Deck 35: Structural Support and Movement

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سؤال
In comparison to men, women make much less ____.

A) ​testosterone
B) growth hormone​
C) myostatin​
D) ​estrogen
E) progesterone​
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سؤال
Figure 35.5
<strong>Figure 35.5   What type of skeleton is found in an earthworm, as illustrated in the accompanying figure?​</strong> A) ​cartilaginous B) ​bone C) ​hydrostatic D) ​chitinous E) exoskeleton​ <div style=padding-top: 35px>
What type of skeleton is found in an earthworm, as illustrated in the accompanying figure?​

A) ​cartilaginous
B) ​bone
C) ​hydrostatic
D) ​chitinous
E) exoskeleton​
سؤال
Figure 35.5
<strong>Figure 35.5   Which of the following does NOT have an exoskeleton?​</strong> A) ​lobsters B) ​spiders C) ​insects D) ​earthworms E) ​centipedes <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Which of the following does NOT have an exoskeleton?​

A) ​lobsters
B) ​spiders
C) ​insects
D) ​earthworms
E) ​centipedes
سؤال
Bully whippets are abnormally heavily muscled because _____.

A) ​they have a over-abundance of testosterone
B) ​they have an over-abundance of growth hormone
C) ​they are heterozygous for the deletion in the myostatin gene
D) ​they are homozygous for the wild-type myostatin gene
E) they are homozygous for the deletion in the myostatin gene​
سؤال
<strong>  The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone. Dense connective tissue is indicated by the letter ____.</strong> A) ​A B) ​B C) ​C D) ​D E) ​E <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
Dense connective tissue is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E
سؤال
A _____ cushions the area between the knee cap and the femur.

A) ​suture
B) ​ligament
C) ​Bursa
D) ​Tendon
E) ​fascia
سؤال
<strong>  The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone. What is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skeletal system?​</strong> A) ​Graves' disease B) ​rheumatoid arthritis C) ​Hashimoto's disease D) ​osteoarthritis E) ​polio <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
What is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skeletal system?​

A) ​Graves' disease
B) ​rheumatoid arthritis
C) ​Hashimoto's disease
D) ​osteoarthritis
E) ​polio
سؤال
The knee is an example of a ____.

A) ​cartilaginous joint
B) ​ligament
C) ​meniscus
D) ​synovial joint
E) ​fibrous joint
سؤال
What is the name of the area where bones meet and interact?​

A) ​joint
B) ​ligament
C) ​osteoblast
D) ​bony matrix
E) ​connective tissue
سؤال
Muscle fibers contain _____ for making ATP.

A) ​myosin
B) ​indentations
C) ​myofibrils
D) ​sarcomeres
E) ​many mitochondria
سؤال
Figure 35.5
<strong>Figure 35.5   Which type of skeleton is found in a starfish?​</strong> A) ​cartilaginous B) ​exoskeleton C) ​hydrostatic D) ​chitinous E) ​endoskeletal <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Which type of skeleton is found in a starfish?​

A) ​cartilaginous
B) ​exoskeleton
C) ​hydrostatic
D) ​chitinous
E) ​endoskeletal
سؤال

<strong>​   The following question refers to the figure above of a human femur. Spongy bone is indicated by the letter ____.</strong> A) ​A B) ​B C) ​C D) ​D E) ​E <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The following question refers to the figure above of a human femur.
Spongy bone is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E
سؤال
The axial skeleton includes which of the following?​

A) ​phalanges
B) ​ribs
C) ​femur
D) ​ulna
E) ​metatarsals
سؤال
The largest bone in the human body is the _____.

A) ​pelvis
B) ​tibia
C) ​ulna
D) ​femur
E) ​skull
سؤال
Which of the following is properly matched?​

A) ​osteoblasts and bone breakdown
B) ​osteocytes and initial bone formation
C) ​osteoclasts and initial bone formation
D) ​osteoclasts and bone breakdown
E) ​osteoblasts and cartilage formation
سؤال
Four of the following are components of the appendicular skeleton. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​arm bones
B) ​collarbones
C) ​finger bones
D) ​ribs
E) ​leg bones
سؤال
<strong>  The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone. When bones of a joint slip out of places, it is known as _____.</strong> A) ​a sprain B) ​a strain C) ​arthritis D) ​a dislocation E) ​a break <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
When bones of a joint slip out of places, it is known as _____.

