Deck 6: Where It Starts - Photosynthesis

Question 1

Figure 6.5B

Following ​Questions refer to the figure above illustrating the results from Engelmann's investigation.
The best light to grow the alga in is ____, according to the figure.

A) ​blue-violet
B) ​blue-green
C) ​green-yellow
D) ​yellow-orange
E) orange-red​

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A pigment absorbs a photon if the energy of the photon is ____.

A) ​exactly enough to boost an electron of the pigment to a higher energy level
B) ​slightly more than the energy of the electron absorbing the photon
C) ​significantly more than the energy of the electron absorbing the photon
D) ​exactly twice the energy of the electron absorbing the photon
E) significantly less than the energy of the electron absorbing the photon​

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Ethanol can be easily produced from ____.

A) ​photosynthetic pigments
B) ​crystalline cellulose
C) ​root systems of plants
D) ​plant sugars
E) stems of plants​

Answer 3

D

Question 4

When an electron in a pigment molecule is absorbed by a photon, it ____.

A) ​is always shared with another atom via a double bond
B) ​is always shared with another atom via a single bond
C) ​emits its extra energy and returns to its original energy level
D) ​moves to a higher energy level and remains there
E) moves to a lower energy level and remains there​

Question 5

Figure 6.5B

Following ​Questions refer to the figure above illustrating the results from Engelmann's investigation.
In plant cells, chloroplasts are found ____.

A) ​on the cell membrane
B) ​in the cytoplasm of the cell
C) ​in the stroma
D) ​in the thylakoids
E) in the central vacuole​

Question 6

The ____ a photon's wavelength, the ____ its energy.

A) ​shorter; greater
B) ​longer; greater
C) ​shorter; less
D) ​longer; more variable
E) shorter; more variable​

Question 7

Figure 6.5B

Following ​Questions refer to the figure above illustrating the results from Engelmann's investigation.
According to the figure, the most effective wavelength for photosynthesis is revealed by algae exposed to ____ nanometers.

A) ​680
B) ​700
C) ​400
D) ​425
E) 550​

Question 8

Photosynthetic plants readily ____.

A) ​get carbon from their food
B) ​obtain energy from water
C) ​consume other organisms as food
D) ​provide food for others
E) do not need gases to make food​

Question 9

____ are accessory pigments in photosynthesis that reflect blue and red wavelengths best.

A) ​Carotenoids
B) ​Phycobilins
C) ​Anthocyanins
D) ​Chlorophyll b
E) Chlorophyll a​

Question 10

In the electromagnetic spectrum, ____.

A) ​infrared energy has the shortest wavelength
B) ​infrared radiation has more energy than red radiation
C) ​visible light has more energy than ultraviolet radiation
D) ​near-infrared radiation provides the energy for photosynthesis
E) visible light provides the energy for photosynthesis​

Question 11

Figure 6.5B

Following ​Questions refer to the figure above illustrating the results from Engelmann's investigation.
Englemann's experiment was designed to determine ____.

A) ​what wavelengths comprise visible light
B) what colors are contained in visible light​
C) ​if bacteria are attracted to oxygen
D) ​if photosynthesis releases oxygen
E) if photosynthesis is impacted by the color of light​

Question 12

Sugars are formed in the chloroplasts ____.

A) ​on the outer membrane
B) ​on the inner membrane
C) ​in the thylakoid compartment
D) ​in the stroma
E) within the thylakoid membrane​

Question 13

During the light dependent reactions, NADPH ____.

A) ​is an enzyme
B) ​is the oxidized form of NADP+
C) accepts hydrogen and electrons from water​
D) ​accepts hydrogen and electrons from carbohydrates
E) obtains energy from ATP​

Question 14

Carotenoids are accessory pigments that ____.

A) absorb yellow and red light to assist in photosynthesis​
B) ​capture energy from light and use it directly in cellular respiration
C) ​are masked by the presence of chlorophyll throughout the growing season
D) ​absorb blue and violet wavelengths and reflect green and yellow
E) reflect blue wavelengths​

Question 15

The light dependent reactions do not produce ____.

A) ​glucose
B) ​oxygen
C) ​ATP
D) ​NADPH
E) H+​

Question 16

Actual assembly of sugars during photosynthesis ____.

A) ​occurs during light-dependent reactions
B) ​takes place in the mitochondria
C) ​requires NADPH
D) ​yields ATP
E) requires oxygen​

Question 17

What statement below characterizes pigments' function?​

A) ​They absorb some photons.
B) ​They reflect all photons.
C) ​They absorb photons of all colors.
D) ​They absorb photons of all wavelengths.
E) They absorb ultraviolet wavelengths.​

Question 18

Chlorophyll does not absorb ____ wavelengths of light.

