Deck 2: Portraying Earth

Question 1

The characteristic of projections which portray accurate sizes but distort the shapes of land masses is called ________.

A) conformality
B) sinusoidal
C) equivalence
D) azimuthality
E) polyconic

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which mapmaking method would be used to minimize distortion of continents on a world map?

A) a perfectly equivalent projection
B) a large scale
C) a conic projection
D) an interrupted projection
E) a Mercator projection

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Aside from normal photographic film, ________ film has proven very valuable for interpretation of Earth resources from airborne cameras.

A) color infrared
B) ultraviolet
C) thermal infrared
D) x-ray
E) gamma ray

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The relationship between the map distance and the corresponding distance on the ground is known as the ________.

A) vector
B) azimuth
C) map quotient
D) loxodrome
E) scale

Question 5

Most of the maps in the text are drawn on ________ projections for an optimal portrayal of worldwide distributions.

A) equivalent
B) conformal
C) conic
D) azimuthal
E) gnomonic

Question 6

The most famous and, undoubtedly, most widely used of all the map projections is the ________ projection.

A) gnomonic
B) Mercator
C) polyconic
D) sinusoidal
E) Mollweide

Question 7

The scale of one inch equals one mile is ________ in a representative fraction.

A) 1:10,000
B) 1:63,360
C) 1:100,000
D) 1:1,000,000
E) 1:250,000

Question 8

Which of the following is considered a "perfect" map projection in terms of the amount of distortion associated with it?

A) Mercator
B) conic
C) cylindrical
D) equivalent
E) none of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is essential for GPS to function?

A) highly accurate clocks
B) a nearby base station on Earth's surface
C) a small radar unit
D) a GIS unit in a receiver
E) locations on land instead of ocean

Question 10

The largest scale among the following representative fractions is ________.

A) 1:100,000
B) 1:1,000,000
C) 1:24,000
D) 1:10,000
E) 1:50,000

Question 11

All map projections have this in common.

A) small scale
B) some distortion
C) equivalence
D) conformality
E) perfect portrayal of the globe

Question 12

Of the following, which is NOT considered a map essential?

A) title
B) date
C) color
D) legend
E) scale

Question 13

Which of the below, because of the wavelengths it uses, tends to have the low spatial resolution of Earth surface features?

A) color infrared photography
B) Landsat
C) microwave remote sensing
D) thermal infrared imagery
E) black and white aerial photography

Question 14

A major disadvantage of oblique aerial photographs as compared to vertical air photographs is that ________.

A) the view is not familiar
B) they are more expensive
C) accurate measurement is more difficult
D) they are usually classified by the government
E) shadows make identification of Earth features impossible

Question 15

One difference between any two different map projections must always be

A) scale.
B) how the geographic grid is arranged.
C) the number of degrees from the Equator to the North Pole.
D) how accurately shapes are portrayed.
E) how accurately relative sizes are portrayed.

Question 16

Central meridians are essential features on a ________ projection.

A) perfectly conformal
B) large scale
C) small scale
D) interrupted
E) Mercator

Question 17

The first aerial photographs were taken ________.

A) in the middle 1800s
B) during World War II
C) during the Vietnam War
D) during the Korean War
E) in the middle 1600s

Question 18

________ is the science of obtaining reliable measurements from photographs.

A) Sonar
B) Orthophotomapping
C) Remote sensing
D) Photogrammetry
E) Satellite imaging

Question 19

_______ is the type of remote sensing imagery best suited to use at night.

A) Visible
B) An orthophoto map
C) Color infrared
D) Polaroid
E) Thermal infrared

Question 20

The "false color" imagery of some aerial photographs is also termed ________.

A) Landsat
B) microwave
C) color IR
D) sonar
E) radar

Question 21

By far, the greatest use of thermal IR scanning systems has been

A) to penetrate clouds.
B) onboard meteorological satellites.
C) in surface weather thermometer shelters.
D) in making orthophoto quadrangles.
E) to sense underwater features.

Question 22

Map projections are mainly derived ________.

A) mathematically
B) from interpolation
C) from aerial reconnaissance
D) by analogy
E) by osmosis

Question 23

Isolines have all the properties EXCEPT the following:

A) They are always closed loops (the loops sometimes) closing off the map.
B) They may cross each other.
C) The numerical difference between isolines are intervals.
D) Close isolines indicate a steep gradient.
E) They were first used on a map about 300 years ago.

Question 24

In ________ film photography, the photographic film is sensitive to wavelengths longer than visible light.

A) color infrared
B) passive microwave
C) true color
D) panchromatic
E) Landsat

Question 25

The first airborne platform for aerial photography was a ________.

A) balloon
B) airplane
C) kite
D) satellite
E) lighthouse

Question 26

A(n) ________ is the generic term for any map line which joins points of equal value.