A) ​a sprain
B) ​a strain
C) ​arthritis
D) ​a dislocation
E) ​a break
سؤال
Which of the following is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

A) ​ulna connected to the tibia
B) ​humerus connected to the scapula
C) ​leg bone connected to the hip bone
D) ​teeth connected to the jaw
E) ​two vertebrae connected together
سؤال
<strong>  The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone. Dense connective tissue is indicated by the letter ____.</strong> A) ​A B) B​ C) ​C D) ​D E) ​E <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
Dense connective tissue is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) B​
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E
سؤال
A sheath of connective tissue that encloses each skeletal muscles is known as _____.

A) ​cartilage
B) ​a ligament
C) ​a sphincter
D) ​a joint
E) ​a tendon
سؤال
Prolonged sitting decreases production of _____, which facilitates removal of harmful lipids from the blood.

A) ​lactase
B) ​ADP
C) ​ATP
D) ​lipoprotein lipase
E) ​phosphates
سؤال
Figure 35.14

<strong>Figure 35.14 ​   Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions. The structure indicated by the letter B above represents ____.</strong> A) ​thin filament B) ​myofibril C) ​myosin D) ​thick filament E) ​muscle fiber <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions.
The structure indicated by the letter "B" above represents ____.

A) ​thin filament
B) ​myofibril
C) ​myosin
D) ​thick filament
E) ​muscle fiber
سؤال
The contractile unit of a muscle is the ____.

A) ​sarcomere
B) ​myosin head
C) ​phosphate group
D) ​myofibril
E) ​actin filaments
سؤال
Figure 35.14

<strong>Figure 35.14 ​   Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions. The structure indicated by the letter C above represents ____.</strong> A) ​thin filament B) myofibril​ C) ​thick filament D) ​myofilament E) ​muscle fiber <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions.
The structure indicated by the letter "C" above represents ____.

A) ​thin filament
B) myofibril​
C) ​thick filament
D) ​myofilament
E) ​muscle fiber
سؤال
Aerobic training ____.

A) ​makes skeletal muscles more resistant to fatigue
B) ​promotes break down of actin and myosin
C) ​is fueled mostly by creatine phosphate
D) ​produces muscle fibers that fatigue quickly
E) ​makes skeletal muscles become rigid and stiff
سؤال
Figure 35.16
<strong>Figure 35.16   Which of the following is true concerning the pathogen that causes tetanus?​</strong> A) ​The bacteria are airborne. B) ​The bacteria are spread by respiration. C) ​The pathogen is a virus. D) ​The bacteria tend to colonize wounds. E) ​The toxin produced by the pathogen prevents muscle contraction. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Which of the following is true concerning the pathogen that causes tetanus?​

A) ​The bacteria are airborne.
B) ​The bacteria are spread by respiration.
C) ​The pathogen is a virus.
D) ​The bacteria tend to colonize wounds.
E) ​The toxin produced by the pathogen prevents muscle contraction.
سؤال
When a sarcomere is at rest, the myosin binding sites on actin are blocked by _____.

A) ​phosphorous
B) ​sodium
C) ​tropomyosin
D) ​the myosin heads
E) ​AMP
سؤال
Figure 35.14

<strong>Figure 35.14 ​   Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions. Energized myosin heads bind to actin only when ____ is present.</strong> A) ​myosin B) ​AMP C) ​calcium D) ​ATP E) ​sodium <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions.
Energized myosin heads bind to actin only when ____ is present.

A) ​myosin
B) ​AMP
C) ​calcium
D) ​ATP
E) ​sodium
سؤال
A frequent site of bone injury is at or near a(n) _____.

A) ​connective tissue
B) ​joint
C) ​insertion point
D) ​matrix
E) ​ligament
سؤال
Which of these occurs during vigorous exercise?​

A) glycolysis​
B) ​actin depletion
C) ​lactate fermentation
D) ​glycogen buildup
E) ​creatine phosphate formation
سؤال
An example of a boneless muscular organ is a(n) ____.

A) ​urethra
B) ​tendon
C) ​ligament
D) ​tongue
E) ​muscle fiber
سؤال
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
This bone transfers force from the arms to the axial skeleton.
سؤال
Figure 35.14

<strong>Figure 35.14 ​   Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions. During muscle contractions, ____.</strong> A) ​the sarcomeres lengthen B) ​the actin and myosin filaments slide in the same direction C) ​the actin filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere D) ​the muscle fibers elongate E) ​the muscle fibers are motionless <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions.
During muscle contractions, ____.

