Deck 11: The Chemical Elements

Question 1

Which of the following is not matter?

A) Air
B) Heat
C) Charcoal
D) Electrons

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The smaller portion of a solution is generally called the

A) salt.
B) solute.
C) molar concentrate.
D) solvent.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The greater amount of substance in a solution is generally called the

A) salt.
B) solute.
C) molar concentrate.
D) solvent.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A nonchemical combination of two or more substances in variable proportions is called

A) a mixture.
B) a compound.
C) an ion.
D) a molecule.

Question 5

A sample of matter that contains atoms that all have the same number of protons is

A) an element.
B) a substance.
C) a compound.
D) a homogeneous mixture.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the five major divisions of chemistry?

A) Nuclear chemistry
B) Physical chemistry
C) Biochemistry
D) Inorganic chemistry

Question 7

Which science deals with the composition,structure,properties,and reactions of matter?

A) Thermodynamics
B) Geology
C) Physics
D) Chemistry

Question 8

Chloroform can be broken down by chemical means but not by physical methods.Thus chloroform is

A) a homogeneous mixture.
B) an element.
C) a compound.
D) a heterogeneous mixture.

Question 9

A watermelon is a good example of

A) a compound.
B) an element.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) a heterogeneous mixture.

Question 10

The identity of an atom is determined by its number of

A) valence bonds.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) protons.

Question 11

The most modern definition of element is

A) a substance that cannot be further separated by chemical methods.
B) the simplest form of matter.
C) a substance in which all the atoms have the same number of protons.
D) a substance that contains no neutrons.

Question 12

A chemical combination of two or more substances in variable proportions is called

A) a mixture.
B) a compound.
C) an ion.
D) a molecule.

Question 13

Aluminum is an example of

A) a compound.
B) a solution.
C) an element.
D) an alloy.

Question 14

Neptunium is an example of

A) A compound
B) A solution
C) An alloy
D) An element

Question 15

A cola drink is a good example of

A) a compound.
B) a heterogeneous mixture.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) an element.

Question 16

A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a definite,fixed proportion by mass is

A) a molecule.
B) a compound.
C) an ion.
D) a mixture.

Question 17

A chocolate chip cookie is a good example of

A) a compound.
B) an element.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) a heterogeneous mixture.

Question 18

Mouthwash is a good example of

A) a compound.
B) a heterogeneous mixture.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) an element.

Question 19

Which of the five major divisions of chemistry is generally considered the most fundamental?

A) Organic chemistry
B) Inorganic chemistry
C) Analytical chemistry
D) Physical chemistry
E) Biochemistry

Question 20

If all samples of a material have identical properties and composition,it is

A) a compound.
B) an element.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) an element or compound.

Question 21

Take a cup of water,add sugar,and stir.If the resulting solution contains sugar crystals that do not dissolve,the solution is said to be

A) an unsaturated solution.
B) a saturated solution.
C) a homogeneous solution.
D) none of these.

Question 22

The symbol for carbon is

A) Ca.
B) Cr.
C) Co.
D) C.

Question 23

Take a cup of water,add sugar,and stir.Continue adding sugar and stirring until the sugar crystals no longer dissolve.Then apply heat to dissolve the remaining crystals.If the resulting solution is allowed to slowly cool,the solution is said to be

A) an unsaturated solution.
B) a saturated solution.
C) a supersaturated solution.
D) none of these.

Question 24

Take a cup of water,add sugar,and stir.If the resulting solution no longer contains sugar crystals,the solution is said to be

A) an unsaturated solution.
B) a saturated solution.
C) a heterogeneous solution.
D) none of these.

Question 25

A metal alloy,such as steel,is

A) a compound.
B) a heterogeneous mixture.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) an element.

Question 26

What was the nationality of the first persons who we know speculated about "elements"?

A) Chinese
B) Egyptian
C) Greek
D) Roman

Question 27

The symbol for potassium is

A) Pm.
B) Po.
C) P.
D) K.

Question 28

The symbol for oxygen is

A) Ox.
B) On.
C) O.
D) Xy.

Question 29

Living next to a lake near volcanic activity can be deadly.There can be large amounts of CO₂ dissolved in the water.An earthquake,landslide,or even rapid cooling can trigger the release of the CO₂,causing death nearby.The water of the lake in these cases is

A) an unsaturated solution.
B) a saturated solution.
C) a supersaturated solution.
D) a completely unsaturated solution.

Question 30

A bubble-producing soda is an example of

A) an unsaturated solution.
B) a saturated solution.
C) a supersaturated solution.
D) a completely unsaturated solution.

Question 31

What scientist discovered more elements than any other person?

A) Lavoisier
B) Boyle
C) Berzelius
D) Davy

Question 32

In 1661,who developed a definition of element that made the concept subject to laboratory investigation?

A) Berzelius
B) Boyle
C) Lavoisier
D) Davy

Question 33

The symbol for tungsten is

A) W.
B) Ti.
C) Ag.
D) Tb.

Question 34

The symbol for Erbium is

A) Er.
B) Yb.
C) Ho.
D) Dy.
E) Tm.

Question 35

The symbol for copper is

A) C.
B) Co.
C) Cr.
D) Cu.

Question 36

Solutions are

A) homogeneous mixtures.
B) heterogeneous mixtures.
C) nonuniform mixtures.
D) none of these.

Question 37

A gold-plated (gold-covered)piece of jewelery,such as a bracelet,is

A) a compound.
B) a heterogeneous mixture.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) an element.

Question 38

The symbol for tin is

A) Sn.
B) Ti.
C) Sb.
D) In.

Question 39

The symbol for lead is

A) Pb.
B) La.
C) Li.
D) Xe.

