Deck 3: Anatomy and Research Methods

Question 1

​The central nervous system is composed of the ____.

A)brain and spinal cord
B)​nerves outside the brain and spinal cord exclusively 
C)​sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
D)somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

The prefrontal cortex is important for working memory.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Damage to the right hemisphere of the cortex will most likely cause loss of sensory or motor control on the left side of the body.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The choroid plexus reabsorbs the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 5

​The parasympathetic nervous system activates the "fight or flight" response.

Question 6

The elbow is more distal to the shoulder than the hand.

Question 7

​Many cells in association areas of the brain respond to more than one sensory modality.

Question 8

​Together,the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system make up the ____ nervous system.

A)peripheral
B)​central
C)​sympathetic
D)dorsal

Question 9

​Some cranial nerves include both sensory and motor components.

Question 10

Parasympathetic neurons use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.

Question 11

​Which division of the nervous system consists of neurons that control the heart,intestines,and other organs?

A)internal
B)​afferent
C)​somatic
D)autonomic

Question 12

Although relatively small,the hypothalamus is very important for a large range of motivated behaviors.

Question 13

Neurons that directly convey messages to muscles and glands are part of the central nervous system.

Question 14

​Which division of the nervous system consists of neurons that deliver messages from the sensory organs to the central nervous system?

A)autonomic
B)​sympathetic
C)​somatic
D)parasympathetic

Question 15

​Damage to the striate cortex of the right hemisphere causes blindness in the left visual field.

Question 16

Cell bodies of motor neurons are located outside of the spinal cord.

Question 17

Substantia nigra gives rise to the dopamine-containing pathway that facilitates readiness for movement.

Question 18

The limbic system is important for motivation and emotional behaviors.

Question 19

The somatic nervous system carries signals from the ____ and is part of the ____.​

A)senses; central nervous system
B)​organs; autonomic nervous system
C)​organs; sympathetic nervous system
D)senses; peripheral nervous system

Question 20

The hindbrain consists of the medulla,the pons,and the cerebellum.

Question 21

​Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____.

A)the central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system
B)​voluntary behavior; involuntary behavior
C)​arousal; relaxation
D)neurotransmitters; hormones

Question 22

​Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the ____.

A)spinal cord
B)​dorsal root ganglia
C)​white matter
D)ventral roots

Question 23

​The basal ganglia are a related cluster of cell bodies that are lateral to the.

A)meninges
B)​hippocampus
C)​hypothalamus
D)thalamus

Question 24

​If one structure is on the left side of the body and another is on the right,they are said to be ____ to each other.

A)medial
B)​lateral
C)​ipsilateral
D)contralateral

Question 25

​You are walking after dark.A sudden noise frightens you.Your heart pounds,your pulse races,and your breathing rate increases.These responses are due to your ____.

A)parasympathetic nervous system
B)​sympathetic nervous system
C)​somatic nervous system
D)immune system

Question 26

​The cell bodies of sensory neurons that are in clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord are called ____.

A)sensory nuclei
B)​sensory clusters
C)​ventral root ganglia
D)dorsal root ganglia

Question 27

​Sympathetic ganglia ____.

A)are located inside the spinal cord
B)​act more independently than do parasympathetic ganglia
C)​are closely linked and often act as a single system
D)have short postganglionic fibers extending to internal organs

Question 28

​Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from the front?

A)coronal
B)​sagittal
C)​horizontal
D)transverse

Question 29

​After damage to the dorsal roots of the spinal cord,an individual will suffer what kind of loss?

A)sensation from the affected body area
B)​control of the peripheral muscles in the affected body area
C)​control of organs in the affected body area
D)sensation of the muscles on the opposite side of the body

Question 30

​A cross section of the spinal cord indicates that gray matter is ____.

A)densely packed with myelinated axons
B)​composed mostly of unmyelinated axons
C)​densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites
D)composed only of dendrites

Question 31

​The spinal cord communicates with ____.

A)sense organs and muscles below the level of the head
B)​all sense organs and muscles in the human body
C)​the dorsal root ganglia only
D)the ventral root ganglia only

Question 32

​The sweat glands,adrenal glands,and muscles that constrict blood vessels have input from only the ____ nervous system.

