Deck 40: Maintaining the Internal Environment

Question 1

Use the figure above showing of the structure of the human kidney to answer the following two questions.
Blood flows from the peritubular capillaries to the structure indicated by the letter ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) D​
E) ​E

Answer 1

D

Question 2

An animal loses water by four of the following processes. Which one is the exception?

A) ​bleeding
B) ​excretion
C) ​secretion
D) ​exhalation
E) ​inhalation

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Urinalysis can be used to identify four of the following. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​intoxication
B) ​prostate cancer
C) ​kidney disease
D) ​diabetes mellitus
E) ​previous heart attack

Answer 3

E

Question 4

____ and ____ that enter Bowman's capsule are reabsorbed.

A) ​Water; urine
B) ​Starches; amino acids
C) ​Amino acids; proteins
D) ​Glucose; amino acids
E) Glucose; proteins​

Question 5

Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following two questions.
Blanks "A" and "B" should be labeled respectively ____.

A) ​does not gulp; loss
B) ​does not gulp; gain
C) ​gulps; loss
D) ​gulps; gain
E) ​does not gulp; pump

Question 6

The nephron begins in the ____.

A) ​glomerulus
B) ​loop of Henle
C) ​cortex
D) ​ureter
E) ​medulla

Question 7

The letter "B" in the above figure represents a(n) _____.

A) ​kidney
B) ​urethra
C) ​urinary bladder
D) ​ureter
E) ​Bowman's capsule

Question 8

Protein breakdown produces ____.

A) ​nitrogen gas
B) ​carbon dioxide
C) ​ammonia
D) ​carbon monoxide
E) ​oxygen

Question 9

Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following two questions.
In birds and reptiles,waste ammonia is usually converted to ____.

A) ​uric acid
B) ​protein
C) ​carbohydrates
D) ​carbon dioxide
E) ​glucose

Question 10

In the above illustration of fluid regulation in an earthworm, the letter "B" represents which of the following?​

A) the excretory pore​
B) the nephridium
C) ​the storage bladder
D) the ureter
E) ​funnel to collect fluid

Question 11

Use the figure above showing of the structure of the human kidney to answer the following two questions.
The region where the renal cortex is located is indicated by the letter(s) _____.

A) A​
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​E
E) ​both A and B

Question 12

The hairpin turn of the nephron is the ____.

A) ​Bowman's capsule
B) ​renal medulla
C) ​distal tubule
D) ​loop of Henle
E) ​urethra

Question 13

Acidic urine can indicate ____.

A) ​pregnancy
B) ​intoxication
C) ​toxins and drugs
D) metabolic problems​
E) ​infection

Question 14

For water to leave a kidney tubule by osmosis, the interstitial fluid around that region of tubule must be ____ relative to the filtrate inside the tubule.

A) ​hypertonic
B) ​hypotonic
C) ​isotonic
D) ​osmotic
E) ​permeable

Question 15

The cluster of capillaries in a Bowman's capsule is called the ____.

A) ​loop of Henle
B) ​glomerulus
C) ​distal tubule
D) ​proximal tubule
E) ​afferent vessel

Question 16

Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following two questions.
The channel between the bladder and the body surface is the _____.

A) ​renal medulla
B) ​fallopian tube
C) ​urethra
D) ​ureter
E) ​epididymis

Question 17

Use the figure above showing a marine bony fish to answer the following two questions.
Blanks "C" and "D" should be labeled respectively _____.

A) ​in; large
B) ​in; small
C) ​out; large
D) ​out; small
E) ​in; equal

Question 18

Blood pressure drives filtration in the ____.

A) ​urethra
B) ​renal artery
C) ​glomerulus
D) ​plasma
E) ​sodium-potassium pumps

Question 19

In the above illustration of fluid regulation in a planarian, the letter "A" represents which of the following?​

A) ​nucleus of the flame cell
B) ​small capillaries that allow water to freely diffuse into the planarian
C) ​sexual reproductive organ
D) ​cilia to draw fluid into the planarian
E) ​funnel to collect fluid

Question 20

In the structural figure of a nephron shown above, which part is the glomerulus?

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​E

Question 21

In humans, the thirst center is located in the ____.

A) ​adrenal cortex
B) ​hypothalamus
C) ​anterior pituitary
D) ​pons
E) ​thymus

Question 22

Kidney problems can arise from ____.

A) ​viral infections
B) ​gall stones
C) ​arsenic or lead poisoning
D) ​low protein diets
E) ​high protein diets

Question 23

The urinary system helps to maintain the extracellular fluid pH by ____.

A) ​synthesizing buffers
B) ​retaining carbon dioxide in the filtrate
C) ​excreting excess hydrogen ions
D) ​combining hydrogen ions with urea
E) ​excreting filtrate

Question 24

A rise in sodium levels and extracellular volume leads to a rise in blood pressure. As a result, ____.

A) ​renin levels rise, but aldosterone levels fall
B) ​renin levels fall, but angiotensin levels rise
C) ​renin and aldosterone levels rise
D) renin and aldosterone levels drop​
E) ​renin levels drop, but aldosterone levels remain the same

Question 25

Which of the following is part of the initial response to cold temperature?

A) vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels​
B) ​panting
C) sweating
D) ​shunting of the blood to the core regions of the body
E) ​decreased metabolism

Question 26

Which statement is true regarding kidney stones?

A) ​A high carbohydrate diet decreases the risk for their formation.
B) ​A high carbohydrate diet increases the risk for their formation.
C) ​A high protein diet increases the risk for their formation.
D) ​A high protein diet decreases the risk for their formation
E) ​A low protein and low fat diet increases the risk for their formation.

Question 27

Which of the following does NOT influence the pH of extracellular fluids?

