Deck 12: Diseases and Conditions of the Reproductive System

Question 1

The diagnosis of PID may include

A) a Gram stain and sensitivity studies.
B) a laparoscopy.
C) ultrasonography.
D) all of the above.

Answer 1

D
Fever, elevated white blood cell count, and pelvic examination are usually all that are needed to make the diagnosis and begin treatment. Sometimes the symptoms or signs are not clear; in that case cervical cultures, ultrasound, and laparoscopy can be helpful to confirm the diagnosis.

Question 2

HPV is commonly associated with

A) genital herpes.
B) use of condoms.
C) one of many types of HPV viruses identified by scientists.
D) trichomoniasis.

Answer 2

C
There are many types of HPV, some of which are known to cause cancers of the cervix, anus, vagina, vulva, and penis. HPV infection is most often associated with cervical cancer.

Question 3

The symptoms and signs of toxemia in pregnancy, preeclampsia, and eclampsia include

A) hypertension, edema, protein in the urine, and convulsions.
B) hypotension and other indications of shock.
C) symptoms that mimic pregnancy.
D) none of the above.

Answer 3

A
Preeclampsia can be preceded by increased weight gain. Elevation of blood pressure to a level >140/90 is a sign. When there is >300 mg of protein in the urine over a 24-hour period, then the conditions for the diagnosis of preeclampsia are present. If the patient has a seizure, it is usually of the grand mal variety, and they can have the usual postictal manifestation of confusion and disorientation. These patients are also at increased risk for stroke, and thus any symptom of a central neurologic nature may need to be evaluated for the presence of stroke.

Question 4

The most commonly notifiable sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States is

A) genital herpes.
B) trichomoniasis.
C) syphilis.
D) chlamydia.

Question 5

Endometrial cancer is

A) primarily a disease of postmenopausal women.
B) is often due to high cumulative exposure to estrogen.
C) may be detected on a routine Pap smear.
D) all of the above.

Question 6

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes

A) acute onset of fever, malaise, and pain.
B) swelling and tenderness of one or both testes.
C) a weak stream of urine with inability to empty the bladder.
D) all of the above.

Question 7

The pathologic outcomes of endometriosis includes

A) functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity.
B) fluid-filled sacs that form on or near ovaries.
C) changes that result from menopause.
D) all of the above.

Question 8

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for postmenopausal women

A) has no contraindications.
B) is highly individualized.
C) is risk-free.
D) none of the above.

Question 9

Risk factors that place women at a higher risk for cancer of the breast include

A) family history.
B) increased age.
C) hormonal, reproductive, and genetic factors.
D) all of the above.

Question 10

Failure to seek treatment for a gonorrhea infection can result in complications, including

A) pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
B) septicemia.
C) septic arthritis.
D) all of the above.

Question 11

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of PID helps prevent complications, including

A) pelvic adhesions.
B) increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
C) peritonitis and septicemia.
D) all of the above.

Question 12

The first sign of testicular cancer is

A) a painful lump discovered in the testicle.
B) a painless lump discovered in the testicle.
C) urinary incontinence.
D) sexual dysfunction.

Question 13

Diagnostic evaluation for prostatic cancer includes

A) a rectal examination.
B) blood testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
C) a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
D) all of the above.

Question 14

The treatment of genital herpes is directed at

A) curing the disease.
B) preventing transmission at all times.
C) reducing the duration and frequency of outbreaks.
D) all of the above.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true about syphilis?

A) The cause and mode of transmission is unclear.
B) No known cure for the disease exists.
C) When the primary lesion heals, the disease is cured.
D) Syphilis can be cured with a course of antibiotic therapy.

Question 16

The cause(s) of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is/are thought to be

A) unprotected sexual intercourse.
B) estrogen replacement therapy.
C) increase in staphylococcal colonization on superabsorbent tampons.
D) all of the above.

Question 17

A highly contagious virus that is the cause of genital warts and that is usually sexually transmitted is

A) genital herpes.
B) human papillomavirus virus (HPV).
C) chancroid.
D) gonorrhea.

Question 18

Invasive cervical cancer

A) has no identifiable risk factors.
B) is often considered a preventable disease.
C) is most commonly diagnosed before the age of 35.
D) is none of the above.

