Deck 11: Statistically Based Quality Improvement for Variables

Question 1

________ variation is centered on a mean and occurs with a somewhat consistent amount of dispersion.

A) Nonrandom
B) Specific
C) Systematic
D) Abnormal
E) Random

Answer 1

E

Question 2

________ variation results from some event, such as shift in a process mean or some unexpected occurrence.

A) Uncontrollable
B) Nonrandom
C) Stochastic
D) Random
E) Indefinite

Answer 2

B

Question 3

To ________ means to sample in such a way that every piece of product has an equal chance of being selected for inspection.

A) randomize
B) optimize
C) stabilize
D) rectify
E) modify

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is true of nonrandom variation?

A) It is uncontrollable.
B) It is centered on a mean.
C) It occurs with a somewhat consistent amount of dispersion.
D) It results from a shift in a process mean or some unexpected occurrence.
E) It results in a process that is repeatable.

Question 5

A ________ subgroup is a group of data that is logically homogeneous.

A) primary
B) rational
C) process
D) variable
E) stable

Question 6

Variation within the data in a ________ subgroup can provide a yardstick for computing limits on the standard variation between subgroups.

A) process
B) variable
C) primary
D) stable
E) rational

Question 7

To ensure that processes are stable, data are gathered in ________.

A) batches
B) networks
C) samples
D) lots
E) sets

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the alternative names for one hundred percent samples?

A) screening samples
B) sorting samples
C) rectifying samples
D) detailing samples
E) stabilizing samples

Question 9

Consumer's risk is also called a ________ error.

A) processing
B) non-response
C) type II
D) response
E) type I

Question 10

________ happens when statistical quality analysis fails to result in the scrapping or reworking of a defective product.

A) Management's risk
B) Producer's risk
C) Manufacturer's risk
D) Retailer's risk
E) Consumer's risk

Question 11

Which of the following is true of random variation?

A) It has a cause that can be identified.
B) It can be easily controlled.
C) It occurs with a somewhat consistent amount of dispersion.
D) It results in a process that is not repeatable.
E) It results from a shift in a process mean or some unexpected occurrence.

Question 12

Process ________ means that the variation we observe in the process is random variation and not nonrandom variation.

A) optimization
B) capability
C) control
D) variability
E) stability

Question 13

________ is the probability that a good product will be rejected.

A) Retailer's risk
B) Consumer's risk
C) Manufacturer's risk
D) Management's risk
E) Producer's risk

Question 14

Producer's risk is also called a ________ error.

A) type I
B) non-response
C) type II
D) processing
E) response

Question 15

Samples can be ________ according to time or according to sequence.

A) random
B) uncontrollable
C) indefinite
D) systematic
E) stochastic

Question 16

________ is based on the concept that all work occurs in a system of interconnected processes.

A) Statistical thinking
B) Qualitative modeling
C) Process benchmarking
D) Rational subgrouping
E) Data interlinking

Question 17

________ is the probability that a nonconforming product will be available for sale.

A) Producer's risk
B) Consumer's risk
C) Retailer's risk
D) Management's risk
E) Manufacturer's risk

Question 18

________ is a decision-making skill demonstrated by the ability to draw conclusions based on data.

A) Data interlinking
B) Process benchmarking
C) Rational subgrouping
D) Statistical thinking
E) Qualitative modeling

Question 19

Process stability means that the variation we observe in the process is ________ variation.

A) abnormal
B) specific
C) random
D) systematic
E) nonrandom

Question 20

________ is useful because it ensures independence among observations.

A) Process capability
B) Optimization
C) Population distribution
D) Process stability
E) Randomization

Question 21

In a variables control chart, which of the following is likely to occur if two points in succession are farther than two standard deviations from the mean?

A) erratic behavior
B) nonrandom event
C) process drift
D) natural variation
E) process run

Question 22

A(n) ________ is a continuous measurement such as weight, height, or volume.

A) variable
B) attribute
C) paradigm
D) criterion
E) element

Question 23

In a variables control chart, which of the following is likely to occur if seven points, either increasing or decreasing, are in succession?

A) erratic behavior
B) nonrandom event
C) process drift
D) natural variation
E) process run

Question 24

Process population average, mean, range, moving range, and standard deviation are examples of ________.

A) attributes
B) variables
C) elements
D) criteria
E) paradigms

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of an attributes chart?

A) s chart
B) R chart
C) p chart
D) MR chart
E) X chart

Question 26

________ are tools for monitoring process variation.

A) Pareto charts
B) Control charts
C) Histograms
D) Scatter diagrams
E) Cause-and-effect diagrams

Question 27

A(n) ________ is used when data are hypergeometrically distributed.

A) p chart
B) u chart
C) c chart
D) h chart
E) g chart

Question 28

The ________ chart is used in monitoring process dispersion.

A) chart
B) c chart
C) p chart
D) R chart
E) X chart

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a variables chart?

