Deck 7: Sport Psychology Interventions

Question 1

A wrestler who is competing in a Canadian Interuniversity Sport competition and just wants to give his best effort in his next match is violating what important goal setting recommendation?

A) timely
B) realistic
C) adjustable
D) specific

Answer 1

specific

Question 2

A middle distance runner who intends to win the race is demonstrating which type of goal?

A) process
B) product
C) performance
D) outcome

Answer 2

outcome

Question 3

A boxer wishes to move up a weight class during the season so she can compete successfully at a higher weight. She weighs herself weekly to assure she is on task. Which guideline of goal setting is she most closely following?

A) timely
B) adjustable
C) measurable
D) specific

Answer 3

measurable

Question 4

Which one of the following explains how goal setting works?

A) directs attention to the task
B) mobilizes concentration
C) regulates persistence
D) promotes the development of relearning

Question 5

Which is a common myth about sport psychology interventions?

A) Psychological skills training is a permanent solution.
B) Only average athletes can benefit from psychological skills training.
C) Psychological skills training usually works best with high achievers.
D) Athletes only need a sport psychology consultant when they are performing poorly.

Question 6

An athlete who is practising imagining an accurate badminton serve is using which function of the analytic model of imagery?

A) motivational general-mastery
B) motivational specific
C) motivational general-arousal
D) cognitive specific

Question 7

A basketball player who intends to shoot 80% from the free-throw line in a championship game is demonstrating which type of goal?

A) process
B) performance
C) outcome
D) product

Question 8

An archer who does relaxation and imagery exercises on a regular basis is in which phase of psychological skills training?

A) education
B) practice
C) acquisition
D) awareness

Question 9

A curler who imagines herself to be confident in front of a crowd at the Olympic trials is using which function of the analytic model of imagery?

A) cognitive general
B) motivational general-arousal
C) motivational specific
D) motivational general-mastery

Question 10

Which one of the following results in best performances?

A) easy goals
B) moderate goals
C) moderately difficult goals
D) very difficult goals

Question 11

Which one of the following is a tool used to assess imagery ability?

A) Test of Psychological Skills
B) Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment
C) Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2
D) Performance Profiling

Question 12

Which one of the following is a tool used to assess the frequency of imagery use?

A) Sport Imagery Questionnaire
B) Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire
C) Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised
D) Performance Profiling

Question 13

Which function of imagery has research shown to improve self-efficacy?

A) cognitive specific
B) motivational general-arousal
C) cognitive general
D) motivational general-mastery

Question 14

Which of the following is the most commonly used performance enhancement strategy in sport psychology?

A) goal setting
B) imagery
C) self-talk
D) arousal regulation

Question 15

An athlete who decides to win every sprint in soccer practice is following which goal-setting guideline?

A) setting goals for practice
B) making the goals public
C) stating goals positively
D) reviewing goals regularly

Question 16

A second-string high school basketball player in his senior year who is short, slow, and possesses average skills has aspirations of eventually being a starter on an NBA team. Which guideline of goal setting is he violating?

A) timely
B) realistic
C) adjustable
D) measurable

Question 17

Which of the following is an assessment tool that allows for the identification of an athlete's performance-related strength and weakness?

A) Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire
B) Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool
C) Performance Profiling
D) Sport Imagery Questionnaire

Question 18

A sport psychology consultant who spends an entire session with athletes informing them of the benefits of goal setting is using which phase of psychological skills training?

A) education
B) practice
C) acquisition
D) awareness

Question 19

A hockey player who concentrates on getting back on defence and finishing her body checks is demonstrating which type of goal?

A) performance
B) outcome
C) product
D) process

Question 20

A sport psychology consultant who is helping a volleyball player learn how to set goals and how to concentrate better is using which phase of psychological skills training?

A) education
B) practice
C) acquisition
D) awareness

Question 21

An athlete imagining winning an Olympic gold medal is an example of cognitive specific imagery.

Question 22

Which is the most common procedure for measuring attention as a limited resource?

A) attention cueing
B) dual-task performance
C) temporal occlusion
D) focus assessment

Question 23

A baseball player listening to music before competing is doing so for which of the following purposes?

