Deck 15: Physical Activity Interventions

Question 1

The intent of treatment research is to

A) develop a successful physical activity intervention.
B) evaluate whether interventions positively affect exercise behaviour.
C) develop successful exercise outcomes.
D) change an individual's life experience in some way through the use of physical activity.

Answer 1

change an individual's life experience in some way through the use of physical activity.

Question 2

According to the Transtheoretical model, when an individual is in the action stage of behavioural change they

A) do not intend to make a behavioural change.
B) intend to make a change within six months.
C) intend to make a change within the next month.
D) plan on starting a new behaviour.

Answer 2

plan on starting a new behaviour.

Question 3

Theory based research

A) evaluates the relationship among constructs as outlined by established theories.
B) proposes new relationships among constructs.
C) is not concerned about relationships among constructs.
D) evaluates behavioural outcomes.

Answer 3

evaluates the relationship among constructs as outlined by established theories.

Question 4

Determinant research does not evaluate

A) social factors that affect exercise behaviour.
B) strategies that target social factors.
C) support from significant family members for physical activity.
D) attitudes toward physical activity.

Question 5

A physical activity counsellor

A) teaches individuals how to perform exercises correctly.
B) uses behaviour modification techniques to help individuals exercise more regularly.
C) leads group exercise classes.
D) is a medical doctor.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an implementation intention?

A) "When I get in the car, I will drive to the gym."
B) "I intend to exercise three times per week."
C) "I want to exercise more frequently."
D) "I intend to run this week."

Question 7

According to the Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, what percentage of Canadians can be classified as inactive or sedentary?

A) 21%
B) 31%
C) 48%
D) 51%

Question 8

According to the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the most immediate predictor of behaviour is an individual's

A) attitude toward the behaviour.
B) intention to complete the behaviour.
C) evaluation of what others think he/she should do.
D) perception of the how much control they have over the behaviour.

Question 9

According to the Transtheoretical model, when an individual is in the pre-contemplation stage of behavioural change they

A) do not intend to make a behavioural change.
B) intend to make a change within six months.
C) intend to make a change within the next month.
D) plan on maintaining a new behaviour.

Question 10

According to the Transtheoretical model, advice to help individuals identify the benefits of exercise should be given to someone in the ________ stage of physical activity.

A) pre-contemplation
B) contemplation
C) preparation
D) action

Question 11

According to the Transtheoretical model, when an individual is in the contemplation stage of behavioural change they

A) do not intend to make a behavioural change.
B) intend to make a change within six months.
C) intend to make a change within the next month.
D) plan on sustaining a new behaviour.

Question 12

The focus of outcome research is to

A) develop an intervention and test whether or not it positively affects exercise behaviour.
B) evaluate how physical activity is used to change desirable behavioural and psychological outcomes.
C) evaluate how physical activity helps individuals cope with chronic illness.
D) develop desirable physical activity outcomes.

Question 13

According to the Transtheoretical model, when an individual is in the maintenance stage of behavioural change they

A) do not intend to make a behavioural change.
B) intend to make a change within six months.
C) intend to make a change within the next month.
D) plan on sustaining a new behaviour.

Question 14

The Transtheoretical model reminds us that interventions should

A) be tailored to the specific exercise stage that an individual is in.
B) include educational programs.
C) affect attitude change.
D) include behavioural contracts.

Question 15

Task self-efficacy is confidence in one's ability to

A) overcome barriers that may arise when participating in exercise.
B) plan and organize exercise in one's life.
C) complete the components in the exercise session.
D) engage in physical activity regularly.

Question 16

Intervention research

A) evaluates personal factors that influence exercise behaviour.
B) is primarily concerned with physical activity statistics.
C) seeks to manipulate the different factors that affect physical activity.
D) evaluates factors that predict exercise adherence.

Question 17

One successful way to change people's attitudes toward physical activity is

A) through a persuasive advertisement campaign.
B) by ensuring that they follow through with their intentions.
C) by doing what friends want you to do.
D) by knowing what everyone else is doing.

Question 18

According to the Transtheoretical model, when an individual is in the preparation stage of behavioural change they

A) do not intend to make a behavioural change.
B) intend to make a change within six months.
C) intend to make a change within the next month.
D) plan on maintaining a new behaviour.

Question 19

There are many types of self-efficacy. Confidence in one's ability to engage in physical activity is known as ________.

A) barrier self-efficacy
B) scheduling self-efficacy
C) in-class self-efficacy
D) exercise self-efficacy

Question 20

According to the Theory of Planned Behaviour, an individual's intention to engage in exercise is determined by

A) the social support they experience for physical activity.
B) their subjective evaluation of exercise.
C) their attitudes toward physical activity.
D) the barrier self-efficacy that they experience.