Question 19

_____ accounts for more deaths than any other gynecologic malignancy.

A) Breast cancer
B) Uterine cancer
C) PID
D) Ovarian cancer

Question 20

In pregnancy, when the placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment and encroaches on the internal cervical os causing vaginal bleeding, the condition is called

A) ectopic pregnancy.
B) hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).
C) abruptio placentae.
D) placenta previa.

Question 21

The best prevention of epididymitis is the early treatment of urinary tract infections.

Question 22

Which statement(s) is/are correct regarding multiple pregnancies?

A) They are occurring more often.
B) Problems associated with multiple pregnancies are many.
C) The fetuses usually must be delivered by cesarean section.
D) All of the above are correct

Question 23

HG is usually self-limiting and transient.

Question 24

The incidence of STDs is increasing among

A) senior citizens.
B) men having sex with men (MSM).
C) women.
D) both b and c.

Question 25

The absence of menstrual periods, whether temporary or permanent, is called dysmenorrhea.

Question 26

Both the male and female reproductive systems are vulnerable to many diseases, including STDs, malignancies, benign growths, and chemical imbalances.

Question 27

The most common male sexual disorder is

A) torsion of the testicle.
B) erectile dysfunction (ED) impotence.
C) infertility.
D) orchitis.

Question 28

Which statement is not true about diseases of the breast?

A) Changes in the breast tissue such as lumps or nipple crusting are not concern for investigation.
B) Men do experience diseases of the breast.
C) Diseases of the breast range from mild to fatal.
D) The vast majority of breast diseases are diagnosed through abnormal mammogram findings.

Question 29

Which of the following conditions of pregnancy is/are considered a medical emergency?

A) Symptoms of abruptio placentae
B) Onset of seizures
C) Onset of pain and vaginal bleeding
D) All of the above

Question 30

Causes usually associated with spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) include

A) abnormal chromosomes, infection, and metabolic disturbances.
B) travel and exercise.
C) drugs and prescribed medications.
D) intercourse.

Question 31

Alcohol, recreational drugs, antihistamines, diuretics, and drugs used to treat hypertension can cause impotence.

Question 32

One of the major risk factors for ectopic pregnancy is

A) contraception.
B) poor diet.
C) history of PID.
D) exercise.

Question 33

In postmenopausal women, what symptom should prompt evaluation for malignancy?

A) Cystocele
B) Lack of uterine bleeding
C) Any uterine bleeding
D) None of the above

Question 34

Peritonitis is

A) a condition that requires prompt and aggressive medical intervention.
B) also referred to as cholecystitis.
C) caused by short bowel syndrome.
D) none of the above.

Question 35

Although the cause is not always clearly understood, the best prevention of premature labor is good prenatal care.

Question 36

There are various possible causes of male or female infertility, including the presence of an STD.

Question 37

Which statement(s) is/are true about prostate cancer?

A) It rarely occurs before age 40.
B) It occurs much more commonly in black men.
C) Annual screening usually begins at age 50.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 38

The modes of transmission of hepatitis B include

A) contact with blood, semen, vaginal secretions.
B) sharing contaminated needles, accidental inoculation.
C) from an infected mother to her infant during birth.
D) all of the above.

Question 39

How does varicocele contribute to male infertility?

A) It causes blockage of the urinary tract.
B) It causes enlargement of the prostate gland, which blocks the sperm.
C) It is a consequence of the mumps virus.
D) The increased presence of venous blood raises the temperature within the scrotum; varicocele may contribute to a lower sperm count.

Question 40

The patient with hydatidiform mole experiences symptoms that mimic pregnancy.

Question 41

The anterior pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.

Question 42

Fibroadenoma is a nontender malignant tumor of the breast.

Question 43

There are prenatal diagnostic tests that can identify fetal genetic or chromosomal abnormalities and detect complications.

Question 44

Many physical or medical conditions can play a significant role in ED.

Question 45

Prolapse of the uterus is a downward displacement of the uterus from the normal location in the pelvis.

Question 46

Match the following descriptions with the appropriate terms.
a. Pain that occurs at ovulation
b. Bacterial ulceration of the genitalia
c. Displacement of the urinary bladder into the vagina
d. Protrusion of the rectum into the vagina
e. A more severe stage of morning sickness of pregnancy
1. Rectocele
2. Cystocele
3. Chancroid
4. Mittelschmerz
5. Hyperemesis gravidarum

Question 47

Torsion of the testicle is a condition in which one testicle is twisted out of its normal position; emergency treatment is required.

Question 48

The surest way to avoid transmission of STDs is the use of male latex condoms.