A) ​respiration
B) ​a high protein diet
C) ​bicarbonate ions
D) ​excretion of filtrates
E) ​phosphate and ammonia ions

Question 28

A kidney dialysis machine ____.

A) ​may cleanse the patient's blood outside the body
B) ​may use the patient's chest cavity as the site for solute exchange
C) ​replaces solutes in blood lost by urination
D) ​used by patients after a kidney transplant
E) ​is used to treat kidney stones

Question 29

____ is an adrenal hormone that makes kidney tubules more permeable to sodium and encourages sodium reabsorption, thus increasing water reabsorption and concentrating the urine.

A) ADH​
B) ​ANP
C) ​Angiotensinogen
D) ​Aldosterone
E) ​AMP

Question 30

The first step in urine formation is when blood pressure forces protein-free plasma out of glomerular capillaries and into ____.

A) ​Bowman's capsule
B) ​the loop of Henle
C) ​theproximal tubule
D) ​thedistal tubule
E) ​theplasma

Question 31

The region where filtration occurs is indicated by the letter(s) ____.

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​A and D

Question 32

The antidiuretic hormone works on ____ that encourages the kidneys to reabsorb water.

A) a positive feedback loop​
B) ​a negative feedback loop
C) ​the proximal tubules of nephrons in the kidney
D) ​the action potential
E) ​the muscle tissue

Question 33

Where does hormonal adjustment to solute and volume levels occur?

A) ​A
B) ​B
C) ​C
D) ​D
E) ​C and D

Question 34

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
nephron

Question 35

The descending arm of the loop of Henle is permeable to ____ but impermeable to ____.

A) ​water; potassium ions
B) ​water; sodium ions
C) ​sodium ions; water
D) ​potassium ions; water
E) ​all choices are incorrect

Question 36

Which process describes why a person feels warmer when she moves close to a warm person?

A) ​convection
B) ​evaporation
C) ​conduction
D) ​radiation
E) ​collection

Question 37

____ is a passive transport plasma membrane protein that forms a pore through which water (but not solutes)can flow freely across the membrane.

A) ​ADH
B) ​A sodium ion
C) ​Ketone bodies
D) ​Aquaporin
E) ​Angiotensinogen

Question 38

Which process causes loss of heat by transforming liquid water into a gas?

A) ​conduction
B) ​radiation.
C) ​convection
D) ​metabolism
E) ​evaporation

Question 39

The primary thermostat of the body is located in the ____.

A) ​pons
B) hypothalamus​
C) ​medulla oblongata
D) ​thymus
E) ​thyroid gland

Question 40

Ectothermic animals regulate their body temperature by ____.

A) ​adjusting their metabolism
B) ​relying on insulation such as feathers
C) ​growing hair
D) ​foraging for food
E) ​altering their position

Question 41

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
ADH

Question 42

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
cold response

Question 43

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
hemodialysis

Question 44

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.​
a.Bowman's capsule
b.​proximal tubule
c.​descending portion of loop of Henle
d.​distal tubule
__________ and __________ fluid are the main components of extracellular fluid.

Question 45

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
tubular secretion

Question 46

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.​
a.Bowman's capsule
b.​proximal tubule
c.​descending portion of loop of Henle
d.​distal tubule
Sodium ions are actively transported out from this region.

Question 47

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
heterothermic​

Question 48

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
tubular reabsorption

Question 49

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.​
a.Bowman's capsule
b.​proximal tubule
c.​descending portion of loop of Henle
d.​distal tubule
This region of the tubule is impermeable to sodium exit.

Question 50

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.​
a.Bowman's capsule
b.​proximal tubule
c.​descending portion of loop of Henle
d.​distal tubule
Filtration of the blood occurs in association with this structure.

Question 51

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
convection

Question 52

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
glomerular filtration

Question 53

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
hypothermia

Question 54

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.​
a.Bowman's capsule
b.​proximal tubule
c.​descending portion of loop of Henle
d.​distal tubule
The glomerular capillaries are intimately associated with this structure.

Question 55

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.​
a.Bowman's capsule
b.​proximal tubule
c.​descending portion of loop of Henle
d.​distal tubule
Permeability to water is regulated by antidiuretic hormone in this structure.

Question 56

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
evaporation

Question 57

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
conduction

Question 58

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
ectothermic​

Question 59

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
aldosterone

Question 60

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​
a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production​
b.​​heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d.​animals with more or less constant body temperature
e.​emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature
f.​movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g.​loss of too much body heat
h.​heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries​
j.​a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k.​body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l.​secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m.​passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries
n.​heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules
o.​released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p.toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath
q.​erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
radiation

Question 61

In flatworms, the action of ciliated __________ draws interstitial fluid into a system of tubes that delivers it to the body surface.

Question 62

Birds and reptiles save water by eliminating __________ rich wastes as uric acid crystals.

Question 63

Maintaining the volume and composition of extracellular fluid is an essential aspect of __________.

Question 64

Marine bony fish __________ water by osmosis, while freshwater bony fish __________ water by osmosis.

Question 65

Chart the path of urine from the blood to the outside of the body.

Question 66

What are the downsides of sweat as a cooling mechanism?

Question 67

__________ such as reptiles control core temperature mainly by behavior.

Question 68

In freshwater sponges and other simple freshwater animals, water flows into the body by __________.

Question 69

Why is high blood pressure damaging to the kidneys?

Question 70

Kidney __________ are small, tubular structures that interact with nearby capillaries to form urine.

Question 71

Provide some of the adaptations that allowed animals to adapt to life on dry land.

Question 72

In insects and spiders, __________ take up fluid, uric acid, and solutes from the blood and deliver them to the gut.

Question 73

Long-term exposure to cold can alter metabolism and encourage __________ in which brown adipose tissue produces heat.