A) projection
B) meridian
C) rhumb line
D) isoline
E) legend

Question 27

The smallest scale of the following is

A) 1:100,000.
B) 1:200,000.
C) 1:500,000.
D) 1:750,000.
E) 1:900,000.

Question 28

Conformal maps greatly distort ________ of continents in higher latitudes.

A) shapes
B) sizes
C) the number
D) the latitude
E) the longitude

Question 29

A loxodrome is another term for ________.

A) rhumb line
B) x-ray
C) gnomon
D) thermal scanner
E) none of the above

Question 30

Microwave imagery is ideally suited for sensing ________.

A) emitted heat
B) reflected light
C) moisture
D) military targets
E) fluctuations in Earth's orbit

Question 31

A(n) ________ scale remains correct even if the map is enlarged or reduced when reproduced.

A) isogonic
B) large
C) graphic
D) representative fraction
E) color

Question 32

The main purpose of the interruption of projections is ________.

A) to improve portrayal of the oceans
B) to provide a stereoscopic view
C) to make maps compatible with air photos
D) to highlight continents with minimum distortion
E) to save ink during printing

Question 33

The type of remote sensing which penetrates clouds at night for accurate terrain representation is ________.

A) radar
B) sonar
C) passive microwave
D) thermal infrared
E) Landsat

Question 34

The scale of 1:63,360 is the same as one inch equals ________.

A) one foot
B) one mile
C) one furlong
D) one meter
E) one yard

Question 35

On large scale maps, equivalence and conformity can be

A) simultaneously present.
B) simultaneously approximated for small areas.
C) disregarded if the map is of high latitudes.
D) considered to be the same map property.
E) any of the above

Question 36

On small scale maps, it is difficult to achieve ________.

A) a circle of tangency
B) proper scale
C) equivalence
D) pole-centered perspective
E) conformality

Question 37

The property of equivalence portrays accurate size although it ________.

A) bends parallels
B) renders the poles as lines
C) stretches the circle of tangency
D) distorts shapes
E) all of the above

Question 38

________ is the science of taking reliable measurements from aerial photographs.

A) Cartography
B) Photogrammetry
C) Map projection
D) Multispectral scanning
E) Symap

Question 39

A line connecting points with equal precipitation is known as an ________.

A) isoneph
B) isobar
C) isotherm
D) isogonic line
E) isohyet

Question 40

On which type of aerial imagery would a football field of artificial grass be discernible from natural grass?

A) color photography
B) black and white photography
C) color infrared photography
D) radar imagery
E) microwave imagery

Question 41

Which of the following bands are NOT used by the Earth-sensing satellites mentioned in the text?

A) x-rays
B) microwaves
C) ultraviolet
D) thermal infrared
E) visible red

Question 42

Which of the following is a form of remote sensing?

A) aerial photography
B) color infrared photography
C) radar
D) thermal infrared imaging
E) all of the above

Question 43

Satellite data are analyzed in individual pieces representing several to many meters on the Earth's surface. These pieces are known as

A) pixels.
B) RBV's.
C) false color images.
D) scan lines.
E) computer maps.

Question 44

In the Mercator projection, which piece of the Earth is portrayed ridiculously large in comparison to its actual size?

A) low-latitude locations
B) Greenland
C) Brazil
D) the continental U.S.
E) the continent of Africa

Question 45

On color infrared photography, living green vegetation would appear

A) blue.
B) orange.
C) red.
D) green.
E) violet.

Question 46

Unlike aerial photography, Landsat imagery is interpreted through ________.

A) remote sensing
B) numerical manipulation of various wavelengths
C) stereoscopic observations
D) film
E) all of the above

Question 47

The most important Earth resources satellite series was started in the 1970s and is known as

A) Landsat
B) Sputnik
C) TIROS
D) Seasat
E) GOES

Question 48

Radar is an "active" remote sensing system and ________ is a "passive" system using the same wavelengths.

A) the use of a thermometer
B) ultraviolet sensing
C) microwave sensing
D) photography
E) thermal infrared sensing

Question 49

A disadvantage of globes compared to maps is that globes are not

A) conformal.
B) accurate.
C) suitable for use in class.
D) equivalent.
E) as portable.

Question 50

Together, title, date, and legend on a map are known as

A) marginal information.
B) necessary information.
C) cartographic license.
D) map essentials.
E) optional pieces.

Question 51

The original purpose of the Mercator projection was

A) to produce an accurate, equal area map.
B) for the guidance of intercontinental missiles.
C) for ocean navigation.
D) to make the first map of the world.
E) to befuddle introductory physical geography students.

Question 52

Which remote sensing systems sense the longest wavelengths?

A) Landsat
B) color photography
C) thermal infrared imaging
D) microwave imaging
E) black and white photography

Question 53

The scale of "an inch on the map represents two miles on the surface of the Earth" would be CLOSEST to which representative fraction?

A) 1:120,000
B) 1:200,000
C) 1:1,000,000
D) 1:60,000
E) 1:12

Question 54

Which of the following refers to an "active" remote sensing system?