A)sympathetic
B)​parasympathetic
C)​central
D)dorsal root

Question 33

​Where would you find the dorsal root ganglia?

A)at the base of the brain
B)​in the gray matter of the spinal cord
C)​in the white matter of the spinal cord
D)outside, but near, the spinal cord

Question 34

​Which neurotransmitter is primarily used by the parasympathetic nervous system?

A)dopamine
B)​serotonin
C)​acetylcholine
D)norepinephrine

Question 35

​Cell bodies of motor neurons would most likely be found in ____.

A)gray matter
B)​white matter
C)​the dorsal roots
D)the tracts

Question 36

​Which part of the nervous system prepares the body for "fight or flight" activities?

A)sympathetic
B)​somatic
C)​parasympathetic
D)peripheral

Question 37

​Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from above?

A)coronal
B)​sagittal
C)​horizontal
D)commuter

Question 38

​After damage to the ventral roots of the spinal cord,an individual will suffer what kind of loss?

A)sensation from the affected body area
B)​control of the peripheral muscles in the affected body area
C)​control of organs in the affected body area
D)sensation of the muscles on the opposite side of the body

Question 39

​The parasympathetic nervous system has ____.

A)long preganglionic and long postganglionic axons
B)​long preganglionic and short postganglionic axons
C)​short preganglionic and short postganglionic axons
D)short preganglionic and long postganglionic axons

Question 40

​Acetylcholine is the only neurotransmitter released by ____.

A)the sympathetic nervous system's postganglionic synapses
B)​the parasympathetic nervous system's postganglionic axons
C)​intrinsic neurons in the spinal cord
D)intrinsic neurons of the hippocampus

Question 41

​Breathing,heart rate,vomiting,salivation,coughing,and sneezing are all controlled by which structure?

A)medulla
B)​thalamus
C)​cerebellum
D)pons

Question 42

​In which area of the brain would one find the tectum,tegmentum,superior and inferior colliculi,and substantia nigra?

A)midbrain
B)​hindbrain
C)​reticular formation
D)forebrain

Question 43

​The ascending portion of the reticular formation ____.

A)controls the motor areas of the spinal cord
B)​is responsible for the eye muscles
C)​controls the motor areas of the brain
D)increases arousal and attention

Question 44

​Which structure consists of the medulla,the pons,and the cerebellum?

A)hindbrain
B)​reticular formation
C)​midbrain
D)forebrain

Question 45

​The cerebellum contributes to the control of what function?

A)hunger
B)​temperature
C)​olfaction
D)movement

Question 46

​In addition to problems with balance and coordination,a person with damage to the cerebellum will likely have problems with ____.

A)reflexive changes in heart rate
B)​shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli
C)​amnesia
D)rational decision-making

Question 47

​The term rhombencephalon refers to the ____.

A)brainstem
B)​hindbrain
C)​midbrain
D)forebrain

Question 48

​The medulla is considered part of the brain rather than the spinal cord because it ____.

A)developed later in evolution
B)​is contained in the skull
C)​develops from a separate group of neurons
D)is composed only of interneurons

Question 49

​Which structure receives input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex?

A)nucleus basilis
B)​reticular formation
C)​spinal cord
D)amygdala

Question 50

Superior colliculus is to ____ as inferior colliculus is to ____.

A)vision; hearing
B)​taste; smell
C)​vision; touch
D)touch; hearing

Question 51

​The nuclei for most of the cranial nerves are located in the ____.

A)cerebral cortex
B)​hypothalamus
C)​midbrain
D)pons and medulla

Question 52

​The nuclei for cranial nerves I through IV are located in the ____.

A)midbrain and forebrain
B)​hindbrain
C)​pons and medulla
D)spinal cord

Question 53

​The reticular formation is contained within the ____.

A)brain stem
B)​spinal cord
C)​raphe system
D)cerebellum

Question 54

​How many pairs of cranial nerves do humans have?

A)8
B)​10
C)​12
D)16

Question 55

​The medulla controls a number of reflexes through ____.

A)the midbrain
B)​the forebrain
C)​cranial nerves
D)skeletal nerves

Question 56

​What structure is composed of the medulla,pons,the midbrain,and certain central structures of the forebrain?

A)limbic system
B)​thalamus
C)​brain stem
D)cerebellum

Question 57

​Research indicates that the behavioral effects of the cerebellum may be due to its role in ____.

