Deck 5: Diseases and Disorders of the Eye and Ear

Question 1

Macular degeneration is

A) caused by progressive deterioration in the macula of the retina.
B) usually related to aging.
C) both of the above.
D) none of the above.

Answer 1

C
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness among white persons in the United States. Macular degeneration is often considered to be age related. The result is loss of central vision. No cure is known, and the success of treatment has been limited.

Question 2

Inflammatory infections of the hair follicles of the eyelid called hordeolum (styes) are caused by

A) staphylococcal bacteria.
B) entropion.
C) keratitis.
D) none of the above.

Answer 2

A
Often styes are the result of a staphylococcal infection and can be associated with and secondary to blepharitis, which is inflammation of the margins of the eyelids involving hair follicles and glands.

Question 3

A defect in the _____ results in difficulty in visual detection of color and fine detail.

A) lens
B) cones
C) rods
D) cones and rods

Answer 3

B
The retina is a light-sensitive layer made up of photoreceptive cells called rods and cones. The rods function best in dim light, thereby enabling night vision, whereas the cones function in bright light and also detect color and fine detail. Within the rods and cones, the image initiates a chemical reaction and sends messages through the nerve fiber layer of the retina to the optic nerve.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about chronic open-angle glaucoma?

A) It is caused by a decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP).
B) It produces symptoms at the onset.
C) It rarely progresses.
D) It is the most treatable cause of blindness.

Question 5

Treatment of refractive errors of the eye might include

A) laser surgery.
B) contact lenses.
C) eyeglasses.
D) all of the above.

Question 6

A chronic disease of the inner ear marked by a recurring syndrome of vertigo, tinnitus, progressive hearing loss, and a sensation of pressure in the ear is called

A) cholesteatoma.
B) otosclerosis.
C) Ménière's disease.
D) mastoiditis.

Question 7

The sensor receptive cells in the retina that function best in dim light and enable night vision are the

A) iris.
B) pupil.
C) rods.
D) cones.

Question 8

Hyperopia, myopia, and presbyopia are refractive errors that result when the

A) pressure within the anterior chamber of the eye is elevated.
B) eye is unable to focus light effectively.
C) tympanic membrane ruptures.
D) lens of the eye becomes cloudy.

Question 9

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true about nystagmus?

A) It is usually treated with warm compresses.
B) It is also known as strabismus.
C) It necessitates a complete neurologic evaluation when acquired.
D) All of the statements above are true.

Question 10

Conjunctivitis can be caused by

A) a deterioration of the lens.
B) infection, irritation, allergies, or chemicals.
C) hemorrhage behind the retina.
D) a drooping of the upper eyelid.

Question 11

The wet form of macular degeneration is described as

A) a less serious form of AMD.
B) a serious form that can result in damage to the retina, resulting in loss of central vision.
C) a curable disease.
D) none of the above.

Question 12

Which statement(s) is/are true regarding adult-onset macular degeneration (AMD)?

A) Early evidence of AMD, such as tiny drusen, can be seen during a routine eye examination by an ophthalmologist.
B) Patients with AMD may report seeing wavy lines when looking at lines that are straight.
C) With progression of AMD, reading and activities requiring sharp vision become impossible.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 13

A major cause of blindness in the United States is

A) eye trauma.
B) retinal detachment.
C) strabismus.
D) glaucoma.

Question 14

An inflammation of the thin, transparent membrane covering the visible portion of the sclera and lining the inside of the eyelids results in

A) conjunctivitis.
B) choroiditis.
C) corneal abrasion.
D) lens distortion.

Question 15

Placement of sharp objects into the ear canal, an explosion, a severe middle ear infection, or a blow to the ear could result in

A) otosclerosis.
B) cholesteatoma.
C) mastoiditis.
D) a ruptured tympanic membrane.

Question 16

Vision impairment as a result of old age and the loss of elasticity in the lens is called

A) astigmatism.
B) emmetropia.
C) presbyopia.
D) diplopia.

Question 17

A cloudy or opaque area in the normally clear lens of the eye is called

A) a stye.
B) a detachment.
C) a cataract.
D) none of the above.