A) ​red
B) yellow​
C) ​orange
D) ​green
E) blue​

Question 19

Plants are considered to be ____.

A) ​heterotrophs
B) ​chemotrophs
C) ​carbotrophs
D) ​autotrophs
E) thermotrophs​

Question 20

What is NOT a product of the light-independent reactions?​

A) ​ADP
B) ​NADP+
C) oxygen​
D) ​glucose
E) free phosphates​

Question 21

What product of the light-dependent reactions is released directly into the environment?​

A) ​O₂
B) ​electrons
C) ​NADPH
D) ​ATP
E) hydrogen ions​

Question 22

A high concentration of H+ in the thylakoid compartment provides potential energy for the ____ by ____.

A) ​breakdown of water; oxidation
B) ​production of ATP; ATP synthases
C) ​reduction of NADP+; an electron transfer chain
D) ​production of sugars; the light-independent reactions
E) production of O₂; photolysis​

Question 23

Plant cells release hydrogen ions and oxygen from H₂O molecules in ____.

A) ​photosystem I
B) ​photosystem II
C) cyclic photophosphorylation​
D) ​the light independent reaction
E) carbon fixation​

Question 24

The two photosystems of light-dependent reactions are designated ____.

A) ​type 1 and type 2
B) ​type I and type II
C) ​photosystem A and photosystem B
D) ​photosystem 680 and photosystem 700
E) photosystem I and photosystem II​

Question 25

What is present in both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions?​

A) ​ATP
B) oxygen​
C) ​glucose
D) ​rubisco
E) water​

Question 26

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis ____.

A) ​fix carbon dioxide
B) ​release oxygen
C) ​cannot occur in light
D) ​generate ATP
E) use ADP​

Question 27

cyclic pathway of ATP formation

Question 28

Which of the following has the most energy?​

A) ​phosphoglycerate (PGA)
B) ​ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
C) ​phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
D) ​glucose
E) rubisco​

Question 29

The proteins associated with the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are located ____.

A) ​on the outer membranes of the chloroplast
B) ​in the stroma
C) ​on the thylakoid membrane
D) ​throughout the cytoplasm of plant cells
E) in the thylakoid compartment​

Question 30

What is formed during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

A) H+ and H₂O
B) excited electrons and H+
C) ATP and O₂
D) O₂ and NADPH
E) NADPH and ATP

Question 31

What is a required input for the light-independent reactions?​

A) ​NADPH
B) ​phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
C) ​phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
D) ​glucose
E) ribulose bisphosphate​

Question 32

The process of photolysis ____.

A) ​is a function of the cyclic pathway
B) ​involves photosystem I
C) ​occurs in the light-independent reactions
D) ​is the source of water in photosynthesis
E) directly replaces electrons lost by P680​

Question 33

Which statement best describes an electron transfer chain?​

A) ​It generates energy from carbohydrates.
B) ​It is used by cells to dispose of excess electrons.
C) ​It utilizes ATP to synthesize nutrients.
D) ​It transfers energy, stepwise, from one compound to another.
E) It requires activation by oxygen.​

Question 34

The CAM pathway ____.

A) ​involves only the Calvin-Benson cycle
B) ​involves only the C₄ cycle
C) ​is used by plants in humid regions
D) ​is also known as photorespiration
E) needs day and night for completion​

Question 35

The electrons for photosynthesis come from ____.

A) ​ATP
B) ​glucose
C) ​NADP+
D) ​chlorophyll a
E) H₂O​

Question 36

The first stable compound produced from CO₂ in the light-independent reaction is ____.

A) ​phosphoglycerate (PGA)
B) ​ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
C) ​phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
D) ​O₂
E) NADP+​

Question 37

Which chemical has five carbon atoms?​

A) ​phosphoglycerate (PGA)
B) ​ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
C) ​phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
D) ​glucose
E) starch​

Question 38

With regard to photosynthesis, photorespiration ____.

A) ​is more efficient in producing carbohydrates
B) ​predominates in C₃ plants in cool weather when water is plentiful
C) ​predominates in C₄ plants on hot days
D) ​produces the same amount of PGA
E) is less efficient in producing carbohydrates​

Question 39

The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from ____.

A) ​carbon dioxide
B) ​glucose
C) ​ribulose bisphosphate
D) ​water
E) atmospheric oxygen​

Question 40

The C₄ pathway ____.

A) ​produces large amounts of carbohydrates
B) ​is less efficient than the C₃ pathway
C) ​is the mechanism of photorespiration
D) ​involves the activity of rubisco
E) fixes carbon twice​

Question 41

Classification. The five reactions listed below occur during the noncyclic pathway of ATP formation. Use them to respond to the following statements.​
a.​reduction of NADP+
b.​phosphorylation of ADP
c.​photolysis of water
d.​oxidation of chlorophyll
e.​reduction of chlorophyll
When light energy is absorbed by a leaf, this will be the first result.