A) ​the sarcomeres lengthen
B) ​the actin and myosin filaments slide in the same direction
C) ​the actin filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere
D) ​the muscle fibers elongate
E) ​the muscle fibers are motionless
سؤال
The mechanical force generated by a contracting muscle is called _____.

A) ​a motor unit
B) ​muscle tension
C) ​a motor neuron
D) ​the energizing of myosin molecules
E) ​the action potential
سؤال
Figure 35.16
<strong>Figure 35.16   The structure indicated by the letter B above represents _____.</strong> A) ​actin B) a ​myofibril C) ​myosin D) ​thesarcoplasmic reticulum E) ​amuscle fiber <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The structure indicated by the letter "B" above represents _____.

A) ​actin
B) a ​myofibril
C) ​myosin
D) ​thesarcoplasmic reticulum
E) ​amuscle fiber
سؤال
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
This bone is not part of the appendicular skeleton.
سؤال
An immediate source of energy for exercising muscle cells is _____.

A) ​creatine phosphate
B) ​aerobic respiration
C) ​anaerobic respiration
D) ​fermentation
E) ​glycolysis
سؤال
Skeletal muscle cells are not typical cells because ____.

A) ​groups of them fuse in the embryo to form multinucleated fibers
B) ​they are smooth
C) ​they are hydrostatic
D) ​they do not respond to stimuli
E) ​they operate independently from all other body systems
سؤال
Action potentials traveling down the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber will next reach the _____ after leaving the T tubules.

A) ​mitochondria
B) ​neuromuscular junction
C) ​cytoskeletal system
D) ​sarcoplasmic reticulum
E) ​endomembrane system
سؤال
Figure 35.16
<strong>Figure 35.16   Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) usually causes death by ____.</strong> A) ​paralysis B) ​heart failure C) ​respiratory failure D) ​brain death E) ​liver failure <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) usually causes death by ____.

A) ​paralysis
B) ​heart failure
C) ​respiratory failure
D) ​brain death
E) ​liver failure
سؤال
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
Dense connective tissue holds bones in place.
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
consist of myosin, a motor protein with a clublike head and a long tail
سؤال
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
This bone connects to the femur.
سؤال
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
Fluid filled space in this joint provides lubrication.
سؤال
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
A ruptured disk is next to this bone.
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
substance that binds to the thick-filament head causing it to release thin filament and return to its low-energy state
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
contractile units of muscle​
سؤال
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
Examples are the joints that connect the ribs to the sternum.
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
threadlike protein structures consisting of contractile units arranged end to end​; comprises the bulk of the muscle fiber
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
cross-bridge is formed between thick and thin filaments following the release of this substance from ATP bound to myosin​
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
A(n) __________ is a confined fluid upon which muscle contractions act.
سؤال
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
Allows for a variety of movements (for example, ball-and-socket joints).
سؤال
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
Examples are the joints connecting skull bones.
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
supply the ATP necessary for muscle contraction​
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
consists of sarcomeres that are not aligned​
سؤال
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
This is a toe bone.
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
this protein repeatedly binds, moves, and releases an adjacent thin filament causing a muscle to contract​
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
consists of sarcomeres that are aligned making it appear striated
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
a mesh of cytoskeletal elements that attach the sarcomere to its surrounding components​
سؤال
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
component of thin filaments​
سؤال
In the absence of a nerve connection or electrical stimulation, can a muscle cell be made to contract in a laboratory setting? Explain your answer.
سؤال
When a person dies, the body often experiences rigor mortis. In this condition, it is as if the muscles have become inflexible and it is very difficult to manipulate the joints. Why does this occur?​
سؤال
Why is back pain so common in humans?​
سؤال
__________ are cells that synthesize bone, whereas __________ break bone down.
سؤال
The prospect of inhibiting myostatin and growing larger muscles may be tempting to a great many people. Is there any danger to increasing muscle mass? Explain your answer.
سؤال
The __________ consists of skull bones, a vertebral column (backbone), and a rib cage.
سؤال
Some bones have __________ that makes blood cells.
سؤال
The __________ is the pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle, and paired limbs.
سؤال
The spinal cord runs through, and is protected by, the __________.
سؤال
A(n) __________ consists of hardened parts inside the body.
سؤال
Signals from motor neurons result in action potentials in muscle fibers, which in turn causes the __________ to release stored calcium ions.
سؤال
A(n) __________ consists of hardened parts at the body surface.
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ملء الشاشة (f)
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Deck 35: Structural Support and Movement
1
In comparison to men, women make much less ____.