A) radar
B) color infrared photography
C) microwave
D) thermal infrared imagery
E) black and white photography

Question 55

The first cartographer to use isolines on a published map was ________.

A) Robinson
B) Halley
C) Mercator
D) Lambert
E) Aristotle

Question 56

If one wished to produce a map which focused on the continents and showed little of the world's oceans, then she/he should use a(n) ________ projection.

A) large scale
B) equal area
C) interrupted
D) conical
E) azimuthal

Question 57

A Mercator map is constructed by projecting the grid of the globe onto a(n) ________.

A) flat surface
B) cone
C) cylinder
D) interrupted surface
E) circle

Question 58

A loxodrome is

A) a line of constant compass bearing.
B) a curved line on a Mercator projection.
C) the opposite of a rhumb line.
D) a tracing of the exact great circle route.
E) part of a sundial.

Question 59

MODIS is associated with which satellite series?

A) Landsat
B) GOES
C) Space Shuttle
D) NIMBUS
E) EOS

Question 60

Three dimensional effects are best obtained with ________.

A) vertical aerial photographs
B) color infrared photography
C) thermal scanners
D) ultraviolet photographs
E) none of the above

Question 61

Misuse of the Mercator projection is a result of

A) inaccurate projection of latitude and longitude.
B) the Cold War.
C) the fact that it is so old.
D) the curved loxodromes.
E) latitudinal differences in scale.

Question 62

"Scale" relates ________ to ________ .

A) Earth distance, Earth distance
B) map distance, map distance
C) map distance, Earth distance
D) Earth distance, map distortion
E) map distortion, map distance

Question 63

Which of the following should contain a brief summary of the map's content or purpose?

A) the title
B) the legend
C) the scale
D) the area within the map boundaries
E) the data source

Question 64

Radar senses energy in wavelengths longer than 1 ________.

A) angstrom
B) micrometer
C) millimeter
D) meter
E) kilometer

Question 65

A GIS is a library of information based on

A) satellites.
B) stereoscopic image viewing.
C) many land survey records stored on microfilm.
D) manual cartography.
E) maps.

Question 66

How much area is shown in an entire Landsat image?

A) a few square centimeters
B) a few square meters
C) a few square kilometers
D) a few thousand square kilometers
E) approximately half of the Earth

Question 67

In terms of remote sensing, geographers

A) should not stop using maps and field study.
B) have shown very little interest.
C) will someday identify one remote sensing type best for all purposes.
D) have never used remote sensing.
E) should never use remote sensing.

Question 68

Which of the below wavelengths have been most useful in expanding measure biomass?

A) ultraviolet
B) x-rays
C) near infrared
D) radio wavelengths
E) gamma wavelengths

Question 69

On an orthophoto map, one might expect to find

A) distortion-free photographs.
B) many problems with map distortion.
C) sketches rather than true projections.
D) cultural but not physical features.
E) symbols that are difficult to read.

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT associated with Landsat images?

A) thematic mapper
B) multispectral scanning system
C) several satellites over many years
D) the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum
E) millions of pieces of data (pixels) per image

Question 71

A mountain appears in overlapping vertical aerial photographs. Which of the following measurements could be made by use of the photographs?

A) exact altitudes
B) area
C) steepness of its slopes
D) contour lines
E) all of the above

Question 72

The ________ projection is probably the most famous and well-used projection for world maps.

A) global
B) large scale
C) small scale
D) Mercator
E) U.S.G.S. topographic quadrangle

Question 73

The ERTS series of satellites, launched in the 1970s, is now known as

A) GOES.
B) TIROS.
C) EOS.
D) AVHRR.
E) Landsat.

Question 74

The basic imaging instrument in the Landsat series of satellites is known as the

A) camera.
B) radar screen.
C) pixel.
D) thematic mapper.
E) Skylab data.

Question 75

Which of the following is most closely identified with "multispectral remote sensing"?

A) radar imaging
B) color infrared photography
C) Landsat
D) microwave imaging
E) thermal infrared scanning

Question 76

Every map projection consists of an orderly arrangement of

A) scale.
B) the geographic grid.
C) legend.
D) title.
E) interruptions.

Question 77

Which of the following is the most recent type of Earth resource satellites?

A) Landsat
B) GOES
C) NEXRAD
D) EOS
E) GPS

Question 78

Aerial photography of the Earth's surface taken from an angle other than straight down is termed ________.

A) useless
B) oblique
C) vertical
D) photogrammetric
E) isogonic

Question 79

Which of the following is an advantage of radar over all other remote sensing techniques?

A) It can operate at high altitude.
B) It can operate at night.
C) It can operate in clear weather.
D) It can operate at wavelengths shorter than 1 micrometer.
E) It can operate without using an electrical source.

Question 80

The explanations of symbols used on a map should be contained in

A) the title.
B) the scale.
C) the legend.
D) the space under the north arrow.
E) the data source.