Deck 4: Personal, Legal, Ethical, and Organizational Issues of Information Systems

Question 1

_____ laws give only the creator exclusive privileges, meaning no one else can reproduce, distribute, or perform the literary and artistic work without permission.

A) Trademark
B) Invention
C) Patent
D) Copyright

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Information technologies have decreased the ease of access to information for hackers as well as for legitimate organizations.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

As a knowledge worker, while making a work-related decision, it is unnecessary to check if the decision complies with the organization's values.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Green computing helps an organization save on energy costs.

Question 5

E-wallets and smart cards increase the risks of exposing consumers' information on the Web.

Question 6

A common way to index and link databases is by using__________.

A) key customer numbers
B) Virtual Account numbers
C) Social Security numbers
D) protected electronic numbers
E) Select

Question 7

One of the ways in which green computing can be achieved is by replacing meetings over computer networks with actual face-to-face meetings.

Question 8

In the context of intellectual property, which of the following is categorized as copyrighted material?

A) Trademarks
B) Industrial designs
C) Artistic works
D) Inventions

Question 9

Copyright laws cover online materials that can be printed or saved on a storage device.

Question 10

__________is a legal umbrella covering protections that involve copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and patents for "creations of the mind" developed by people or businesses.

A) An identity log file
B) A virtual organization
C) Intellectual property
D) Information policy
E) Select

Question 11

A patent protects product names and identifying marks.

Question 12

According to the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), any information collected from children must have parental consent.

Question 13

Information technologies have led to job deskilling.

Question 14

To minimize the invasion of privacy, users should be barred from reviewing their records.

Question 15

Private information on the Web-what is posted by a person-is subject to censorship.

Question 16

_____ information can be censored if the content is deemed offensive to a political, religious, or cultural group.

A) Public
B) Private
C) Secretive
D) Abstracted

Question 17

With employee-monitoring systems, managers can supervise employees' work speeds.

Question 18

Ergonomics experts believe that using better-designed furniture can solve many of the health problems related to computer equipment.

Question 19

Because sending spam is expensive, a small response-a fraction of a percent, for example-is an inadequate return on the investment.

Question 20

A virtual organization needs an organizational hierarchy for participants to contribute their expertise.

Question 21

Which of the following can help offset the digital divide?

A) Increasing the speed of the Internet for the information rich
B) Increasing the number of computers in public places
C) Reducing the number of computer equipment at schools
D) Reducing the Internet bandwidth for the information poor

Question 22

In the context of information privacy, which of the following is true of spam?

A) It is solicited e-mail sent for business purposes.
B) It can only be send to a small number of people.
C) It is sent in bulk using automated mailing software.
D) It can only be used to provide access to legitimate e-mails.

Question 23

In the context of information privacy, which of the following is true of cookies?

A) They record users' actions on a Web site.
B) They get saved on a computers' primary memory.
C) They provide information about users' location.
D) They make it impossible for Web sites to customize pages for users.

Question 24

The principle of__________is the idea that several organizations working together can do what one organization cannot.

A) virtual organization
B) collated organization
C) merged organization
D) pool organization
E) Select

Question 25

In the context of Web and network privacy, _____ is a method for binding all the parties to a contract.

A) phishing
B) nonrepudiation
C) cybersquatting
D) encapsulation

Question 26

To minimize the invasion of privacy, users and organizations should:

A) provide wrong data to unauthorized users.
B) use verification procedures to ensure data accuracy.
C) keep collected information even after the stated purpose is over.
D) provide access to one's personal information to all interested parties.

Question 27

In the context of privacy issues, unsolicited e-mail sent for advertising purposes is called__________.

A) virus
B) bug
C) spam
D) cookie
E) Select

Question 28

In general, _____ last the author's lifetime plus 70 years and do not need to be renewed.

A) copyrights
B) patents
C) aero designs
D) industrial designs

Question 29

Identify a program used by parents to prevent their children's access to certain Web sites.

A) Hideman
B) Betternet
C) CyberSitter
D) ZenMate

Question 30

A potential benefit of telecommuting is that it _____.

A) regulates work routine
B) reduces employee turnover
C) separates work and home life
D) increases interaction with coworkers

Question 31

With virtual organizations, _____.

A) each participating company can focus on its subpar products as well
B) products can be customized more to respond to customers' needs
C) the cost of hiring new employees increases
D) the time needed to develop new products increases

Question 32

Which of the following is true of virtual organizations?

A) They need central offices for participants to contribute their expertise.
B) They are networks of dependent companies and manufacturers connected via information technologies.
C) They let independent suppliers share skills and have access to each other's markets via information technologies.
D) They need an organizational hierarchy for participants to contribute their expertise.

Question 33

In the context of Web and network privacy, _____ refers to issues involving both the user's and the organization's responsibilities and liabilities.

A) phishing
B) nonrepudiation
C) spoofing
D) accountability

Question 34

To guard against possible legal ramifications and the consequences of using the Web and networks, an organization usually establishes a(n)__________.

