Deck 10: Kinship and Descent

Question 1

Among the Yako of Nigeria,an individual might inherit grazing lands from his father's patrilineal group,and livestock and ritual knowledge from his mother's matrilineal group.This is an example of _______________ descent.

A)ambilineal
B)bilocal
C)patrilateral
D)indivisible
E)double

Answer 1

double

Question 2

You belong to a patrilineal descent group.Which of the following belong(s)to the same group?

A)your mother
B)your father's sister
C)your mother's sister
D)your mother's father
E)your father's sister's children

Answer 2

your father's sister

Question 3

_______________ descent provides an easy way of restricting descent group membership so as to minimize problems of divided loyalty and the like.

A)Ambilineal
B)Bilateral
C)Double
D)Unilineal
E)Cognatic

Answer 3

Unilineal

Question 4

Patrilineal descent is likely to be found in societies where _______________.

A)women are breadwinners
B)male labor is a prime factor
C)horticulture is done primarily by women
D)pastoralism and intensive agriculture are practiced
E)b and d

Question 5

A _______________ is a extended unilineal descent group whose members claim descent from a common ancestor but cannot trace their genealogical links to that ancestor.

A)family
B)totem
C)clan
D)kindred
E)lineage

Question 6

A clan is similar to a lineage except that _______________.

A)a clan has fewer people
B)clan members are unable to trace exact genealogical links to their common ancestor
C)clans are more likely to hold tangible property corporately
D)clans are exogamous whereas lineages are endogamous
E)clans are patrilocal whereas lineages are matrilocal

Question 7

Matrilineal descent groups are associated with farming societies in which _______________ are the breadwinners.

A)men
B)women
C)children
D)outsiders
E)grandfathers twice removed

Question 8

Descent groups _______________.

A)are composed of those who claim to be lineally descended from a particular ancestor
B)are common in human societies
C)are related to particular animals,plants,or natural objects by virtue of descent from common ancestral spirits
D)trace their connections back to a common ancestor through a chain of parent-child links,and thus appear to stem from the parent-child bond
E)all but c

Question 9

Among the Hopi,matrilineages function as landholding corporations.The lineage gives land to its members--the women of the matrilineage,whose husbands work the land for them.A man's son learns from his father how to work the land;if he is unruly,he is disciplined by his _______________.

A)mother
B)father
C)mother's brother
D)mother's father
E)father's father

Question 10

In what country do we find the Maori people?

A)Canada
B)United States
C)Kenya
D)Australia
E)New Zealand

Question 11

A young man of Jewish affiliation moves to New York City to find a job.Seeing no reason to "go it alone," he calls everyone he knows of from both his mother's and father's side of the family,and attends various meetings to which he is invited.He is invited to multiple events and gatherings by virtue of his being related to various ancestors on both his parents' side.These groups support him when he runs out of money and help him find an apartment and a job.We can say that he is a member of a/an _______________ descent group.

A)matrilineal
B)patrilineal
C)ambilineal
D)double
E)cognatic

Question 12

By tracing membership either through males or through females,members of unilineal descent groups _______________.

A)know exactly to which group they belong and where their primary loyalties lie
B)are confused about their relationship to persons not included in the group
C)act like females if they are in a matrilineal group
D)act like males if they are in a patrilineal group
E)know exactly how many children they are going to have

Question 13

Matrilineal descent is found in South Asia,in India,Sri Lanka,Indonesia,Sumatra,Tibet,South China,many Indonesian islands,as well as in aboriginal North America and Africa.What do all of these societies have in common?

A)They practice horticulture,in which women are the breadwinners.
B)They practice male infanticide,thus producing an excess of women.
C)Warfare is conducted primarily by women.
D)Major political decisions are made by women.
E)Women are physically stronger than men.

Question 14

Lineages,clans,phratries,and moieties are types of _______________.

A)family get-togethers
B)social clubs
C)descent groups
D)households
E)societies

Question 15

An important aspect of descent groups is that they _______________.

A)are economic units providing mutual aid
B)provide social security for elderly members
C)often promote harmony by encouraging worship of the group's ancestors
D)play a role in arranging appropriate marriage partners
E)all of the above

Question 16

If you are a member of a patrilineal descent group,_______________.