A) ​testosterone
B) growth hormone​
C) myostatin​
D) ​estrogen
E) progesterone​
A
2
Figure 35.5
<strong>Figure 35.5   What type of skeleton is found in an earthworm, as illustrated in the accompanying figure?​</strong> A) ​cartilaginous B) ​bone C) ​hydrostatic D) ​chitinous E) exoskeleton​
What type of skeleton is found in an earthworm, as illustrated in the accompanying figure?​

A) ​cartilaginous
B) ​bone
C) ​hydrostatic
D) ​chitinous
E) exoskeleton​
C
3
Figure 35.5
<strong>Figure 35.5   Which of the following does NOT have an exoskeleton?​</strong> A) ​lobsters B) ​spiders C) ​insects D) ​earthworms E) ​centipedes
Which of the following does NOT have an exoskeleton?​

A) ​lobsters
B) ​spiders
C) ​insects
D) ​earthworms
E) ​centipedes
D
4
Bully whippets are abnormally heavily muscled because _____.

A) ​they have a over-abundance of testosterone
B) ​they have an over-abundance of growth hormone
C) ​they are heterozygous for the deletion in the myostatin gene
D) ​they are homozygous for the wild-type myostatin gene
E) they are homozygous for the deletion in the myostatin gene​
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5
<strong>  The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone. Dense connective tissue is indicated by the letter ____.</strong> A) ​A B) ​B C) ​C D) ​D E) ​E
The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
Dense connective tissue is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E
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6
A _____ cushions the area between the knee cap and the femur.

A) ​suture
B) ​ligament
C) ​Bursa
D) ​Tendon
E) ​fascia
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7
<strong>  The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone. What is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skeletal system?​</strong> A) ​Graves' disease B) ​rheumatoid arthritis C) ​Hashimoto's disease D) ​osteoarthritis E) ​polio
The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
What is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skeletal system?​

A) ​Graves' disease
B) ​rheumatoid arthritis
C) ​Hashimoto's disease
D) ​osteoarthritis
E) ​polio
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8
The knee is an example of a ____.

A) ​cartilaginous joint
B) ​ligament
C) ​meniscus
D) ​synovial joint
E) ​fibrous joint
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9
What is the name of the area where bones meet and interact?​

A) ​joint
B) ​ligament
C) ​osteoblast
D) ​bony matrix
E) ​connective tissue
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10
Muscle fibers contain _____ for making ATP.

A) ​myosin
B) ​indentations
C) ​myofibrils
D) ​sarcomeres
E) ​many mitochondria
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11
Figure 35.5
<strong>Figure 35.5   Which type of skeleton is found in a starfish?​</strong> A) ​cartilaginous B) ​exoskeleton C) ​hydrostatic D) ​chitinous E) ​endoskeletal
Which type of skeleton is found in a starfish?​

A) ​cartilaginous
B) ​exoskeleton
C) ​hydrostatic
D) ​chitinous
E) ​endoskeletal
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12

<strong>​   The following question refers to the figure above of a human femur. Spongy bone is indicated by the letter ____.</strong> A) ​A B) ​B C) ​C D) ​D E) ​E
The following question refers to the figure above of a human femur.
Spongy bone is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E
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13
The axial skeleton includes which of the following?​

A) ​phalanges
B) ​ribs
C) ​femur
D) ​ulna
E) ​metatarsals
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14
The largest bone in the human body is the _____.

A) ​pelvis
B) ​tibia
C) ​ulna
D) ​femur
E) ​skull
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15
Which of the following is properly matched?​

A) ​osteoblasts and bone breakdown
B) ​osteocytes and initial bone formation
C) ​osteoclasts and initial bone formation
D) ​osteoclasts and bone breakdown
E) ​osteoblasts and cartilage formation
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16
Four of the following are components of the appendicular skeleton. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​arm bones
B) ​collarbones
C) ​finger bones
D) ​ribs
E) ​leg bones
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17
<strong>  The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone. When bones of a joint slip out of places, it is known as _____.</strong> A) ​a sprain B) ​a strain C) ​arthritis D) ​a dislocation E) ​a break
The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
When bones of a joint slip out of places, it is known as _____.