Question 21

Behaviour monitoring can be achieved by

A) keeping track of your physical activity.
B) teaching an individual specific management skills.
C) understanding theoretical constructs.
D) watching individuals exercise.

Question 22

Computer technology would best be used to help seniors exercise more regularly.

Question 23

Goal setting has two crucial steps

A) setting specific goals and measuring them.
B) identifying a target and an action plan.
C) being self-motivated and committed.
D) making sure goals are attainable and timely.

Question 24

According to the Transtheoretical model, providing information about how to overcome barriers to exercise would be beneficial for someone in the ________ stage of physical activity.

A) pre-contemplation
B) contemplation
C) preparation
D) action

Question 25

Exercise involvement usually increases with age.

Question 26

Interventions that work best for children

A) target the entire family.
B) highlight the health benefits of exercise.
C) include low intensity exercise.
D) include removing physical barriers.

Question 27

Physical activity contracts

A) increase an individual's commitment to exercise.
B) are considered part of a best practice.
C) specifies in writing what is to be achieved through physical activity.
D) all of the above

Question 28

Using a journal to keep track of how often you attend your yoga class is an example of ________.

A) goal setting
B) behavioural contracts
C) physical activity contracts
D) behavioural monitoring

Question 29

Physical activity contracts work because they enhance an individual's motivation and commitment to attain a physical activity goal.

Question 30

The main advantage of mass media campaigns is that

A) it is very personal.
B) it is very expensive.
C) it has long term effects on behaviour change.
D) the information reaches large numbers of people.

Question 31

Exercise intervention research

A) is based only on theory.
B) is not based on theory.
C) can be based on theory or may not be based on theory.
D) is based on developing relationships among constructs.

Question 32

According to the Transtheoretical model, helping individuals organize and plan exercise into their lives would be beneficial for someone in the ________ stage of physical activity.

A) pre-contemplation
B) contemplation
C) preparation
D) action

Question 33

Stage-targeted activity interventions are no more likely to induce changes in motivation than approaches that do not consider stages.

Question 34

Physical activity counselling is provided by trained health-care professionals who help individuals incorporate physical activity into their lifestyle.

Question 35

Behavioural approaches are based on how information is delivered to an individual.

Question 36

Physical inactivity among Canadians is very costly to our healthcare system.

Question 37

Computer technology may not have long-lasting effects because the supportive environment provided by people is missing.

Question 38

Mass media campaigns are interventions that attempt to reach select individuals through public forums.

Question 39

There is only one type of self-efficacy that can be influenced in the exercise setting.

Question 40

The main advantage of computer technology as a way to deliver exercise information is that

A) it is very personal.
B) people need to have knowledge of how to use computers.
C) large numbers of people can be reached with minimal cost.
D) people most have access to a computer.

Question 41

Persuasive communication is one way to provoke attitude change and is based on providing specific information regarding beliefs about physical activity. What would you say to an individual who has just been diagnosed with diabetes and feels that they don't have time to exercise in order to change their attitude about physical activity?

Question 42

The Transtheoretical model does a good job of describing the different exercise stages that an individual may currently be in. According to this model successful interventions will need to be stage matched in some way in order to be successful. Describe the strategies that you could use to encourage physical activity in an individual in the contemplation stage. How would these differ from the strategies you would implement for an individual in the maintenance stage of behaviour change?

Question 43

Why is it important to read research on exercise interventions very carefully? Why must you take note of the subjects' characteristics, location of research, and related factors?

Question 44

Exergaming is as effective as real physical activity for children.

Question 45

Physical activity has been used by researchers to help individuals cope with chronic illness. Describe how exercising through cancer treatments could help individuals.

Question 46

Describe the four steps involved in motivational interviewing. Write a case study for how a doctor could use motivational interviewing with an obese patient who he is encouraging to exercise.

Question 47

You have just been hired as the strength training coach for a high school soccer team. You have designed a fantastic training program for the athletes. What strategies would you use to help them actually complete the training program?

Question 48

Behavioural strategies teach individuals specific management skills necessary for the successful maintenance of physical activity. Explain and give an example of a successful behavioural strategy.

Question 49

The HAPA model incorporates many of the key concepts from various theories to describe exercise behaviour. Discuss three of these key concepts.

Question 50

One key component of interventions geared toward changing exercise behaviour is increasing self-efficacy perceptions. Describe two ways that you would help an individual feel more confident about their ability to exercise?

Question 51

The most successful interventions will be based on utilizing many of the strategies reviewed in the chapter. Several key components were identified as increasing the probability of an intervention being successful. Describe three of these recommendations.