A)descent is traced exclusively through females
B)your sisters belong to the same patrilineal descent group that you do
C)you are likely to live in a horticultural society
D)your brothers belong to the same descent group but your sisters do not
E)you do not have a mother

Question 17

A boy is born into a society that practices matrilineal descent.The person who exercises authority over him is _______________.

A)his sister
B)his father
C)his mother
D)his mother's brother
E)his father's sister

Question 18

_______________ kinship affiliates a person with close relatives through both sexes;in other words,the individual traces descent through both parents,all four grandparents,and so forth,recognizing multiple ancestors.

A)Bilateral descent
B)Ambilineal descent
C)Bilateral kinship
D)Unilineal descent
E)Double descent

Question 19

A lineage is a unilineal kinship descent group where/which are _______________.

A)the members of which claim descent from a common chief executive officer
B)the members of which claim descent from a common ancestor
C)the members of which know the exact genealogical linkages by which they are related to the common ancestor at least four to six generations before
D)composed of consanguineal kin
E)all but a

Question 20

In a(n)_______________ descent group,membership is traced either through males or through females but not both.

A)matrilineal
B)patrilineal
C)unilineal
D)double
E)ambilineal

Question 21

_______________ develop out of extended families when families split up and move to nearby regions,and the core members of these families recognize their descent from common ancestor and continue to organize activities based on this idea.

A)Phratries
B)Kindred groups
C)Lineages
D)Moieties
E)Cognatic groups

Question 22

The Hawaiian system of kinship terminology is usually associated with _______________ descent.

A)patricidal
B)matrilineal
C)patrilineal
D)avunculineal
E)ambilineal

Question 23

If an anthropologist discovers that an informant who is describing the kinship terminology used in his society uses the same term,"Baba," to refer to individuals that the anthropologist would call "father" and "father's brother." What does the anthropologist conclude?

A)All individuals called "Baba" share a common status with regard to ego;they play the same role,such as disciplining or teaching him.
B)The informant is unclear as to who his real biological father is.
C)The informant tends to form undifferentiated classifications.
D)Ego is a bad informant.
E)The informant is being deceptive.

Question 24

Eskimo kinship terminology _______________.

A)is comparatively rare
B)is used by Anglo-Americans
C)is used by many hunting-and-fathering peoples
D)is used relatively frequently by a variety of groups
E)all but d

Question 25

If two people are given the same kinship term,this means that _______________.

A)they have the same genes
B)no one can tell the difference between them
C)they occupy a similar status
D)they are identical twins
E)they are members of an adopted family

Question 26

Members of a moiety _______________.

A)belong to one of two major descent groups in a society
B)are those who are divorced (they lack their "better half")
C)are usually able to trace their exact genealogical links to their common ancestor
D)feel a much stronger feeling of kinship than is felt by members of a lineage or clan
E)belong to a group that is smaller than a lineage

Question 27

A totem _______________.

A)is a word that comes from the Ojibwa American Indian word which means "he is a relative of mine"
B)is a symbol of animals,plants,natural forces,and objects
C)is usually associated with a clan's concept of its mythical origins
D)may be found in our own society in the names we give to baseball and football teams
E)all of the above

Question 28

A person in a system of bilateral descent _______________.

A)traces descent through his father for some purposes,and through his mother for other purposes
B)traces descent through female lines
C)traces descent through male lines
D)uses totems to symbolically represent the group
E)traces descent through both parents simultaneously and recognizes multiple ancestors

Question 29

North Americans assume that they are related equally to the relatives on both the mother's and father's side.The group composed of such people to which these individuals feel that they belong is called a(n)_______________ descent group.

A)ambilineal
B)double
C)bilateral
D)patrilineal
E)matrilineal

Question 30

In the _______________ system of kinship terminology,ego's father,father's brother and mother's brother are all referred to by the same term,and ego's mother,mother's sister and father's sister are all referred by the same term;the term "brother" includes ego's brothers as well as male cousins.

A)Iroquois
B)Crow
C)Omaha
D)Hawaiian
E)Eskimo

Question 31

In _______________ kinship terminology,the term "brother" is given to ego's brother,father's brother's son,and mother's sister's song;a different term is used for the sons of father's sister and mother's brother."Mother" refers to ego's mother and mother's sister;"father" refers to ego's father and father's brother.Separate terms are used for mother's brother and father's sister.