A) ​a sprain
B) ​a strain
C) ​arthritis
D) ​a dislocation
E) ​a break
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18
Which of the following is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

A) ​ulna connected to the tibia
B) ​humerus connected to the scapula
C) ​leg bone connected to the hip bone
D) ​teeth connected to the jaw
E) ​two vertebrae connected together
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19
<strong>  The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone. Dense connective tissue is indicated by the letter ____.</strong> A) ​A B) B​ C) ​C D) ​D E) ​E
The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone.
Dense connective tissue is indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) B​
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E
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20
A sheath of connective tissue that encloses each skeletal muscles is known as _____.

A) ​cartilage
B) ​a ligament
C) ​a sphincter
D) ​a joint
E) ​a tendon
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21
Prolonged sitting decreases production of _____, which facilitates removal of harmful lipids from the blood.

A) ​lactase
B) ​ADP
C) ​ATP
D) ​lipoprotein lipase
E) ​phosphates
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22
Figure 35.14

<strong>Figure 35.14 ​   Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions. The structure indicated by the letter B above represents ____.</strong> A) ​thin filament B) ​myofibril C) ​myosin D) ​thick filament E) ​muscle fiber
Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions.
The structure indicated by the letter "B" above represents ____.

A) ​thin filament
B) ​myofibril
C) ​myosin
D) ​thick filament
E) ​muscle fiber
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23
The contractile unit of a muscle is the ____.

A) ​sarcomere
B) ​myosin head
C) ​phosphate group
D) ​myofibril
E) ​actin filaments
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24
Figure 35.14

<strong>Figure 35.14 ​   Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions. The structure indicated by the letter C above represents ____.</strong> A) ​thin filament B) myofibril​ C) ​thick filament D) ​myofilament E) ​muscle fiber
Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions.
The structure indicated by the letter "C" above represents ____.

A) ​thin filament
B) myofibril​
C) ​thick filament
D) ​myofilament
E) ​muscle fiber
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25
Aerobic training ____.

A) ​makes skeletal muscles more resistant to fatigue
B) ​promotes break down of actin and myosin
C) ​is fueled mostly by creatine phosphate
D) ​produces muscle fibers that fatigue quickly
E) ​makes skeletal muscles become rigid and stiff
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26
Figure 35.16
<strong>Figure 35.16   Which of the following is true concerning the pathogen that causes tetanus?​</strong> A) ​The bacteria are airborne. B) ​The bacteria are spread by respiration. C) ​The pathogen is a virus. D) ​The bacteria tend to colonize wounds. E) ​The toxin produced by the pathogen prevents muscle contraction.
Which of the following is true concerning the pathogen that causes tetanus?​

A) ​The bacteria are airborne.
B) ​The bacteria are spread by respiration.
C) ​The pathogen is a virus.
D) ​The bacteria tend to colonize wounds.
E) ​The toxin produced by the pathogen prevents muscle contraction.
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27
When a sarcomere is at rest, the myosin binding sites on actin are blocked by _____.

A) ​phosphorous
B) ​sodium
C) ​tropomyosin
D) ​the myosin heads
E) ​AMP
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28
Figure 35.14

<strong>Figure 35.14 ​   Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions. Energized myosin heads bind to actin only when ____ is present.</strong> A) ​myosin B) ​AMP C) ​calcium D) ​ATP E) ​sodium
Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions.
Energized myosin heads bind to actin only when ____ is present.

A) ​myosin
B) ​AMP
C) ​calcium
D) ​ATP
E) ​sodium
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29
A frequent site of bone injury is at or near a(n) _____.

A) ​connective tissue
B) ​joint
C) ​insertion point
D) ​matrix
E) ​ligament
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30
Which of these occurs during vigorous exercise?​

A) glycolysis​
B) ​actin depletion
C) ​lactate fermentation
D) ​glycogen buildup
E) ​creatine phosphate formation
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31
An example of a boneless muscular organ is a(n) ____.

A) ​urethra
B) ​tendon
C) ​ligament
D) ​tongue
E) ​muscle fiber
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32
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
This bone transfers force from the arms to the axial skeleton.
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33
Figure 35.14

<strong>Figure 35.14 ​   Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions. During muscle contractions, ____.</strong> A) ​the sarcomeres lengthen B) ​the actin and myosin filaments slide in the same direction C) ​the actin filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere D) ​the muscle fibers elongate E) ​the muscle fibers are motionless
Use the structure of a skeletal muscle figure above to answer the following questions.
During muscle contractions, ____.

A) ​the sarcomeres lengthen
B) ​the actin and myosin filaments slide in the same direction
C) ​the actin filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere
D) ​the muscle fibers elongate
E) ​the muscle fibers are motionless
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34
The mechanical force generated by a contracting muscle is called _____.

