Deck 9: Group Cohesion in Sport and Exercise

Question 1

A hockey team whose members have been drawn to the team in early stages because it is very task oriented but eventually decide to stay with the group because they have all become good friends is demonstrating which characteristic of cohesion?

A) dynamic
B) multi-dimensional
C) instrumental
D) affective
E) encompassing

Answer 1

dynamic

Question 2

Research examining cohesion in different settings has found that

A) setting does not affect cohesion.
B) greater task cohesion was reported by exercise adherers in private clubs.
C) greater task cohesion was reported by exercise adherers in university settings.
D) setting only affected cohesion with more established teams.
E) setting only affected cohesion when the outcomes were important.

Answer 2

greater task cohesion was reported by exercise adherers in university settings.

Question 3

Which one of the following is NOT a key characteristic of cohesion?

A) dynamic
B) multi-dimensional
C) instrumental
D) affective
E) consistent

Answer 3

consistent

Question 4

Cohesion develops differently in exercise groups. It has been found that

A) task and social cohesion remain stable over time.
B) task cohesion remains stable, but social cohesion changes.
C) task cohesion changes, but social cohesion remains stable.
D) task and social cohesion change over time.
E) task cohesion increases, while cohesion decreases.

Question 5

Having the rookies on your volleyball team wear funny clothes in public during training camp is likely to

A) increase task cohesion.
B) increase social cohesion.
C) have no effect on cohesion.
D) decrease cohesion.
E) both A and B

Question 6

Which group process is NOT associated with team effectiveness?

A) aggregation
B) communication
C) cohesion
D) decision-making
E) team chemistry

Question 7

An intramural hockey team that is highly cohesive because team members have several reasons for playing on the team, including winning the championship, the social interactions among players, and because they win lots of games, is demonstrating which characteristic of cohesion?

A) dynamic
B) multi-dimensional
C) instrumental
D) affective
E) encompassing

Question 8

If you wanted to increase the cohesiveness of a soccer team, you might consider

A) keeping the number of members on the team low.
B) only allowing friends to join.
C) have the coach become friends with the players.
D) encourage members to have personal goals.
E) both B and C

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that cohesion has been defined over the years?

A) esteem for members
B) resultant of forces acting on members to remain in group
C) interpersonal relationships
D) attraction to group
E) attitude to group

Question 10

A softball team that stays together to maintain lifelong friendship is demonstrating which characteristic of cohesion?

A) dynamic
B) multi-dimensional
C) instrumental
D) affective
E) task

Question 11

What is the dynamic process that is reflected in the tendency for a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of the members' affective needs known as?

A) group dynamics
B) assembly effect
C) cohesion
D) team building
E) collective efficacy

Question 12

Role clarity and acceptance are examples of which type of team-building principle?

A) team structure
B) team environment
C) team togetherness
D) team processes
E) distinctiveness

Question 13

What are the variations in group behaviour that are a function of a particular combination of individuals in a group known as?

A) group dynamics
B) assembly effect
C) team cohesion
D) task cohesion
E) social cohesion

Question 14

Results from studies examining the cohesion-performance relationship have revealed that

A) the relationship is strongest for social cohesion.
B) the relationship is strongest in laboratory groups.
C) the relationship is weakest in sport groups.
D) a small positive relationship exists.
E) no relationship exists.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways suggested by Carron and Eys (2012) to enhance communication in sport teams?

A) encouraging players to modify any dissenting ideas
B) arranging the dressing room so that players can be closer together
C) establishing a strong relationship with the coach
D) focusing on group goals
E) de-emphasizing personal goals

Question 16

"Two heads are better than one" is a saying that reflects which group process?

A) effective communication
B) cohesion
C) goal-setting
D) decision-making
E) collective efficacy

Question 17

Which statement best describes direct team building?

A) intervention specialist works with the head coach
B) intervention specialist works with the head and assistant coaches
C) intervention specialist works with assistant coaches
D) intervention specialist works with the players
E) intervention specialist works with the coaches and players

Question 18

A curling team that stays together because members make each other laugh and feel comfortable is displaying which characteristic of cohesion?

A) dynamic
B) multi-dimensional
C) instrumental
D) social
E) task

Question 19

An exercise leader whose enthusiasm increases the group's cohesion, which then increases how hard the member's work, is demonstrating cohesion as a ________.

A) strategy
B) mediator
C) confounder
D) moderator
E) secondary outcome

Question 20

The coach continually tells the players on the team that they are doing a great job. Which type of cohesion is likely to increase?

A) interpersonal attraction
B) task
C) social
D) attraction to group
E) both B and C

Question 21

Task cohesion is most associated with an athlete's intention to return to a team.

