Deck 14: Mental Disorders

Question 1

A major factor that creates and maintains stuttering is

A) anxiety.
B) hypoxia.
C) vitamin deficiency.
D) heredity.

Answer 1

A
Although the etiology is uncertain, genetic factors may be involved. Stuttering appears to have a familial tendency, with the condition occurring more often in males. Parents may also unwittingly cause anxiety in their child by overreacting to mild speech limitation. Anxiety appears to be a major factor that creates and maintains stuttering.

Question 2

The phases of the grief process are

A) denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
B) not identifiable.
C) depression, bargaining, anger, and denial.
D) anger, denial, rejection, and acceptance.

Answer 2

A
The normal grieving process passes through several phases. The most recognized stages are those identified by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. The first is denial: "No, I don't believe it." Second is anger: "Why did he or she do this to me?" or "Why is God letting this happen?" The third stage is bargaining: "If only this task can be accomplished or I can achieve this goal (live long enough), I will do this." Fourth is depression, in which people retreat within themselves and have little or no involvement with their environment. Finally, in the fifth stage, acceptance comes. Not everyone is able to move through these steps, and not everyone moves through them at the same pace or in the same order. Some people cannot express anger at the dead person or at God and do not move on. Many of these people never complete the grieving process, so they remain in a depressed state and have reduced coping mechanisms. Medical intervention may help during depression, but most people recover with minimal treatment.

Question 3

Excessive use of alcohol is frequently associated with

A) anxiety.
B) impotence.
C) amnesia.
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

D
Alcohol acts on the central nervous system as a depressant. Individuals under the influence of alcohol may experience a decrease in activity, tension, and normal inhibitions. Ingestion of a few drinks of alcohol may change behavior, decrease ability to think clearly, slow motor skills, and impair judgment and concentration. Excessive use of alcohol often is associated with anxiety, depression, insomnia, impotence, and behavioral disorders both before and during intoxication. Amnesia often occurs after intoxication. Repeated heavy drinking of alcohol produces symptoms and signs in nearly every organ system (see Figure 14-11). Chronic alcoholism causes pathologic changes in the nervous system. Common physical findings include frequent infections, hypertension, and gastrointestinal (GI) problems. Some individuals experience confusion, abdominal pain, and nausea and vomiting. The patient may report unexplained seizure activity or symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Prolonged heavy use of alcohol may cause cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis, and peripheral neuropathy, resulting in muscle weakness and paresthesia. The risk of cancer of the esophagus, stomach, and other parts of the GI system is also increased. The consequences of chronic alcohol abuse include dysfunction within family and social relationships and disruption in occupational responsibilities. Some people are prone to aggressive or violent behavior, accidents, and threatened or attempted suicide. The patient often denies an inability to control or discontinue alcohol abuse.

Question 4

Anxiety disorders are treated with

A) drug therapy.
B) hypnosis.
C) stress elimination.
D) all of the above.

Question 5

_____ involves a progressive, general deterioration of the mental capacities of perceiving, thinking, and remembering.

A) Somatoform disorder
B) Mood disorder
C) Sleep disorder
D) Dementia

Question 6

A tic disorder that includes multiple motor tics coupled with vocal tics is

A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
B) Tourette's disorder.
C) autism.
D) a learning disorder.

Question 7

The somatoform disorder previously called hysteria is

A) hypochondriasis.
B) pain disorder.
C) conversion disorder.
D) Munchausen's syndrome.

Question 8

Criteria for the diagnosis of mental retardation include limitation in at least which two of the following?

A) Communication, health, safety, and self-care
B) Social or interpersonal skills, self-direction, and home living
C) Adaptive functioning
D) All of the above

Question 9

Prolonged, heavy use of alcohol may result in

A) pancreatitis.
B) cirrhosis.
C) peripheral neuropathy.
D) all of the above.

Question 10

A child who experiences extreme withdrawal and obsessive behavior along with lack of social interaction suffers from

A) attention-deficit disorder (ADD).
B) Tourette's disorder.
C) autism.
D) a learning disorder.

Question 11

Anxiety disorders include

A) panic disorders.
B) phobic disorders.
C) OCD.
D) all of the above.