A) acceptable use policy
B) standard data policy
C) article ownership policy
D) user content policy
E) Select

Question 35

Organizations can benefit from patents as they can use patents:

A) for an unlimited period of time.
B) for contents derived from other processes.
C) to upgrade a pre-existing patented process.
D) to keep competitors from entering certain market segments.

Question 36

In the 1997 Reno v. ACLU case, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously voted to strike down the anti-indecency provisions of the Communications Decency Act (CDA) because they violated the:

A) freedom of speech provisions of the First Amendment.
B) self-defense provisions of the Second Amendment.
C) Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
D) Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Question 37

_____ involves the design, manufacture, use, and disposal of computers and servers in such a way that there is minimal impact on the environment.

A) Cloud computing
B) Mobile computing
C) Green computing
D) Natural computing

Question 38

In the context of ethical issues of information technologies, restricting access to the Web is a type of _____.

A) cybersquatting
B) censorship
C) copyright
D) spamming

Question 39

Which of the following is a potential drawback of telecommuting?

A) Increased interruptions from coworkers
B) Lack of necessary supplies or equipment
C) Increased employee turnover and absenteeism
D) Difficult work environment for employees with disabilities

Question 40

In the context of information technology in workplaces, which of the following allows adding new tasks to employees' responsibilities?

A) Job virtualization
B) Job upgrading
C) Job deskilling
D) Job rotation

Question 41

Identify a true statement about information technology.

A) It has increased clerical jobs.
B) It has cut down production costs.
C) It has reduced consumers' purchasing power.
D) It has eliminated more jobs than it has created.

Question 42

In the context of information privacy, junk e-mail is also known as _____.

A) cookie
B) bookmark
C) spam
D) draft

Question 43

__________is computing that promotes a sustainable environment and consumes the least amount of energy.

A) Digital computing
B) Soft computing
C) Green computing
D) Cyber computing
E) Select

Question 44

When a user accidentally enters an incorrect Web site address, he or she may be directed to an alternative Web site. This is an example of _____.

A) cyberstalking
B) typosquatting
C) phishing
D) spamming

Question 45

A__________is an intellectual property that protects new processes.

A) registration
B) copyright
C) trademark
D) patent
E) Select

Question 46

A__________is an intellectual property that protects product names and identifying marks.

A) registration
B) copyright
C) trademark
D) patent
E) Select

Question 47

A credit card company sells its customers' mailing addresses to its competitors. In this scenario, the company's action is considered _____.

A) ethical, but illegal
B) legal, but unethical
C) illegal and unethical
D) legal and ethical

Question 48

__________, also known as virtual work, has enabled some people to perform their jobs from home.

A) Telecommuting
B) Urbanizing
C) Outsourcing
D) Offshoring
E) Select

Question 49

In the context of information technology in workplaces, clerical workers using computers for word-processing tasks is an example of _____.

A) job restraining
B) job upgrading
C) job deskilling
D) job sharing

Question 50

To minimize the invasion of privacy, _____.

A) organizations should not delete data even when it is not needed
B) users should be able to review their records and correct any inaccuracies
C) organizations should not modify data once it is entered into an information system
D) users should provide unlimited access to personal information to those who have authorization

Question 51

In the context of Web and network privacy, an acceptable use policy is a:

A) legal document that protects an organization from embezzlement of money by its service providers.
B) set of rules to govern the electronic fund transfers between an organization and its clients.
C) legal document that contains an agreement of the issues documented by the health and social issues of pharmaceuticals.
D) set of rules specifying the legal and ethical use of a system and the consequences of noncompliance.

Question 52

Identify a true statement about copyright laws.

A) They protect new processes.
B) They protect product names.
C) They protect tangible material, such as books.
D) They protect product identifying marks, such as logos.

Question 53

In order to overcome concerns about hackers getting access to the accounts of online shoppers, electronic payment systems such as _____ are being developed.

A) credit cards
B) e-checks
C) debit cards
D) e-wallets

Question 54

In the context of intellectual property, which of the following is categorized as industrial property?

A) Copyrights
B) Artistic works
C) Literary works
D) Trademarks

Question 55

Green computing can be achieved by:

A) using computing devices that are nonbiodegradable.
B) replacing meetings over computer networks with actual face-to-face meetings.
C) replacing one large server with several underutilized smaller servers.
D) using video conferencing, electronic meeting systems, and groupware.

Question 56

__________make it possible for Web sites to customize pages for users, such as an e-commerce Web site recommending items based on your past purchases.

A) Cookies
B) Trojans
C) Applets
D) Kernels
E) Select

Question 57

Clement applies for a home loan at Global Bank Inc. As part of the process, he provides his personal details to the banker who is responsible for sanctioning loans. The banker uses Clement's personal information to sell him insurance policies. In this scenario, the banker's action is considered _____.

A) unethical and illegal
B) ethical, but illegal
C) legal and ethical
D) legal, but unethical

Question 58

Job deskilling occurs when:

A) experienced labor is eliminated by high technology.
B) a worker is promoted from a semiskilled to a skilled position.
C) a job is carried out manually.
D) fragmented jobs are combined as a whole.