A) u chart
B) c chart
C) np chart
D) p chart
E) X chart

Question 30

The chart is a process chart used to monitor the ________ of the characteristic being measured.

A) range
B) average
C) mode
D) median
E) standard deviation

Question 31

What is the first step in developing process control charts?

A) identify critical product characteristics
B) select the appropriate process control chart
C) determine whether the critical product characteristic is a variable or an attribute
D) identify critical operations in the process
E) establish the control limits

Question 32

A ________ is used when data are geometrically distributed.

A) p chart
B) u chart
C) c chart
D) h chart
E) g chart

Question 33

The ________ is a process chart used to monitor the average of the characteristic being measured.

A) chart
B) R chart
C) c chart
D) p chart
E) MR chart

Question 34

What is the lower limit of R for sample sizes less than or equal to six?

A) -1
B) 6
C) 0
D) -6
E) 1

Question 35

In a variables control chart, which of the following is likely to occur if five points are in succession, either all above or below the center line?

A) erratic behavior
B) nonrandom event
C) process drift
D) natural variation
E) process run

Question 36

In a variables control chart, which of the following is likely to occur if large jumps of more than three or four standard deviations take place?

A) erratic behavior
B) nonrandom event
C) process drift
D) natural variation
E) process run

Question 37

Proportion defective, number defective, number nonconforming in a consistent sample space, and number defects per unit are examples of ________.

A) criteria
B) paradigms
C) elements
D) variables
E) attributes

Question 38

The ________ reflects a population distribution.

A) p chart
B) s chart
C) u chart
D) X chart
E) R chart

Question 39

A(n) ________ is an either-or-situation resulting from a binomial process.

A) variable
B) paradigm
C) criterion
D) attribute
E) element

Question 40

The ________ is the difference between the largest measurement and the smallest measurement in a particular sample.

A) range
B) median
C) mode
D) standard deviation
E) mean

Question 41

The ________ uses past information to predict what the next process outcome will be.

A) np chart
B) u chart
C) moving average chart
D) cusum chart
E) p chart

Question 42

The ________ is used to identify slight but sustained shifts in a universe where there is no independence between observations.

A) cusum chart
B) moving average chart
C) s chart
D) np chart
E) R chart

Question 43

A 50 volt battery must be between 55 and 45 volts when it leaves the factory. Two hundred samples of batteries have yielded the following data: average charge of 49 volts with a standard deviation of 2.5 volts. What is the process capability?

A) 0.06
B) 0.80
C) 0.53
D) 0.12
E) 0.38

Question 44

Although charts generally are preferred for variables data, sometimes it is too time consuming or inconvenient to compute subgroup averages. In these cases, a(n) ________ is used.

A) chart
B) X chart
C) p chart
D) s chart
E) R chart

Question 45

Use the following table to answer the question(s) below.

A machine shop owner wishes to monitor the diameter of an engine boring operation where the piston bore should be 4.25". He obtains 8 samples of 5 and records the data in the table above. What should the lower and upper control limits be for an X-bar chart?

A) (5.00, 8.00)
B) (-1.50, 1.50)
C) (4.33, 5.12)
D) (0.00, 1.45)
E) (-5.10, 5.10)

Question 46

The ________ is often used where variation in a process is small.

A) s chart
B) X chart
C) np chart
D) u chart
E) c chart

Question 47

The ________ is used for monitoring variables and measurement on a continuous scale.

A) cusum chart
B) c chart
C) X chart
D) np chart
E) moving average chart

Question 48

________ are often used in monitoring the production of silicon chips for computers.

A) X charts
B) c charts
C) np charts
D) R charts
E) s charts

Question 49

Use the following table to answer the question(s) below.

A machine shop owner wishes to monitor the diameter of an engine boring operation where the piston bore should be 4.25". He obtains 8 samples of 5 and records the data in the table above. What should the upper and lower control limits be for an R chart?

A) (5.00, 8.00)
B) (0.00, 2.50)
C) (4.33, 5.12)
D) (0.00, 1.45)
E) (-5.10, 5.10)

Question 50

Use the following table to answer the question(s) below.

A machine shop owner wishes to monitor the diameter of an engine boring operation where the piston bore should be 4.25". He obtains 8 samples of 5 and records the data in the table above. What should the center line be for a chart that monitors process average?

A) 4.58
B) 4.66
C) 4.73
D) 4.78
E) 4.82

Question 51

Use the following table to answer the question(s) below.

Close tolerances are required in the manufacturing section of an automotive parts business. Since the customers demand quality, the owner wants to monitor the operation closely using statistical process control. After taking 8 samples of size 4, the owner finds himself with the data in the table above. What are the lower and upper limits for a chart that will monitor process average?

A) (99.68, 100.36)
B) (99.56, 100.21)
C) (99.41, 100.59)
D) (99.38, 100.82)
E) (99.99, 100.01)

Question 52

World-class levels of process capability are measured by ________ defect levels.