A)Eskimo
B)Hawaiian
C)Iroquois
D)Unilineal descent
E)kindred

Question 32

Clans,because they may have members living in many different villages,depend on _______________ to provide symbolic identification and promote solidarity.

A)totems
B)signs
C)promises
D)treaties
E)frequent feasts

Question 33

In _______________ kinship terminology,ego's "brother" and "sister" are distinguished from "cousins";both father's brother and mother's brother are given the same kinship term,"uncle."

A)Eskimo
B)Hawaiian
C)Crow
D)Omaha
E)Iroquois

Question 34

Jane Doe,after being away from home for many years,decides to hold a family reunion.She invites her siblings,parents,both sets of grandparents,her great-aunts and great-uncles,their children,her aunts and uncles and their children.This group brought together for a temporary time,with such vague boundaries,is called a(n)_______________.

A)clan
B)kindred
C)family circle
D)lineage
E)explosive situation

Question 35

Where nuclear families are important,the principle of bilateral descent and the group called the _______________ will probably exist.

A)clan
B)phratry
C)lineage
D)moiety
E)kindred

Question 36

Membership in a _______________ is determined not by descent from a common ancestor (as in descent groups)but by the fact that they share a living relative (ego).

A)clan
B)lineage
C)phratry
D)kindred
E)moiety

Question 37

Descent groups are frequently found to be important organizing strategies in _______________.

A)food foraging societies
B)horticultural societies
C)pastoral societies
D)intensive agricultural societies
E)all of the above except a

Question 38

A phratry is a unilineal descent group composed of two or more _______________ that believe they are related to each other.

A)moieties
B)totems
C)kindred
D)lineages
E)clans

Question 39

The word "moiety" comes from the French word for _______________,and exists when a society is divided into two and only two major descent groups.

A)melon
B)half
C)mote
D)whole
E)model

Question 40

The least complex system of kinship terminology (the one with the fewest terms for an anthropologist to memorize)is _______________.

A)Eskimo
B)Hawaiian
C)Iroquois
D)Crow
E)Omaha

Question 41

New reproductive technologies are _______________.

A)dangerous,as they involve cloning
B)the preferred form of reproduction in the United States
C)not accepted in the United States
D)less important today than 20 years ago
E)changing the traditional understandings of kinship

Question 42

_____________________ is a network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations.

A)Kinship
B)Descent
C)Unilineal descent
D)Matrilineal descent
E)Patrilineal descent

Question 43

In the Biocultural Connection,what was the focus of the research on the Maori people?

A)studying migration patterns of the first peoples to inhabit North America
B)creating lineage divisions based on DNA samples
C)connecting mitochondrial DNA with the Australian aborigines
D)connecting DNA types with the people's origin myths
E)sequencing DNA in order to type for potential diseases in this ethnic group

Question 44

In many human societies genealogical connections are used to define each individual's _______________.

A)sexual preference
B)privileges
C)obligation
D)rights
E)all but a

Question 45

Approximately how many Micmacs are members of the Aroostook band today,according to official criteria?

A)250
B)470
C)850
D)1200
E)7300

Question 46

In autumn 1981,anthropologist _______________ went to Maine to check out a job at the Association of Aroostook Indians,which needed a research and development director.

A)Alan Kolata
B)Fred Plog
C)Margaret Boone
D)Weston LaBarre
E)Harald Prins

Question 47

What was the primary purpose of advocacy anthropology among the Micmac?

A)to help the Micmac find jobs and get off welfare
B)to help with community relations after a series of honor killings
C)to help improve health conditions among the people
D)to help them expand their land-holdings for resource exploitation
E)to help them obtain official tribal recognition

Question 48

_________________________ is the splitting of a descent group into two or more descent groups.

A)Fission
B)Code Switching
C)Fraction
D)Bilateral descent
E)Multiple descent

Question 49

Namus is _______________.

A)Russian families
B)French architectural design
C)Turkish honor
D)Hispanic food
E)Polish dances

Question 50

_______________ are frequently found in industrial societies such as that of the United States,where mobility weakens contact with relatives.

A)Phratries
B)Lineages
C)Kindreds
D)Moieties
E)Classes

Question 51

Among people of _______________ ancestry,clan affiliation is still a matter of interest,though the importance of such kin groups has diminished.

A)Inuit
B)Azande
C)Jo/'hoansi
D)Scottish
E)Croatian

Question 52

The kin-ordered social structure of the _______________ offers an interesting ethnographic example of a moiety system.

