:

A) child art is a product of all domains of a child's development.
B) social, cultural, personality, and environmental factors, as well as the developmental domains, influence young children's art.
C) both art appreciation and art production can occur when a child reaches a particular level of general development.
D) social, cultural, personality, and environmental factors provide the explanation for young children's art.

Question 13

In Kellogg's (1969) theory of the development of artistic expression, children age four to five years are at what stage?

A) preschematic
B) schematic
C) design
D) pictorial

Question 14

Painting should be an activity available to children in the art center every day.

Question 15

Children begin to scribble around three years of age.

Question 16

In Kellogg's (1969) theory of the development of artistic expression, children age three to four years are at what stage?

A) shape
B) preconceptual
C) preschematic
D) design

Question 17

In Kellogg's (1969) theory of the development of artistic expression, children age two years are at what stage?

A) scribbling
B) mark-making
C) sensory motor
D) placement

Question 18

An emotional explanation for the development of child art holds that children use art as an outlet for both positive and negative emotions.

Question 19

The young child's first attempts at drawing are scribbles.

Question 20

Howard Gardner believed that the drawings of preschoolers have much in common with the ideas and images found in the art of talented adults.

Question 21

A more accurate name for finger painting is:

A) paint spreading.
B) hand spreading.
C) hand painting.
D) brushless painting.

Question 22

According to Gardner (1980), around the age of seven:

A) free graphic expression is replaced with a determination to achieve realism.
B) children search for literal meaning rather than metaphors.
C) children's drawings exhibit a strong command of form and considerable beauty.
D) children ceaselessly create and re-create representations of objects, often recognizable to others.

Question 23

In Kellogg's (1969) theory of the development of artistic expression, a gestalt is:

A) representative of a child's current developmental level.
B) a diagram containing shapes.
C) the child's perspective when drawing or painting.
D) a series of decisions during the creative process.

Question 24

In the theory of artistic development suggested by Lowenfeld and Brittain, children age seven to nine years are in what stage?

A) pictorial
B) preschematic
C) schematic
D) intuitive

Question 25

According to Gardner (1980), the creativity of preschoolers:

A) is limited to art, music, drama, and language.
B) is expressed through physical gestures and language.
C) has much in common with that of talented adults using ideas in fresh, unusual ways.
D) peaks at age four.

Question 26

The recommended arrangement for finger painting is:

A) kneeling on the floor.
B) standing at an easel.
C) sitting at a table.
D) standing at a table.

Question 27

Piaget's theory of art development is best described as a:

A) developmental theory.
B) cognitive theory.
C) comprehensive theory.
D) cognitive developmental theory.

Question 28

Piaget believed that artistic development was retrogressive because:

A) children's drawings develop as they gain experience and knowledge.
B) children's willingness to use new tools and methods decreases over time.
C) children get less creative as they grow older.
D) cognitive development is progressive.

Question 29

In the theory of artistic development suggested by Lowenfeld and Brittain, children age two to four years are in what stage?

A) scribbling
B) preschematic
C) schematic
D) mark-making

Question 30

Powdered tempera paints are not recommended for young children because:

A) they are messy to mix.
B) young children cannot mix them without adult assistance.
C) they create inhalable dusts and may have toxic pigments.
D) they are more expensive than liquid tempera paints.

Question 31

Tempera paints are:

A) transparent and allow for a layering of colors.
B) opaque and allow for muted, subdued colors.
C) transparent and allow for a smooth covering of intense color.
D) opaque and allow for a flat covering of intense color.

Question 32

The stages of artistic development suggested by Kellogg include:

A) scribbling, preschematic, schematic, dawning realism, and realistic drawing.
B) scribbling, placement, shape, design, and pictorial.
C) sensory motor, preoperational, preconceptual, intuitive, and conceptual.
D) manipulating the media; making shapes, outlines, designs, and symbols; pictorial art that is becoming recognizable; and realistic.

Question 33

In the stages of artistic development suggested by Lowenfeld and Brittain, schema refers to a(n):

A) child's first representational attempt at drawing.
B) generalized symbol that represents a specific concept.
C) random perception of size and proportion.
D) awareness of and intentional use of empty space.

Question 34

In the theory of artistic development suggested by Lowenfeld and Brittain, children age four to seven years are in what stage?

A) scribbling
B) preschematic
C) pictorial
D) design

Question 35

The stages of artistic development suggested by Schirrmacher include:

A) scribbling, preschematic, schematic, dawning realism, and realistic drawing.
B) scribbling, placement, shape, design, and pictorial.
C) sensory motor, preoperational, preconceptual, intuitive, and conceptual.
D) manipulating the media; making shapes, outlines, designs, and symbols; pictorial art that is becoming recognizable; and realistic.

Question 36

A mandala is a:

A) pattern or symbol that only some children are predisposed to utilize in sensory perception.
B) pattern or symbol that the human brain is predisposed to disregard in sensory perception.
C) pattern that appears frequently in the artwork of older children and adolescents.
D) pattern that the human brain is predisposed to utilize in visual perception.

Question 37

According to Gardner (1980), the "tadpole man" usually appears in children's drawings around:

A) age two to three years.
B) age four to five years.
C) age five to six years.
D) age seven to eight years.

Question 38

Gardner (1980) describes artistic development as a(n):

A) S-shaped curve.
B) V-shaped curve.
C) U-shaped curve.
D) M-shaped curve.

