Deck 1: Environment, human Systems, and Social Science

Question 1

Industrialization led to which of the following?

A)a class system based on ownership of land
B)increased cottage craft production
C)increased demand for rural labor
D)none of the above

Answer 1

none of the above

Question 2

_________ suggested that conflicting material interests would lead to socialism.

A)Adam Smith
B)David Ricardo
C)Thomas Malthus
D)Karl Marx

Answer 2

Karl Marx

Question 3

_________ are both structural and cultural,and address human concerns related to collective survival.

A)Statuses
B)Roles
C)Social institutions
D)Paradigms

Answer 3

Social institutions

Question 4

Which statement about energy is true?

A)Energy can be recycled infinitely without any degradation.
B)Energy runs downhill,and cannot be recycled for the same use repeatedly.
C)It is easy to create new energy.
D)None of the above is true.

Question 5

Which of the following human variables are considered to be driving forces of environmental and ecosystem change?

A)institutions
B)technological change
C)culture
D)all of the above

Question 6

According to the text,worldviews and paradigms are best classified as part of:

A)culture.
B)social structure.
C)material infrastructure.
D)cultural substrate.

Question 7

Simple and homogenous societies with powerful cultural rules are characterized by _________ solidarity.

A)mechanical
B)organic
C)manifest
D)latent

Question 8

As discussed in the text,Durkheim thought that the struggle for scarce resources would culminate in:

A)the eventual breakdown and collapse of industrial society.
B)mass starvation.
C)a more complex division of labor.
D)a and b

Question 9

In sociology,functionalist theories are most concerned with:

A)ideologies and the social construction of reality
B)the struggle for scarce resources
C)systems and subsystems
D)a and b

Question 10

The transfer of energy from primary producer sources through a series of consumer organisms is known as a food:

A)loop.
B)base.
C)chain.
D)cycle.

Question 11

According to Catton and Dunlap,classical sociology is associated with which paradigm?

A)Ecological Modernization
B)Finite World
C)Human Exemptionalism
D)New Ecological

Question 12

_________ economics sees the economy as a growing,dependent subsystem of a materially closed,finite ecosphere.

A)Classical economics
B)Neoclassical economics
C)Ecological economics
D)Postmodern economics

Question 13

_________ refers to human definitions and interpretations of the biophysical environment.

A)Dualism
B)Idealism
C)Rationality
D)Cognized environment

Question 14

The distinctive element of Durkheim's sociology was his emphasis on:

A)dominance patterns.
B)ecological disruption.
C)culture and cultural values.
D)managed scarcity.

Question 15

_________ claimed that the unseen hand of the marketplace would produce the best economic and social outcomes.

A)David Ricardo
B)Adam Smith
C)Thomas Malthus
D)Karl Marx

Question 16

_________ is the ultimate source of the earth's energy.

A)Solar radiation
B)The biosphere
C)Carbon
D)The lithosphere

Question 17

_________ analyzed the relationships between different environments and ecosystems in terms of compartments.

A)Malthus
B)Harper
C)Odum
D)Bell

Question 18

A(n) _________ is the location of an organism within an ecosystem,while its _________ is its role in a community of organisms.

A)ecological niche;habitat
B)habitat;ecological niche
C)biome;niche
D)niche;biome

Question 19

_________ implies that the economy is a closed system with pendulum like movement between production and consumption.

A)Classical economics
B)Neoclassical economics
C)Ecological economics
D)Postmodern economics

Question 20

In which type of exchange are resources shifted upward so that they can be reallocated?

A)redistribution
B)reciprocity
C)network
D)market

Question 21

According to the text,scientific research strongly supports the idea that the total collapse of industrial society is imminent.

Question 22

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 23

Exchanges of reciprocity produce mutually beneficial relationships in a social system.

Question 24

A rose garden consisting of only American Beauty roses is a monoculture.

Question 25

Neoclassical economists see human-environment problems in terms of market failures and resource allocation problems.

Question 26

In the neoclassical economists' view,the economy contains the ecosystem as resources bases and pollution sinks.

Question 27

Catton and Dunlap have suggested that sociologists should adopt the Human Exemptionalism Paradigm.

Question 28

A key feature of the Dominant Western Worldview is the value it places on nature for its own sake.

Question 29

Dunlap and Catton suggest that ecosystems function as supply depots,living spaces,and waste repositories.

Question 30

Emissions trading schemes have not had much impact on producers of pollution in the United States.

Question 31

While industrialization brought about a new class structure,population growth was kept in check by frequent,large-scale outbreaks of disease.

Question 32

Larger numbers of people can be sustained if they consume foods that are at lower levels on the food chain.

Question 33

The concept of a cognized environment implies a high degree of scientific objectivity with little room for subjective impressions.

Question 34

Parasitism is not classified as a symbiotic relationship.

Question 35

The concepts of ecosystem and environment can be used interchangeably.

Question 36

According to the New Ecological Paradigm,humans live in a finite biophysical environment that imposes potent restraints on human behaviors.

Question 37

Money became the most important material resource in the industrial society.

Question 38

While the Dominant Western Worldview affects developed,industrialized societies,it has little impact on the less developed nations.

Question 39

David Ricardo argued that the economic growth associated with industrialization would benefit landlords,but not workers or capitalists.

Question 40

The most significant environmental changes today are anthropogenic.

Question 41

Compare and contrast the Dominant Western Worldview with the Human Exemptionalism Paradigm.

Question 42

Describe ecosystem change and human-environment interaction.Be sure to give examples.

Question 43

Identify and discuss the components of an ecosystem.Be sure to give examples.

Question 44

Discuss Allan Schnaiberg's conflict theory of human-environment interaction.