Deck 6: Globalization, inequality, and Sustainability

Question 1

Research on ecological modernization has:

A)supported the LG model.
B)found little evidence that chemical companies release significant amounts of toxic chemicals.
C)found that a small number of chemical companies were responsible for a majority of the toxic waste releases.
D)found little variation in the amount of toxic wastes released by industrial companies.

Answer 1

found that a small number of chemical companies were responsible for a majority of the toxic waste releases.

Question 2

The global income gap implies difference in the amount of _________ people consume

A)grain,fish,and fresh water
B)meat
C)iron and steel
D)all of the above
E)a and b only

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

A major limitation of the IPAT model in hypothesis testing is the fact that:

A)there are no effective measures for I (impact).
B)it assumes that the effects of P,A,and T (population,affluence,and technology) on I are proportional.
C)there are no effective measures for T (technology).
D)T represents nonmaterial culture like beliefs,which severely limits the usefulness of the model.

Answer 3

it assumes that the effects of P,A,and T (population,affluence,and technology) on I are proportional.

Question 4

The IPAT model was developed by:

A)Ehrlich and Holdren
B)Ehrlich and Catton
C)Catton and Cohen
D)Lovins and Catton

Question 5

A more sustainable society would display which of the following characteristics?

A)coordinated decentralization and flexible centralization
B)socialism without entrepreneurialism
C)small scale networks without large organizations
D)mostly rural social settings

Question 6

Which of the following are examples of major social transformations?

A)the Marshall Plan
B)the outlawing of slavery
C)the abandonment of feudalism in Japan
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 7

Early functionalist thinkers were most concerned with analyzing:

A)the evolution from traditional to industrial societies.
B)societal equilibrium.
C)compensatory actions.
D)economic nationalism.

Question 8

Actual social change in a society results from:

A)actors in social movements.
B)forces exogenous to the social system itself.
C)law-like and predictable physical forces.
D)the interaction of agents and social systems.

Question 9

According to world-system theory,Mexico and Malaysia would be classified as _________ nations.

A)core
B)semi-core
C)semi-peripheral
D)peripheral

Question 10

The Club of Rome coined the term:

A)"limits to growth."
B)"ecological modernization."
C)"green imperialism."
D)"ecoterrorism."

Question 11

The World Bank functions to:

A)assist financial development in poor nations by providing them with aid.
B)insure that inflation in one nation does not spread to other nations.
C)settle trade disputes between nations.
D)ensure that North America is a tariff-free trade zone.

Question 12

Jorgenson's analysis of the ecological footprint is significant because he found that:

A)the footprint of peripheral nations was the highest.
B)the footprint of semiperipheral nations was the highest.
C)the footprint of core nations was the highest.
D)there were no significant difference between the ecological footprints of peripheral and core nations.

Question 13

Global inequality can be graphically illustrated by the _________ of world wealth distribution.

A)pyramid
B)ladder
C)hourglass
D)champagne glass

Question 14

The Bretton Woods system:

A)produced an accord that severely restricted international free trade.
B)envisioned international free trade.
C)supported economic nationalism.
D)restricted mercantilism.

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the three Es of sustainability?

A)economics
B)equity
C)entrepreneurship
D)ecology

Question 16

Cultural anthropologist Appadurai identified five important global flows or "scapes." Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A)politicoscapes
B)technoscapes
C)ideoscapes
D)financescapes

Question 17

Functionalist theory in sociology is consistent with neoliberal economic thinking about globalization.

Question 18

Wackernagel's research on ecological footprints found that the earth's total biocapacity for humans was approximately _________ hectares.

A)2.1
B)4.2
C)12.1
D)15

Question 19

The concept of sustainability:

A)lends itself to precise quantification.
B)has generated strong consensus among the scientific community.
C)is normative and value-laden,and therefore should be discarded,as science should be value-free.
D)is normative and value-laden,and therefore plays an important role in shaping policy decisions.

Question 20

Research on the link between wealth and happiness has found that:

A)money cannot buy happiness.
B)across the board,if a person's income is doubled,then so is their subjective well-being.
C)in the MDCs,absolute income is the best predictor of subjective well-being.
D)MDC countries with smaller income gaps have higher levels of subjective well-being than countries with large gaps.

Question 21

The primary difference between mediascapes and ideoscapes is that the former tend to focus on political imagery while the latter focuses on the generic flow of information in a society.

Question 22

World-system theory is an extension of early functionalist theorizing.

Question 23

Green imperialism is illustrated by the MDCs who demand that LDCs curtail their use of coal and other such toxic fuels.

Question 24

Seventeenth-century mercantilism is synonymous with today's economic nationalism.

Question 25

Access to contraception and family health care would be a feature of a sustainable society.

Question 26

Affluence and poverty each present threats to the environment.

Question 27

The practice of leasing and recycling in a service flow economy is consistent with the Ecological Modernization model.

Question 28

Cogeneration uses the waste material of one industrial process as the "feedstock" of another.

Question 29

Equity concerns associated with sustainability generate conflicts of interest over issues like material consumption of gasoline and other products.

Question 30

Classical economic thinking produced international institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

Question 31

How or why is the environment considered a social justice issue?

Question 32

Due to free markets and globalization,the major dimensions of inequality have all declined in recent decades.

Question 33

In the IPAT equation,A represents the affluence of a nation.

Question 34

The neoliberal world market economy has helped to reduce social inequality among and within nations.

Question 35

Because of increased tolerance,racial and ethnic inequalities have diminished over the past two decades.

Question 36

According to world-system theory,semiperipheral nations have the least power.

Question 37

The anthropological discussion of globalization emphasizes structures and systems like the functionalists.

Question 38

The most serious criticism of EM (Ecological Modernization) is that it fails to distinguish between efficiency and total resource consumption.

Question 39

Considerable research shows that the very poor are significantly more likely than the rich or the middle class to cause serious environmental damage.

Question 40

Wallerstein is known for his analysis of core,peripheral,and semiperipheral nations.

Question 41

Discuss the role played by cultural or religious beliefs in shaping attitudes towards consumption.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the LG and EM approaches to the environment.Which is more compelling,and why?

Question 43

Explain how growing inequality is a cause of environmental degradation.

Question 44

Discuss the prospects for a transformation to sustainability.