Question 18

Early symptoms of retinal detachment consist of

A) new floaters and light flashes.
B) purulent drainage.
C) redness of the eye and a gritty feeling.
D) ringing in the ears.

Question 19

Ototoxicity caused by drugs or chemicals affects the _____ cranial nerve.

A) fifth
B) sixth
C) seventh
D) eighth

Question 20

The cause of sensorineural deafness, also referred to as occupational hearing loss, includes

A) loud noise.
B) the aging process.
C) the side effects of certain medication.
D) all of the above.

Question 21

The only treatment that cures otosclerosis is a surgical procedure called stapedectomy.

Question 22

Treatment of BPPV includes

A) antibiotics.
B) sulfonamides.
C) antihistamines, anticholinergics, and benzodiazepines.
D) bedrest for several days.

Question 23

Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the

A) stapes.
B) conjunctiva.
C) semicircular canal.
D) tympanic membrane.

Question 24

Ankylosing of the stapes is called

A) Ménière's disease.
B) otomycosis.
C) otosclerosis.
D) exotropia.

Question 25

Sensorineural hearing loss that is caused by damage to the cochlea is irreversible; therefore, prevention is essential.

Question 26

Diagnostic findings for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) may include

A) the sensation of the room spinning and lack of coordination.
B) nystagmus.
C) decreased hearing.
D) all of the above.

Question 27

Infection or inflammation in the semicircular canals is called

A) cholesteatoma.
B) labyrinthitis.
C) otomycosis.
D) presbycusis.

Question 28

The insertion of a myringotomy (tympanostomy) tube as a treatment for otitis media is called

A) electronystagmography.
B) myringotomy.
C) cryotherapy.
D) stapedectomy.

Question 29

Blepharoptosis can be ectropion or entropion.

Question 30

Blepharitis is defined as

A) inflammation of the margins of the eyelids involving hair follicles and glands.
B) inflammation or infection of the cornea.
C) drooping of the upper eyelid.
D) none of the above.

Question 31

Treatment of swimmer's ear includes

A) thoroughly cleaning and drying the ear after swimming.
B) antihistamines.
C) antifungal cream.
D) myringotomy.

Question 32

Infants and young children should be evaluated for leukokoria (white pupil) and strabismus at well child exams and referred urgently to an ophthalmologist if noted.

Question 33

The internal lens of the eye is elastic and, therefore, can focus images both near and far.

Question 34

The middle ear is normally air-filled.

Question 35

Serous otitis media may be either acute or chronic.

Question 36

Symptoms of neoplasms of the ear commonly include

A) progressive hearing loss and discharge from the ear.
B) a visible mass or lesion.
C) facial paralysis.
D) all of the above.

Question 37

Symptoms of corneal abrasion or ulcer include pain, redness, tearing, and sometimes visual impairment.

Question 38

Causes of ruptured tympanic membrane are

A) infection.
B) blow to the ear.
C) nearby explosion.
D) all of the above.

Question 39

Drug therapy used in the treatment of mastoiditis includes

A) antibiotic or sulfonamide therapy.
B) hydrogen peroxide.
C) latanoprost [Xalatan].
D) prednisone.

Question 40

Chronic open-end glaucoma results from a malfunction of the drainage system, which causes IOP to be raised.

Question 41

Benign tumors of the ears include acoustic neuromas.

Question 42

Lightning strikes may cause a ruptured tympanic membrane.

Question 43

Audiograms are used to diagnose otosclerosis.

Question 44

Certain medications can cause ototoxicity.

Question 45

The ear's only function is hearing.

Question 46

The labyrinth is responsible for maintaining balance.

Question 47

The major risk with having a ruptured eardrum is infection in the inner ear.

Question 48

Sensorineural hearing loss has noticeable onset.

Question 49

Cochlear implants restore normal hearing.

Question 50

A cholesteatoma and mastoiditis can both be the result of a neglected otitis media.

Question 51

Diabetic retinopathy occurs most often in those with diabetes who do not control their blood glucose levels.

Question 52

The most common tumor of the eye is cancer that has metastasized to the eye.