A)Hopi
B)Navajo
C)Comanche
D)Crow
E)Shoshone

Question 53

Which of the following is not a form of descent?

A)bilateral
B)double
C)ambilineal
D)endogamy
E)unilineal

Question 54

Although not true of all matrilineal systems,a common feature is the _______________ of the tie between husband and wife.

A)flexibility
B)tenuousness
C)strength
D)weakness
E)intensity

Question 55

What were the Maori migration routes based on mitochondrial DNA studies?

A)sub-Saharan Africa
B)northern Egypt
C)northern Mesopotamia
D)southeast China
E)southern England

Question 56

Among the Hopi,_______________ function as landholding corporations,allocating land for the support of member households.

A)lineages
B)phratries
C)moieties
D)extended families
E)clans

Question 57

?What minority population was van Eck studying in the Netherlands?

A)Russians
B)Polish
C)French
D)Hispanic immigrants
E)Turkish immigrants

Question 58

Totemism was defined by British anthropologist _______________ as a set of "customs and beliefs by which there is set up a special system of relations between the society and the plants,animals,and other natural objects that are important in social life."

A)Bronislaw Malinowski
B)Margaret Mead
C)Ruth Benedict
D)A.R.
Radcliffe-Brown
E)Franz Boaz

Question 59

What are honor killings?

A)abortion
B)ethnocide
C)serial homicide
D)suicide
E)ritualized murder

Question 60

Which of the following is not a Maori cultural concept?

A)iwi
B)mauri
C)waka
D)namus
E)tapu

Question 61

___________________________ is a unilineal kinship group descended from a common ancestor or founder who lived 4 to 6 generations ago,and in which relationships among members can be exactly stated in genealogical terms.

A)Lineage
B)Descent
C)Kindred
D)Matrilineal descent
E)Patrilineal descent

Question 62

A(n)_________________________ group that establishes its membership exclusively through either male or female line.

A)kinship
B)descent
C)unilineal descent
D)matrilineal descent
E)patrilineal descent

Question 63

As generations succeed generations,a lineage often divides and becomes a _______________ through the process called _________________.

A)phratry/ fission
B)moiety/ fission
C)clan/fracturing
D)clan/fission
E)totem/ancestry

Question 64

A(n)_________________________ group that establishes its membership exclusively through the female line.

A)kinship
B)descent
C)unilineal descent
D)matrilineal descent
E)patrilineal descent

Question 65

Among American Indian societies,matrilineal descent is often exists.

Question 66

It is possible in some descent systems for a man to belong to both a patrilineage and a matrilineage at the same time.

Question 67

Descent groups do little more than provide a sense of warmth and belonging.

Question 68

___________________________ is an extended kinship group,often consisting of several lines,whose members claim a common descent from a remote ancestor,usually mythical or legendary.

A)Lineage
B)Clan
C)Kindred
D)Moiety
E)Phratry

Question 69

A(n)_________________________ group that establishes its membership exclusively through the male line.

A)kinship
B)descent
C)unilineal descent
D)matrilineal descent
E)patrilineal descent

Question 70

A/an __________________________ is a unilineal descent group composed of at least two clans that supposedly share a common ancestry whether or not they really do.

A)moiety
B)phratry
C)totem group
D)lineage
E)Eskimo system kinship system

Question 71

An individual' close blood relatives on the maternal and paternal sides of the family are kindred.

Question 72

The Micmacs are a tribe in Massachusetts.

Question 73

The parent-child link appears to provide the basis for the structured social groups called descent groups.

Question 74

DNA studies prove that the Maori origin myths about migration routes from northern Africa are correct.

Question 75

Matrilineal societies are matriarchal-that is,women have the primary authority.

Question 76

Bilateral kinship and bilateral descent can be used interchangeably since they mean the same thing.

Question 77

A/An _________________________ group is any kin-ordered social group;with a membership in the direct line of descent from a real or fictional common ancestor.

A)kinship
B)descent
C)unilineal descent
D)matrilineal descent
E)patrilineal descent

Question 78

Anglo-American culture uses Eskimo kinship terminology.

Question 79

A common characteristic of lineages is __________________.

A)fission
B)totemism
C)exogamy
D)endogamy
E)ancestor worship

Question 80

Unilineal descent means that relatives outside one's own descent line are avoided if at all possible.