Deck 2: Self-Motivation and Goal Setting

Question 1

According to research, an advantage of fantasy goals is that they:

A) improve daily performance.
B) help with personal adjustment.
C) help us appreciate an ordinary job.
D) make other goals unnecessary.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

An appropriate (or key) objective in a work setting specifies:

A) the steps necessary to accomplish a goal.
B) satisfaction levels for employees.
C) outcomes of what the department was created to produce.
D) process goals such as "teamwork" and "improve morale."

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A problem sometimes encountered with strict adherence to goal setting is that:

A) performance is actually lowered.
B) it becomes difficult to define success.
C) the goal setter becomes too flexible.
D) the goal setter has difficulty relaxing.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

An important implication of expectancy theory for self-motivation is:

A) people should acquire the training they need.
B) a positive mental attitude is more important than training.
C) people should choose their own rewards.
D) self-determining work is an effective motivator.

Question 5

A need is:

A) an external striving to achieve a goal.
B) an internal sense of calm and relaxation.
C) an external sense of calm and relaxation.
D) an internal striving or urge to do something, such as a need to drink when thirsty.

Question 6

According to the need theory of motivation, unsatisfied needs motivate us until:

A) they become satisfied.
B) they become frustrated.
C) they lead to self-actualization.
D) they lead to self-esteem.

Question 7

Being part of the "office gang" most directly satisfies the need for:

A) power.
B) achievement.
C) self-actualization.
D) affiliation.

Question 8

Which of the following group of needs tends to be the most frequently satisfied?

A) safety and security.
B) esteem.
C) belongingness and love.
D) self-actualization.

Question 9

Popular opinion strongly suggests that the various generations have different needs which are based on their ______.

A) values
B) needs
C) strengths
D) weaknesses

Question 10

Most motivational goals are:

A) general and considerably difficult.
B) long range rather than short range.
C) set by others for us.
D) specific and reasonably difficult.

Question 11

________________is the best-known categorization of needs. (a) Maslow's hierarchy
(b) Erikson's stages of development
(c) Freud's concepts of the self
(d) Descartes rules of induction

Question 12

A strong need for achievement is characterized by:

A) a desire to control others.
B) a desire to achieve friendships.
C) joy in accomplishment for its own sake.
D) happiness with modest accomplishments.

Question 13

Rewarding yourself for doing something right is an example of:

A) behaviour modification.
B) goal setting.
C) raising your self-expectations.
D) getting feedback on your performance.

Question 14

A goal that leads to success is usually:

A) reasonably challenging.
B) set in the present tense.
C) set in the intermediate range.
D) established for us by another person.

Question 15

A person with a learning-goal orientation would:

A) prefer new learning to a high income.
B) want to prove his or her own competency.
C) establish a goal for learning new skills.
D) attempt to impress others through good performance.

Question 16

An important contribution of goals to your life is that they prevent a __________ of effort.

A) focusing
B) concentration
C) scattering
D) curtailment

Question 17

Intrinsic motivation refers to:

A) the natural tendency to avoid any kind of work.
B) the natural tendency to seek out new challenges and to use one's abilities.
C) the natural desire for what is routine and familiar.
D) the inability to focus on a task due to other interests.

Question 18

A problem noted with a performance-goal orientation is that it can:

A) reduce interest in the task itself.
B) place too much emphasis on new learning.
C) place too much emphasis on mastering a situation.
D) make a person obsessed with finding joy in the task.

Question 19

According to the technique of priority setting on the job, the worker:

A) tells the superior which goals should have the highest priority.
B) gives the highest priority to goals that fit his or her values.
C) pursues diligently goals that he or she finds most important.
D) pursues diligently goals that are most important to management.

Question 20

A realistic goal is one that:

A) includes money as well as happiness.
B) is relatively easy to attain.
C) matches the employer's desires.
D) represents the right amount of challenge.

Question 21

A person with a learning-goal orientation is strongly interested in demonstrating his or her competency and adequacy.

Question 22

The first step in the self-discipline model is to:

A) develop role models.
B) formulate a mission statement.
C) compartmentalize spheres of life.
D) search for pleasure within the task.

Question 23

A key characteristic of self-disciplined people is that they:

A) impose punishment and suffering on themselves.
B) rebel against goals set by management.
C) find very little joy in working.
D) work toward attaining goals without being distracted.

Question 24

A self-disciplined person experiences considerable:

A) day-by-day suffering.
B) distractions while attempting to achieve goals.
C) intrinsic motivation.
D) stress based on working so hard.

Question 25

A key consequence of priority setting on the job is that you attach the most importance to goals your employer thinks are the most important.

Question 26

Effective goals state what you will be doing when you achieve your goal.

Question 27

The need for thrill seeking is a personal need that is rarely pursued on the job.

Question 28

Developing a positive mental attitude is similar to:

A) overcoming expectancy theory.
B) raising your self-expectations.
C) applying behaviour modification to yourself.
D) getting feedback on your performance.

Question 29

Goals set by lower-ranking employees are supposed to contribute to goals set at the top of the organization.

Question 30

According to the need theory of motivation, people have needs and motives that propel them toward achieving certain goals.

Question 31

Goals that lead to a highly demanding task may create a state of over arousal that prompts the person to back away from getting the job done.

Question 32

Goals typically lead to a scattering of effort because the goal setter pursues several different activities at the same time.

Question 33

A person with a performance-goal orientation is heavily interested in acquiring new skills and mastering new situations.

Question 34

The most difficult group of needs to satisfy are the self-actualization needs.

Question 35

Goals create a discrepancy between what exists and an ideal situation.

Question 36

The highest-level needs people strive to satisfy are called self-actualizing needs.

Question 37

It is best to ignore past performance in setting goals.

Question 38

A person who develops a strong work ethic will automatically:

A) behave in a highly ethical manner.
B) develop a learning-goal orientation.
C) be strongly motivated.
D) be qualified for a supervisory position.

Question 39

An action plan describes what will be done if your original goal cannot be reached.

Question 40

People with a performance-goal orientation are strongly interested in obtaining feedback on their performance.

Question 41

The self-disciplined person who compartmentalizes spheres of life keeps several different components of life in mind at the same time when performing a task.

Question 42

A realistic goal finds a mid-point between no challenge and extraordinary challenge.

Question 43

When using visual and sensory stimulation to help you achieve goals, it is recommended that you incorporate many senses into your visualizations.

Question 44

A key part of the self-discipline model is to develop general goals that are the same from task to task.

Question 45

Setting goals is one of the most effective ways to increase motivation.

Question 46

One problem with goals is that they may lead the goal setter to avoid important activities not related to the goal.

Question 47

A problem with goals is that they often interfere with relaxation.

Question 48

Good questions to ask when formulating a personal mission statement are "Who are you?" and "What are you trying to accomplish in life'?"

Question 49

Lowering your level of self-expectation is equivalent to developing a positive mental attitude.

Question 50

According to the expectancy theory of motivation, building your skills relevant to the job will increase your motivation.