Question 59

To minimize the invasion of privacy, organizations should:

A) not delete data even when it is not needed.
B) not modify data once it is entered into an information system.
C) collect only the data that is necessary for the stated purpose.
D) provide unlimited access to personal information to those who have authorization.

Question 60

The cost of hiring additional employees in virtual organizations is reduced because:

A) there is less emphasis on hiring new talent.
B) skills are shared among the participating companies.
C) companies hire candidates with minimum experience.
D) training costs are reduced because of the absence of training programs.

Question 61

Identify a true statement about information and communications technology (ICT).

A) It generates approximately six percent of the world's greenhouse gases.
B) It generates approximately two percent of the world's carbon dioxide emissions.
C) It helps organizations save energy costs.
D) It improves the quality of the environment in which you work.

Question 62

Which of the following protects contents of an HTML code that can be printed or saved on a storage device?

A) Copyright laws
B) Patent laws
C) Laws governing trademarks
D) Industrial property laws

Question 63

__________are networks of independent companies, suppliers, customers, and manufacturers connected via information technologies so that they can share skills and costs and have access to each other's markets.

A) Virtual organizations
B) Collated organizations
C) Merged organizations
D) Pool organizations
E) Select

Question 64

In the context of intellectual property, inventions are categorized as__________properties.

A) literary
B) copyrighted
C) industrial
D) artistic
E) Select

Question 65

Information technology and the Internet have, in essence, resulted in two groups-the information rich and the information poor. This gap between the two groups is called _____.

A) information barrier
B) domain squat
C) data junction
D) digital divide

Question 66

Aaron bought a photo-editing software package for personal use. He makes two copies of the software, in case the original software fails and he needs a backup. In this scenario, Aaron's action is considered _____.

A) illegal and unethical
B) legal, but unethical
C) illegal, but ethical
D) legal and ethical

Question 67

Which of the following principles states that Internet service providers (ISPs) and government agencies should treat all data on the Internet equally?

A) Internet censorship
B) Net neutrality
C) Internet security
D) Free Basics

Question 68

Which of the following is a commonly used technology for data collection?

A) Applets
B) Kernels
C) Cookies
D) Firewalls

Question 69

In the context of Web and network privacy issues, new employees in an organization have to sign a(n)__________before they access the network.

A) acceptable use policy
B) standard data policy
C) article ownership policy
D) user content policy
E) Select

Question 70

Which of the following is included in the goal of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?

A) Safeguarding patients' billing information
B) Protecting patients' computer records
C) Protecting patients' credit information
D) Safeguarding conversations between patients and their families

Question 71

Alfred, a software programmer at Gamma Inc., develops a program that spreads Trojan viruses to the organization's network. When Liam, his manager, discovers that Alfred had intentionally spread the virus, he immediately fires Alfred. In this scenario, Liam's behavior is considered _____.

A) illegal and unethical
B) legal, but unethical
C) illegal, but ethical
D) legal and ethical

Question 72

Jared makes two copies of an antivirus software package he just bought and sells one of the copies to Joshua. In this scenario, Jared's actions are considered _____.

A) ethical, but illegal
B) unethical, but legal
C) illegal and unethical
D) legal and ethical

Question 73

_____, which are generated by Web server software, record a user's actions on a Web site.

A) Viruses
B) Junk e-mails
C) Worms
D) Log files

Question 74

__________are small text files with unique ID tags that are embedded in a Web browser and saved on the user's hard drive.

A) Applets
B) Kernels
C) Cookies
D) Firewalls
E) Select

Question 75

According to the principle of Internet neutrality, Internet service providers (ISPs) and government agencies should _____.

A) cease charging different rates on data
B) treat data based on the types of application
C) start blocking data traffic to specific users
D) discriminate data based on content

Question 76

__________is a technique that relies on typographical errors made by Web users when typing a Web site address into a Web browser.

A) URL opening
B) URL hijacking
C) URL parsing
D) URL decoding
E) Select

Question 77

In the context of intellectual property, _____ is registering, selling, or using a domain name to profit from someone else's trademark.

A) sniffing
B) phishing
C) cybersquatting
D) spamming

Question 78

_____ permits you to use copyrighted material for certain purposes, such as quoting passages of a book in literary reviews.

A) Uniform Civil Code
B) The Fair Use Doctrine
C) The Copyright Act of 1790
D) IT code of conduct

Question 79

Using _____ is a way to solve health issues related to computer equipment.

A) correct lighting
B) wired keyboards
C) a high capacity RAM
D) a high speed Internet

Question 80

According to the 1980 revisions to the Copyright Act of 1976, _____.

A) copyright holders can perform a copyrighted work by means of digital audio transmission
B) copyright protection extends to original works of authorship in architectural fields
C) both people and organizations can be held liable for unauthorized duplication and use of copyrighted programs
D) the owner of a copyrighted program is allowed to make multiple copies or adaptations for use on other computers