Question 22

It has been suggested that team goals will be more effective when the sport requires a high degree of cooperation.

Question 23

The conceptual model of cohesion developed by Carron et al (1985) portrays cohesion as a multi-dimensional construct that includes ________ and ________ aspects?

A) social; task
B) friendship; social
C) individual; group
D) task; goals
E) both A and C

Question 24

Social cohesion refers to the orientation toward achieving the group's objectives.

Question 25

Which one of the following is a sports-specific questionnaire that has been developed to assess cohesion?

A) Group Environment Questionnaire
B) Physical Activity Questionnaire
C) Leadership Scale for Sports
D) Collective-efficacy Questionnaire
E) Social Support Questionnaire

Question 26

Cohesion is related to a wide range of adherence measures, including lateness, attendance, and dropout behaviour.

Question 27

Which one of the following is NOT a team correlate of group cohesion?

A) team success
B) collective efficacy
C) psychological momentum
D) athlete's starting status
E) group size

Question 28

To make decisions using the principle of equal participation and equal power describes majority rule.

Question 29

A volleyball coach who allows athletes to have some participation in decisions relating to team goals is demonstrating which leadership correlate of group cohesion?

A) leader's behaviour
B) team building
C) leader's decision style
D) individual effort
E) collective efficacy

Question 30

Task cohesion refers to the orientation toward developing and maintaining social relationships within the group.

Question 31

Cohesion has moved from being viewed as a multi-dimensional construct to being viewed as a unidimensional construct.

Question 32

A curler who decides to play another position to accommodate a new player moving to the team is demonstrating which personal correlate of group cohesion?

A) individual effort
B) self-handicapping
C) team success
D) individual sacrifice
E) collective efficacy

Question 33

Which one of the following is a factor of cohesion in a sport group?

A) individual attraction to friendship
B) individual attraction to good friends
C) group integration friendship
D) group integration-social
E) comraderie

Question 34

Research has reported that the relationship between cohesion and performance is stronger when performance is defined as behaviour (that is, actions relevant to achieving the outcome) as opposed to outcome (that is, results of the behaviour).

Question 35

The smaller the group, the greater the level of cohesion.

Question 36

A lacrosse player who remarks to a teammate before a big game that she may not play well because she was up all night with a cold is demonstrating which personal correlate of group cohesion?

A) social loafing
B) individual effort
C) self-handicapping
D) psychological momentum
E) individual sacrifice

Question 37

An exercise-class instructor who has the class make up a group name is using which factor in the group environment category to enhance cohesion?

A) distinctiveness
B) individual positions
C) group norms
D) sacrifices
E) interaction and communication

Question 38

The study of cohesion has revealed that enhanced levels of cohesion are associated with key outcomes for both the individual and the team in the sport setting.

Question 39

Elite ringette players who indicated that they would play with their team the next season if they perceived that their team was high in social cohesiveness, regardless of where their team ended up in the final league standings, are demonstrating which personal correlate of group cohesion?

A) individual adherence
B) compatibility
C) individual effort
D) collective efficacy
E) individual sacrifice

Question 40

A coach whose behaviour is characterized by a concern for the welfare of individual athletes is demonstrating which leadership behaviour?

A) training and instruction
B) social support
C) positive feedback
D) autocratic style
E) nurturing

Question 41

Does hazing as a form of team building increase team cohesion? Explain why or why not.

Question 42

Cohesion works equally well in adherence and compliance situations.

Question 43

To assess cohesion in the sport setting, the Sport Cohesiveness Questionnaire is the instrument of choice.

Question 44

Why is it important to understand group behaviour in the sport setting?

Question 45

Why is cohesion often reported to be the most important small group variable?

Question 46

Which style of sport leadership assessed through the LSS is best suited for developing cohesion?

Question 47

Distinguish between the terms group dynamics and assembly effect.

Question 48

Identify the two sport-specific questionnaires that have been used to measure cohesion in adults, and briefly describe why one is used more extensively than the other.

Question 49

Identify and briefly describe the four key characteristics of team cohesion as defined by Carron and Eys (2012).

Question 50

What are two ways suggested by Carron and Eys (2012) to promote cooperation and reduce rivalry with a team?

Question 51

The term assembly effect refers to variations in group behaviour that are a function of the particular combinations of individual in a group.

Question 52

Hazing is a good technique for increasing cohesion within a sport team.

Question 53

Describe the conceptual model of group cohesion.

Question 54

Which specific leadership behaviours measures from transformational leadership are associated with higher levels of cohesion in sport teams?