A) parts per million
B) parts per hundred thousand
C) parts per ten thousand
D) parts per thousand
E) parts per hundred

Question 53

The diameter of a mason jar is 3 inches but can be as large as 3.03 inches and as small as 2.97 inches. Twenty five samples of mason jars are taken and it is discovered that these components have a grand mean of 3.01 inches and a standard deviation of 0.02 inches. What is the capability of this process?

A) 0.08
B) 0.16
C) 0.33
D) 0.49
E) 0.66

Question 54

Use the following table to answer the question(s) below.

A machine shop owner wishes to monitor the diameter of an engine boring operation where the piston bore should be 4.25". He obtains 8 samples of 5 and records the data in the table above. What should the center line be for a chart that monitors process dispersion?

A) 0.50
B) 0.55
C) 0.60
D) 0.69
E) 0.80

Question 55

Use the following table to answer the question(s) below.

Close tolerances are required in the manufacturing section of an automotive parts business. Since the customers demand quality, the owner wants to monitor the operation closely using statistical process control. After taking 8 samples of size 4, the owner finds himself with the data in the table above. What is the center line for a chart that will monitor process dispersion?

A) 0.45
B) 0.30
C) 0.00
D) 0.75
E) cannot be determined from the information given

Question 56

Use the following table to answer the question(s) below.

Close tolerances are required in the manufacturing section of an automotive parts business. Since the customers demand quality, the owner wants to monitor the operation closely using statistical process control. After taking 8 samples of size 4, the owner records the data in the table above. What are the lower and upper limits for a chart that will monitor process dispersion?

A) (0.00, 1.85)
B) (0.00, 2.11)
C) (0.00, 2.28)
D) (0.00, 1.03)
E) (0.00, 1.45)

Question 57

Use the following table to answer the question(s) below.

Close tolerances are required in the manufacturing section of an automotive parts business. Since the customers demand quality, the owner wants to monitor the operation closely using statistical process control. After taking 8 samples of size 4, the owner finds himself with the data in the table above. What is the center line for a chart that will monitor process average?

A) 100.20
B) 102.00
C) 99.88
D) 98.00
E) cannot be determined from the information given

Question 58

The diameter of a mason jar is 3 inches but can be as large as 3.03 inches and as small as 2.97 inches. Twenty-five samples of mason jars are taken and it is discovered that these components have a grand mean of 3.01 inches and a standard deviation of 0.02 inches. What is the probability of producing a bad product?

A) 0.60
B) 0.18
C) 0.32
D) 0.45
E) 0.84

Question 59

________ refers to the ability of a process to produce a product that meets specifications.

A) Process stability
B) Process attribute
C) Process variability
D) Process capability
E) Process conformance

Question 60

A 50 volt battery must be between 55 and 45 volts when it leaves the factory. Two hundred samples of batteries have yielded the following data: average charge of 49 volts with a standard deviation of 2.5 volts. What is the probability of producing an out-of-spec battery?

A) 0.06
B) 0.80
C) 0.53
D) 0.12
E) 0.32

Question 61

One hundred percent samples are also known as screening samples.

Question 62

Process charts are graphs designed to signal process workers when nonrandom variation is occurring in a process.

Question 63

Statistical tools focus on causes rather than effects.

Question 64

Statistical tools are deemed to fail because people have a poor understanding of the scientific method.

Question 65

Statistical thinking is based on the concept that understanding variation and increasing variation are important keys to success.

Question 66

Random variation is also referred to as uncontrollable variation.

Question 67

X chart is an example of a variables chart.

Question 68

Statistical thinking is a decision-making skill demonstrated by the ability to draw conclusions based on data.

Question 69

Process stability means that the variation observed in the process is nonrandom variation and not random variation.

Question 70

Consumer's risk happens when statistical quality analysis fails to result in the scrapping or reworking of a defective product.

Question 71

An attribute is a continuous measurement such as weight, height, or volume.

Question 72

Random variation results from an event such as a shift in a process mean or some unexpected occurrence.

Question 73

The upper and lower specifications for metal head plates are 5 0.1 cm. A sample of the metal head plates in 25 undergraduates yields a mean of 5.05. We know that the population standard deviation is 0.04. What is the population capability index?

A) 2.15
B) 2.51
C) 1.25
D) 1.52
E) 0.42

Question 74

Nonrandom variation is centered on a mean and occurs with a consistent amount of dispersion.

Question 75

In the study of quality, Type I error is called consumer's risk.

Question 76

Producer's risk is the probability that a nonconforming product will be available for sale.

Question 77

Statistical process control charts are tools for monitoring process variation.

Question 78

Nonrandom variation results in a process that is not repeatable.

Question 79

The upper and lower specifications for metal head plates are 5 0.1 cm. A sample of the metal head plates in 25 undergraduates yields a mean of 5.05. What is the population standard deviation if the population capability index is 1.666?

A) 0.01
B) 0.02
C) 0.03
D) 0.04
E) 0.05

Question 80

If a systematic sample is performed according to sequence, the product is inspected at regular intervals of time.