A) ​a motor unit
B) ​muscle tension
C) ​a motor neuron
D) ​the energizing of myosin molecules
E) ​the action potential
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35
Figure 35.16
<strong>Figure 35.16   The structure indicated by the letter B above represents _____.</strong> A) ​actin B) a ​myofibril C) ​myosin D) ​thesarcoplasmic reticulum E) ​amuscle fiber
The structure indicated by the letter "B" above represents _____.

A) ​actin
B) a ​myofibril
C) ​myosin
D) ​thesarcoplasmic reticulum
E) ​amuscle fiber
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36
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
This bone is not part of the appendicular skeleton.
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37
An immediate source of energy for exercising muscle cells is _____.

A) ​creatine phosphate
B) ​aerobic respiration
C) ​anaerobic respiration
D) ​fermentation
E) ​glycolysis
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38
Skeletal muscle cells are not typical cells because ____.

A) ​groups of them fuse in the embryo to form multinucleated fibers
B) ​they are smooth
C) ​they are hydrostatic
D) ​they do not respond to stimuli
E) ​they operate independently from all other body systems
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39
Action potentials traveling down the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber will next reach the _____ after leaving the T tubules.

A) ​mitochondria
B) ​neuromuscular junction
C) ​cytoskeletal system
D) ​sarcoplasmic reticulum
E) ​endomembrane system
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40
Figure 35.16
<strong>Figure 35.16   Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) usually causes death by ____.</strong> A) ​paralysis B) ​heart failure C) ​respiratory failure D) ​brain death E) ​liver failure
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) usually causes death by ____.

A) ​paralysis
B) ​heart failure
C) ​respiratory failure
D) ​brain death
E) ​liver failure
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41
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
Dense connective tissue holds bones in place.
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42
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
consist of myosin, a motor protein with a clublike head and a long tail
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43
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
This bone connects to the femur.
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44
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
Fluid filled space in this joint provides lubrication.
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45
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
A ruptured disk is next to this bone.
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46
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
substance that binds to the thick-filament head causing it to release thin filament and return to its low-energy state
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47
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
contractile units of muscle​
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48
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
Examples are the joints that connect the ribs to the sternum.
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49
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
threadlike protein structures consisting of contractile units arranged end to end​; comprises the bulk of the muscle fiber
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50
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
cross-bridge is formed between thick and thin filaments following the release of this substance from ATP bound to myosin​
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51
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
A(n) __________ is a confined fluid upon which muscle contractions act.
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52
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
Allows for a variety of movements (for example, ball-and-socket joints).
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53
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
Examples are the joints connecting skull bones.
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54
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
supply the ATP necessary for muscle contraction​
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55
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
consists of sarcomeres that are not aligned​
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56
Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below.​
a.​fibrous joint
b.​cartilaginous joint
c.​synovial joint
This is a toe bone.
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57
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
this protein repeatedly binds, moves, and releases an adjacent thin filament causing a muscle to contract​
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58
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
consists of sarcomeres that are aligned making it appear striated
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59
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
a mesh of cytoskeletal elements that attach the sarcomere to its surrounding components​
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60
​Match each description to its correct term.a.​Z line
b.​ATP
c.​mitochondria
d.​actin
e.​sarcomeres
f.​phosphate group
g.​myofibrils
h.​smooth muscle
i.​thick filaments
j.​myosin
k.​skeletal muscle
component of thin filaments​
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61
In the absence of a nerve connection or electrical stimulation, can a muscle cell be made to contract in a laboratory setting? Explain your answer.
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62
When a person dies, the body often experiences rigor mortis. In this condition, it is as if the muscles have become inflexible and it is very difficult to manipulate the joints. Why does this occur?​
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63
Why is back pain so common in humans?​
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64
__________ are cells that synthesize bone, whereas __________ break bone down.
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65
The prospect of inhibiting myostatin and growing larger muscles may be tempting to a great many people. Is there any danger to increasing muscle mass? Explain your answer.
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66
The __________ consists of skull bones, a vertebral column (backbone), and a rib cage.
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67
Some bones have __________ that makes blood cells.
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68
The __________ is the pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle, and paired limbs.
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69
The spinal cord runs through, and is protected by, the __________.
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70
A(n) __________ consists of hardened parts inside the body.
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71
Signals from motor neurons result in action potentials in muscle fibers, which in turn causes the __________ to release stored calcium ions.
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72
A(n) __________ consists of hardened parts at the body surface.
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