Deck 11: Diseases and Conditions of the Urinary System

Question 1

The cause of neurogenic bladder, a bladder-control dysfunction, is

A) damage to the brain, spinal cord, or nerves supplying the lower urinary tract.
B) hydronephrosis.
C) renal calculi.
D) ARF.

Answer 1

A
An insult to the brain, spinal cord, or the nerves supplying the lower urinary tract, whether by trauma or disease process, may result in the inability to empty the bladder of urine or to maintain continence. Damage may be caused by cerebrovascular accident, spinal cord trauma, tumors, neuropathies, herniated lumbar disks, poliomyelitis, spinal cord lesions, or myelomeningocele.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about RCC?

A) The prognosis is good in all cases.
B) The cause is known to be viral.
C) Risk factors may include smoking, obesity, and prolonged exposure to chemicals such as asbestosis and cadmium.
D) The most common primary tumor of the kidney occurs in the renal pelvis.

Answer 2

C
Risk factors for sporadic RCC are smoking, obesity, hypertension, dialysis patients with acquired cystic kidney disease, and prolonged exposure to chemicals such as asbestos and cadmium. RCC is more common in men, and incidence varies geographically, with the highest rates found in the Czech Republic and North America.

Question 3

The disease that encompasses a group of symptoms referred to as the protein-losing kidney is

A) hydronephrosis.
B) acute glomerulonephritis.
C) nephrotic syndrome.
D) diabetic nephropathy.

Answer 3

C
Nephrotic syndrome, a disease of the basement membrane of the glomerulus, is secondary to a number of renal diseases and a variety of systemic disorders. Nephrotic syndrome encompasses a group of symptoms sometimes referred to as the protein-losing kidney.

Question 4

Proper function of the urinary system is frequently evaluated by

A) physical examination alone.
B) the patient's history alone.
C) urinalysis (UA) and blood tests.
D) how much liquid the patient is drinking daily.

Question 5

Lithotripsy is a procedure used to examine the urinary tract.

Question 6

The cause(s) of cystitis and urethritis is/are

A) an ascending bacterial invasion of the urinary tract.
B) sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
C) inflammation as a result of chemotherapy or radiation.
D) all of the above.

Question 7

ARF is a clinical emergency.

Question 8

Catheterization may be indicated before or after surgery (or both before and after), to relieve urinary retention, to obtain a sterile specimen, to irrigate the bladder, or to treat urinary incontinence.

Question 9

The condition of the kidney caused by pressure from urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract is called

A) enuresis.
B) diabetic nephropathy.
C) hematuria.
D) hydronephrosis.

Question 10

Some nephrotoxic agents known to cause renal damage include

A) solvents and heavy metals.
B) antibiotics and pesticides.
C) mushrooms.
D) all of the above.

Question 11

Weakening of pelvic floor muscles and the urethral structure as a result of trauma, childbirth, hormonal changes of aging, obesity, or certain medications may precipitate

A) renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
B) bladder tumors.
C) polycystic kidney disease.
D) stress incontinence (enuresis).

Question 12

The urinary system is responsible for

A) cleansing the blood of waste products.
B) regulating the normal balance of water and electrolytes.
C) storing and excreting urine.
D) all of the above.

Question 13

Pyelonephritis is the most common type of kidney disease.

Question 14

The treatment of renal calculi might include

A) relief of pain, lithotripsy, surgical intervention, increased fluid intake, and diuretics.
B) dialysis, kidney transplant, and antibiotic therapy.
C) both of the above.
D) neither of the above.

Question 15

Acute glomerulonephritis usually follows

A) infection by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.
B) kidney trauma.
C) excessive calcium in the blood.
D) all of the above.

Question 16

The symptoms and signs of acute glomerulonephritis may include

A) edema, hematuria, protein in the urine, and decreased urinary output.
B) an abnormal UA.
C) hypertension, headaches, and low-grade fever.
D) all of the above.

Question 17

Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is a slowly progressive, noninfectious disease that can lead to renal failure.

Question 18

Polycystic kidney disease

A) is a reversible condition.
B) greatly enlarges the kidneys and leads to kidney failure.
C) is not inherited and is an acute condition.
D) is not usually seen on x-ray.

Question 19

Glomerulosclerosis describes renal changes that are due to a systemic endocrine disease and that are typical of

A) urethritis.
B) cystitis.
C) diabetic neuropathy.
D) polycystic kidney disease.

Question 20

Dialysis filters out unwanted elements from the blood, usually removed by healthy kidneys; thus

A) dialysis is considered a cure for kidney failure.
B) the body's proper fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance is maintained.
C) dialysis is never used until the symptoms of ultimately fatal uremia develop.
D) all of the above.

Question 21

The patient who has CRF is evaluated for dialysis or kidney transplantation to prolong life.

Question 22

Urinary urgency, frequency, and possible incontinence are symptoms of chronic renal failure (CRF).

Question 23

Hydronephrosis is caused by decreased blood flow to the kidney.

Question 24

The most common symptom of a bladder tumor is gross, intermittent, painless hematuria.

Question 25

Polycystic disease is inherited.

Question 26

Symptoms of renal calculi are the same regardless of the size of the stone.