A) enhancing motivation
B) increasing arousal
C) practising distraction
D) increasing attention

Question 24

A coach who posts catchy phrases in a location that is visually prominent to increase arousal is using which technique?

A) visual prompts
B) pep talks
C) bulletin boards
D) poster cues

Question 25

What is mindfulness?

A) allowing the mind to wander without attentional control
B) a combination of physiological and cognitive alertness
C) the art of conscious control without attentional constraints
D) non-judgmental, present moment and task relevant awareness

Question 26

Which model provides guidelines for imagery use?

A) Analytic Model of Imagery
B) PETTLEP
C) IUM
D) Model of Imagery Functions

Question 27

Most athletes rate goals as being only moderately effective.

Question 28

An athlete who uses self-talk to build self-confidence and stay focused is demonstrating which of the following?

A) overt verbalization
B) covert verbalization
C) motivational self-talk
D) instructional self-talk

Question 29

When setting goals, an athlete should include performance, process, and outcome goals to get the best result.

Question 30

Which of the following encompasses the two broad categories of association and disassociation?

A) selective attention
B) event occlusion
C) focusing
D) attentional focus

Question 31

Which one of the following dimensions should be used as a guide when developing self-talk interventions for athletes?

A) Self-talk should be motivating.
B) Self-talk should be covert.
C) The coach should be responsible in developing the athlete's self-talk statements.
D) Use both positive and negative self-talk.

Question 32

A fatigued middle-distance runner in the last 500 metres of a race starts to silently repeat the words strong, powerful, and smooth. Which type of attention control strategy is being used?

A) self-talk
B) performance routine
C) attentional cues
D) imagery

Question 33

Temporal occlusion examines which characteristics of performance that people use to make a correct response?

A) amount of effort
B) amount of time
C) number of events
D) number of cues

Question 34

An athlete who uses self-talk to remember the mechanics of a skill is demonstrating which of the following?

A) cognitive self-talk
B) informational self-talk
C) instructional self-talk
D) motivational self-talk

Question 35

What causes choking?

A) attention cueing to incorrect information
B) misguided attention control combined with elevated anxiety
C) a combination of temporal and event occlusion
D) fear of failure

Question 36

How is an athlete's control over attentional focus developed?

A) through competing
B) genetically determined
C) by engaging in dual-coding tasks
D) learned through practice

Question 37

The analytic model of imagery suggests that imagery has cognitive and motivational functions that operate at four levels.

Question 38

An athlete who focuses on alternating feelings of warmth and heaviness of the limbs is practising which technique to regulate arousal?

A) autogenic training
B) relaxation training
C) muscle awareness
D) kinaesthetic simulation

Question 39

Arousal is considered to be a multidimensional construct of consists of which of the following components?

A) physiological, cognitive appraisal, and affective
B) motivational and cognitive
C) psychological, physiological, and cognitive
D) motivational, affective, and cognitive

Question 40

Which one of the following is an attention control strategy?

A) simulation training
B) verbal distraction
C) attention inhibition
D) performance substitution

Question 41

Attentional cues are a set sequence of thoughts and actions that are done before the performance of key skills.

Question 42

Describe what the relationship should be between the sport psychology consultant and the athlete.

Question 43

Athletes report using imagery most in competition, and more specifically just prior to competition.

Question 44

Martin, Moritz, and Hall (1999) developed an applied model for depicting how imagery works in sport. According to the model, the desired sport outcome should be matched to the correct function of imagery. Give three examples of outcomes matching the correct imagery function.

Question 45

Discuss how each of the three phases of a psychological skills training program can be accomplished.

Question 46

Why is it important to encourage athletes to use positive self-talk?

Question 47

An athlete`s ability to effectively regulate arousal is one of the most important techniques in ensuring success.

Question 48

Athletes learn, practise, and apply psychological strategies in training and competition.

Question 49

Attentional cues are words and actions that direct the athlete's attention. Three types of cues are verbal, visual, and physical. Describe each type of cue and provide an example of its use.

Question 50

Explain why goal setting is effective.

Question 51

The dimension of self-talk that is concerned with the extent to which athletes interpret their self-talk to be motivating is self-determination.

Question 52

Attention is a multi-dimensional construct having at least two components.

Question 53

Briefly describe three techniques an athlete can use to reduce arousal.