Question 12

Identifiable causes of mental retardation include

A) genetic disorders, infection, trauma, or poisoning.
B) early alterations in embryonic development and general medical conditions.
C) prematurity or hypoxia.
D) all of the above.

Question 13

Personality disorders (PDOs) include

A) schizophrenia.
B) histrionic disorder.
C) paranoia.
D) all of the above.

Question 14

A progressive degenerative disease of the brain most common in individuals over the age of 60 with symptoms that include loss of short-term memory, inability to concentrate, and changes in social skills and personality is called

A) AD.
B) conversion disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) hypochondriasis.

Question 15

The psychosis that is characterized by distortions of perception, emotions, and thoughts and that often includes bizarre behavior is

A) bipolar disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
C) factitious disorder.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 16

Treatment of Tourette's disorder may include which of the following medications?

A) Haldol
B) Thorazine
C) Dexedrine and Ritalin
D) All of the above

Question 17

The individual experiencing sleep disturbances, fatigue, loss of concentration, appetite changes, despair, and hopelessness suffers from _____ disorder.

A) bipolar
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) major depressive
D) gender-identity

Question 18

The anxiety disorder that results from an external event of an overwhelming painful nature is called

A) pain disorder.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
C) hypochondriasis.
D) apnea.

Question 19

Treatment of vascular dementia may include

A) carotid endarterectomy and drug therapy.
B) vitamin B12 injections.
C) organ transplant.
D) radiation therapy.

Question 20

A major affective disorder with abnormally intense mood swings from manic state to depressive syndrome is

A) AD.
B) Tourette's disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) Munchausen's syndrome.

Question 21

Treatment of major depressive disorder includes

A) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
B) psychotherapy.
C) antidepressant drug therapy.
D) all of the above.

Question 22

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is the most common referral complaint.

Question 23

A disorder in which there is a delayed response to an external traumatic event is

A) acute stress response.
B) phobic disorder.
C) PTSD.
D) major depressive disorder.

Question 24

According to Stanford-Binet testing, individuals with an intelligence quotient (IQ) of 90-70 are considered to have

A) average intelligence.
B) below average intelligence.
C) mild retardation.
D) moderate retardation.

Question 25

A disorder that has a pattern of behavior that deviates from society's norms is _____ disorder.

A) a somatoform
B) posttraumatic stress
C) a phobic
D) a personality

Question 26

Chronic or inappropriate anxiety can become an illness like panic disorder, phobic disorder, or OCD.

Question 27

Pervasive development disorders (PDDs) include autistic disorder, Rett's syndrome, and Asperger's syndrome.

Question 28

A major affective disorder with abnormally intense mood swings is _____ disorder.

A) bipolar
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) major depressive
D) gender-identity

Question 29

Cluster B of PDOs includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal behaviors.

Question 30

A disorder in which a patient is preoccupied with fear of having a serious disease is

A) hypochondriasis.
B) pain disorder.
C) conversion disorder.
D) Munchausen's syndrome.

Question 31

A disorder with a serious alteration in mood described as deep and persistent sadness, despair, and hopelessness is

A) bipolar disorder.
B) alcohol abuse.
C) major depressive disorder.
D) gender-identity disorder.

Question 32

ADD and ADHD are different disorders.

Question 33

Learning disabilities are no indication of intelligence level.

Question 34

A group of sleep disorders that includes sleepwalking, night terrors, and nightmares is

A) insomnia.
B) parasomnias.
C) narcolepsy.
D) sleep apnea.

Question 35

A disorder in which the patient simulates symptoms of illness and presents for no apparent reason other than treatment is

A) hypochondriasis.
B) pain disorder.
C) conversion disorder.
D) Munchausen's syndrome.

Question 36

The individual with narcolepsy is treated with

A) drug therapy.
B) psychotherapy.
C) ECT.
D) phototherapy.

Question 37

Malingering is a PDO.

Question 38

Bipolar disorder is a major affective disorder.

Question 39

Major depression can lead to suicidal thoughts and actions that must be taken seriously for effective intervention.

Question 40

Somatoform disorders include a group of mental disorders in which physical symptoms have an organic cause.

Question 41

Dementia may be caused by traumatic insult to the brain.

Question 42

Amnesia often occurs after intoxication.

Question 43

There is a cure for AD.