Question 39

Watercolor paints are:

A) transparent and allow for a layering of colors.
B) opaque and allow for muted, subdued colors.
C) transparent and allow for a smooth covering of intense color.
D) opaque and allow for a flat covering of intense color.

Question 40

The stages of artistic development suggested by Lowenfeld and Brittain include:

A) scribbling, preschematic, schematic, dawning realism, pseudorealism, and artistic decision.
B) scribbling, placement, shape, design, and pictorial.
C) sensory motor, preoperational, preconceptual, intuitive, and conceptual.
D) manipulating the media; making shapes, outlines, designs, and symbols; pictorial art that is becoming recognizable; and realistic.

Question 41

The work of Piaget is most closely associated with which explanation of artistic development?

A) emotional explanation
B) general developmental explanation
C) cognitive developmental explanation
D) psychomotor explanation

Question 42

Theories of artistic development attempt to:

A) describe the developmental changes in children's use of art tools over time.
B) explain what, why, and how children create.
C) describe the developmental changes in the content of children's art over time.
D) explain the development of children's visual perception over time.

Question 43

The work of Lowenfeld and Brittain is most closely associated with which explanation of artistic development?

A) emotional explanation
B) general developmental explanation
C) cognitive developmental explanation
D) psychomotor explanation

Question 44

The Draw-A-Person test is associated with which category of theories on artistic development?

A) cognitive
B) cognitive developmental
C) perceptual
D) physical

Question 45

In children's art, the term content refers to the:

A) art elements included in the drawing or painting.
B) optimal mood for children when creating art.
C) subject matter being represented.
D) explanations of their art provided by the children.

Question 46

A physical explanation holds that all of the following influence the development of child art except:

A) visual acuity.
B) manual dexterity.
C) affective state.
D) eye-hand coordination.

Question 47

In Schirrmacher's stages of artistic development, one- to two-year-old children:

A) approach markers, crayons, and clay with the intent of exploring their properties.
B) refine their circles, ovals, lines, and attempted geometric shapes.
C) progress from mandalas to suns to stick figures.
D) make first attempts at drawing the human face.

Question 48

Which of the following is not one of the theories of artistic development discussed in the text?

A) psychomotor explanation
B) emotional explanation
C) perceptual explanation
D) cognitive explanation

Question 49

In Schirrmacher's stages of artistic development, four- to six-year-old children:

A) become self-critical and succumb to peer pressure.
B) arbitrarily use color, shape, size, placement, proportion, and perspective.
C) progress from mandalas to suns to stick figures.
D) develop, repeat, and refine symbols that can often be categorized by gender.

Question 50

The role of theories of artistic development in early childhood curriculum is to:

A) provide for teachers a scope and sequences of developmentally appropriate art activities to use in their classrooms.
B) provide a framework for explaining changes in a child's artwork to his/her parents.
C) help the teacher plan the art center.
D) provide the overall structure or foundation for the integration of art in the curriculum.

Question 51

Which of the following is not a category for theories of artistic development?

A) psychomotor
B) cognitive developmental
C) perceptual
D) physical

Question 52

A mandala looks like a:

A) lollipop.
B) circle inside a square.
C) figure eight.
D) crossed circle.

Question 53

The work of Howard Gardner is most closely associated with which explanation of artistic development?

A) general developmental explanation
B) cognitive developmental explanation
C) physical explanation
D) perceptual explanation

Question 54

The work of Kellogg is most closely associated with which explanation of artistic development?

A) emotional explanation
B) general developmental explanation
C) cognitive developmental explanation
D) psychomotor explanation

Question 55

An aggregate consists of:

A) three or more united diagrams.
B) two mandalas.
C) a gestalt that includes different shapes.
D) a scribbled drawing.

Question 56

Which of the following does not influence a child's perception in the artistic process?

A) neurophysiological structure.
B) memory.
C) personality.
D) prior learning.

Question 57

A combine consists of:

A) three or more mandalas in a child's drawing.
B) two mandalas in a child's drawing.
C) two diagrams put together.
D) a sun figure.

Question 58

The work of Robert Schirrmacher is most closely associated with which explanation of artistic development?

A) emotional explanation
B) general developmental explanation
C) cognitive developmental explanation
D) psychomotor explanation

Question 59

Young children's first attempts at drawing are:

A) combines.
B) scribbles.
C) aggregates.
D) mandalas.

Question 60

In Schirrmacher's stages of artistic development, two- to four-year-old children:

A) engage in sensory motor actions resulting in scribbles.
B) are dissatisfied with nonrepresentational art.
C) become concerned with creating art that looks like something.
D) progress from mandalas to suns to stick figures.

Question 61

List five ways that knowing the stages of development in children's art will help teachers.

Question 62

Explain the significance of the "tadpole man" in children's drawings.

Question 63

Aside from expensive finger-paint paper, list four other possible surfaces on which children can finger paint.

Question 64

Place these stages of children's drawings in the appropriate developmental sequence as proposed by Kellogg (1969):
combines, scribbles, pictorial stage, diagrams, aggregates.

Question 65

Explain how you will use theories of artistic development to plan art activities in your curriculum.

Question 66

Name the six categories of theories that attempt to explain the development of children's art.

Question 67

List four different positions in which children can draw or paint.