Question 40

How many elements occur naturally on Earth?

A) 102
B) 88
C) 112
D) 82

Question 41

The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called

A) periods.
B) groups.
C) families.
D) series.

Question 42

About 85% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the element(s)

A) iron
B) nickel
C) oxygen.
D) silicon.
E) iron and nickel.

Question 43

The second most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere is

A) oxygen.
B) argon.
C) nitrogen.
D) carbon dioxide.

Question 44

Diamond,graphite,and buckyballs are

A) isotopes.
B) allotropes.
C) isomeres.
D) diatomic.

Question 45

About 75% of the mass of the visible universe is composed of which element?

A) Helium
B) Iron
C) Hydrogen
D) Silicon

Question 46

Only two elements,mercury and ______________,are liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

A) sodium
B) bromine
C) phosphorus
D) iodine

Question 47

The most abundant element in the universe is

A) hydrogen.
B) iron.
C) oxygen.
D) carbon.

Question 48

Which of the following,along with O₂,is an allotrope of oxygen?

A) O₃
B) O^2-
C) O
D) O₄

Question 49

Nearly 100% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the two elements

A) iron and nickel
B) aluminum and silicon
C) oxygen and aluminum
D) silicon and oxygen.

Question 50

About 74% by mass of Earth's crust is composed of the two elements

A) oxygen and iron.
B) aluminum and iron.
C) oxygen and silicon.
D) silicon and aluminum.

Question 51

When the atoms of two or more elements react chemically,they usually join together to form

A) isotopes.
B) new elements.
C) molecules.
D) isomers.

Question 52

Diamond and graphite are

A) similar in physical properties.
B) composed of the same element.
C) of the same crystalline structure.
D) bonded in the same manner.

Question 53

"Buckyball" is an allotrope of the element

A) carbon.
B) oxygen.
C) phosphorus.
D) none of these.

Question 54

Two or more forms of the same element that have different bonding structures in the same physical phase are called

A) isobars.
B) allotropes.
C) isotopes.
D) isomers.

Question 55

The periodic table is most easily understood in terms of the ______________ configurations of the elements.

A) periodic
B) proton
C) neutron
D) electron

Question 56

Pencil "lead" (graphite)is made primarily of

A) oil.
B) PbO₂.
C) carbon.
D) Pb.

Question 57

About 99% by mass of Earth's atmosphere is composed of the two elements

A) nitrogen and oxygen.
B) oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C) oxygen and silicon.
D) hydrogen and helium.

Question 58

The vertical columns of elements in the periodic table are called

A) periods.
B) groups.
C) families.
D) series.

Question 59

About 15% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the element(s)

A) iron
B) nickel
C) oxygen.
D) silicon.
E) iron and nickel.

Question 60

An example of a diatomic molecule of a compound is

A) P₄.
B) NO₂.
C) N₂.
D) CO.

Question 61

Electrons in the outermost shell are referred to as ______________ electrons.

A) valence
B) orbital
C) f shell
D) s shell

Question 62

Which of the following elements has the lowest ionization energy?

A) Ar
B) Na
C) Ne
D) Li

Question 63

In a given period,the element of which group has the highest ionization energy?

A) 2A
B) 8A
C) 7A
D) 1A

Question 64

In general,elements that have four to eight electrons in their valence shell are

A) semimetals.
B) metalloids.
C) nonmetals.
D) metals.

Question 65

The chemical properties of calcium and strontium are similar because both

A) are located on the left side the periodic table.
B) are in the same group.
C) have four electrons in the first shell.
D) are in the same period.

Question 66

How many valence electrons does an atom of phosphorus have?

A) 15
B) 5
C) zero
D) 3

Question 67

The chemical properties of chlorine and bromine are similar because both

A) are nonmetals and they are close together in the periodic table.
B) have seven valence electrons.
C) have two electrons in the first shell.
D) are in the same period.

Question 68

In addition to those of Groups 1A and 2A,three common elements that form only one ion each are

A) Sc, Ti, and Hg.
B) Pb, Sn, and Cu.
C) Al, Zn, and Ag.
D) Ga, Ni, and Fe.

Question 69

An element that is malleable,ductile,and a good conductor of heat and electricity would be classified as a

A) metalloid.
B) semimetal.
C) metal.
D) nonmetal.

Question 70

The major credit for the development of the periodic table goes to

A) Berzelius.
B) Lavoisier.
C) Boyle.
D) Mendeleev.

Question 71

Which of the following Period 4 elements has the largest atom?

A) Kr
B) Ga
C) Ca
D) Br

Question 72

Which of the following Group 1A elements has the largest atom?

A) Rb
B) Na
C) K
D) Li

Question 73

Which of the following Period 3 atoms has the smallest radius?

A) Ar
B) Al
C) S
D) Na

Question 74

How many shells in an atom of silicon contain electrons?

A) 3
B) 2
C) 5
D) 4

Question 75

How many valence electrons do the Group 6A elements have?

A) 7
B) zero
C) 6
D) 1

Question 76

The periodic law states that the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic

A) radii.
B) shells.
C) numbers.
D) masses.

Question 77

In 1869,a major event in the history of chemistry occurred; it was the

A) discovery of the law of definite proportions.
B) discovery of the octet rule.
C) discovery of the law of conservation of mass.
D) development of the periodic table.

Question 78

Which of the following Group 1A elements has the smallest atom?

A) Rb
B) Na
C) K
D) Li

Question 79

Which of the following Period 4 elements has the smallest atom?

A) Kr
B) Ga
C) Ca
D) Br

Question 80

Elements in Period 2 of the periodic table have electrons in how many shells?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 2