A)coordinating information from left and right hemispheres
B)​focusing attention and organizing sensory inputs
C)​interpreting visual stimuli
D)coordinating the release of hormones

Question 58

​As axons from the spinal cord enter the skull,which structure do they enter?

A)midbrain
B)​forebrain
C)​medulla
D)cerebellum

Question 59

​Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____.

A)serotonin; dopamine
B)​dopamine; serotonin
C)​acetylcholine; norepinephrine
D)norepinephrine; acetylcholine

Question 60

Vision is to ____ as hearing is to ____.

A)cranial nerve I; cranial nerve X
B)​cranial nerve II; cranial nerve VIII
C)​cranial nerve II; cranial nerve V
D)cranial nerve IV; cranial nerve VIII

Question 61

​Meningitis is an inflammation of the ____.

A)cerebrospinal fluid
B)​glia
C)​membranes surrounding the brain
D)medulla oblongata

Question 62

​The ventricles,central canal,and subarachnoid space are all ____.

A)part of the forebrain
B)​filled with cerebrospinal fluid
C)​involved in cognitive functioning
D)filled with blood

Question 63

​A group of forebrain structures is important for motivated and emotional behavior.What term refers to this group of structures?

A)limbic system
B)​reticular formation
C)​tegmentum
D)basal ganglia

Question 64

​The hindbrain consists of the ____.

A)tectum, tegmentum, and reticular formation
B)​thalamus and hypothalamus
C)​spinal cord and cranial nerves
D)medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Question 65

​The choroid plexus ____.

A)cushions the brain
B)​protects the brain from infection
C)​is another name for the ventricles
D)forms the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 66

​The nucleus basalis is a key part of the brain's system for ____.

A)emotional response
B)​attention
C)​visual perception
D)auditory perception

Question 67

​The hippocampus plays a major role in ____.

A)innate sexual behavior
B)​temperature regulation
C)​memory
D)secretion of hormones

Question 68

​An individual has difficulty remembering certain things after brain damage,but all memories stored before the damage are intact.The brain area most likely damaged is the ____.

A)fornix
B)​hypothalamus
C)​hippocampus
D)nucleus basalis

Question 69

​Which structure is likely to be damaged in Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,and other conditions that impair movement?

A)thalamus
B)​basal ganglia
C)​limbic system
D)reticular formation

Question 70

What type of pathway in the substantia nigra deteriorates in Parkinson's disease?​

A)dopamine
B)​serotonin
C)​norepinephrine
D)acetylcholine

Question 71

​Which structure provides the main source of input to the cerebral cortex?

A)limbic system
B)​medulla
C)​thalamus
D)hypothalamus

Question 72

​By both neural and hormonal pathways,the hypothalamus regulates activity of the ____.

A)pituitary gland
B)​thalamus
C)​retina
D)ventricles

Question 73

​Damage to the basal ganglia would most likely result in ____.

A)a movement disorder
B)​problems with visual perception
C)​problems with auditory perception
D)a loss of pain sensation

Question 74

​One function of the thalamus is to ____.

A)relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex
B)​regulate sleep cycles
C)​direct the secretions of the hypothalamus
D)moderate emotional outbursts

Question 75

​Secretions from which gland will also affect the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland,adrenal gland,and ovaries or testes?

A)thymus gland
B)​pineal gland
C)pituitary gland

Question 76

​Membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are called ____.

A)CSF
B)​ventricles
C)​meninges
D)hydrocephali

Question 77

​Olfactory information is processed by the ____.

A)thalamus via the olfactory bulbs
B)​cortex via the olfactory bulbs
C)​spinal cord
D)medulla

Question 78

​The limbic system is most related to ____.

A)emotional behaviors
B)​motor coordination
C)​coordination between the eyes and ears
D)perception of three-dimensional objects

Question 79

​An impairment of eating,drinking,temperature regulation,or sexual behavior suggests possible damage to which brain structure?

A)midbrain
B)​hippocampus
C)​hypothalamus
D)cerebellum

Question 80

​The pituitary gland synthesizes and releases hormones ____.

A)to the outside of the body
B)​to the thalamus
C)​into the bloodstream
D)to the hypothalamus