Question 42

Classification. The processes listed below represent major chemical pathways in photosynthesis. Respond to the following statements with reference to these five processes.​
a.​light-dependent reactions
b.​CAM pathway
c.​carbon fixation
d.​Calvin-Benson cycle
e.​C₄ pathway
This is a carbon-fixing system that separates two carbon fixations into night and day activities.

Question 43

Match the pigment with its relationship to sunlight.​
a.​chlorophyll b
b.​chlorophyll a
c.​phycoerythrobilin
d.​phycocyanobilin
e.​beta-carotene
causes some protists to appear blue

Question 44

Classification. The five reactions listed below occur during the noncyclic pathway of ATP formation. Use them to respond to the following statements.​
a.​reduction of NADP+
b.​phosphorylation of ADP
c.​photolysis of water
d.​oxidation of chlorophyll
e.​reduction of chlorophyll
This results when chlorophyll gains electrons from water molecules.

Question 45

Classification. The processes listed below represent major chemical pathways in photosynthesis. Respond to the following statements with reference to these five processes.​
a.​light-dependent reactions
b.​CAM pathway
c.​carbon fixation
d.​Calvin-Benson cycle
e.​C₄ pathway
This yields NADPH as well as ATP.

Question 46

Match the pigment with its relationship to sunlight.​
a.​chlorophyll b
b.​chlorophyll a
c.​phycoerythrobilin
d.​phycocyanobilin
e.​beta-carotene
is the primary pigment in photosynthetic plants

Question 47

Match the pigment with its relationship to sunlight.​
a.​chlorophyll b
b.​chlorophyll a
c.​phycoerythrobilin
d.​phycocyanobilin
e.​beta-carotene
responsible for red bacteria

Question 48

Classification. The processes listed below represent major chemical pathways in photosynthesis. Respond to the following statements with reference to these five processes.​
a.​light-dependent reactions
b.​CAM pathway
c.​carbon fixation
d.​Calvin-Benson cycle
e.​C₄ pathway
In this process, carbon dioxide is incorporated first into an unstable intermediate compound and then into phosphoglycerate.

Question 49

the PGA to PGAL conversion

Question 50

Classification. The processes listed below represent major chemical pathways in photosynthesis. Respond to the following statements with reference to these five processes.​
a.​light-dependent reactions
b.​CAM pathway
c.​carbon fixation
d.​Calvin-Benson cycle
e.​C₄ pathway
PGAL molecules are formed from the reaction of PGA molecules with ATP and NADPH in this pathway.

Question 51

Classification. The processes listed below represent major chemical pathways in photosynthesis. Respond to the following statements with reference to these five processes.​
a.​light-dependent reactions
b.​CAM pathway
c.​carbon fixation
d.​Calvin-Benson cycle
e.​C₄ pathway
This carbon-fixing system uses CO₂ from inside the plant, and precedes the Calvin-Benson cycle.

Question 52

Match the pigment with its relationship to sunlight.​
a.​chlorophyll b
b.​chlorophyll a
c.​phycoerythrobilin
d.​phycocyanobilin
e.​beta-carotene
absorbs only blue light

Question 53

Classification. The five reactions listed below occur during the noncyclic pathway of ATP formation. Use them to respond to the following statements.​
a.​reduction of NADP+
b.​phosphorylation of ADP
c.​photolysis of water
d.​oxidation of chlorophyll
e.​reduction of chlorophyll
High-energy phosphate bonds are formed during this process.

Question 54

carbon fixation

Question 55

Classification. The five reactions listed below occur during the noncyclic pathway of ATP formation. Use them to respond to the following statements.​
a.​reduction of NADP+
b.​phosphorylation of ADP
c.​photolysis of water
d.​oxidation of chlorophyll
e.​reduction of chlorophyll
This process releases electrons to replace those lost from chlorophyll in noncyclic ATP formation.

Question 56

the formation of glucose

Question 57

Classification. The five reactions listed below occur during the noncyclic pathway of ATP formation. Use them to respond to the following statements.​
a.​reduction of NADP+
b.​phosphorylation of ADP
c.​photolysis of water
d.​oxidation of chlorophyll
e.​reduction of chlorophyll
The final step that occurs during noncyclic ATP formation.

Question 58

Match the pigment with its relationship to sunlight.​
a.​chlorophyll b
b.​chlorophyll a
c.​phycoerythrobilin
d.​phycocyanobilin
e.​beta-carotene
causes some fruits and vegetables to appear orange or yellow

Question 59

Use the figure below to match the pigments with their absorption spectra.​
Figure 6.5C

a.​Peak A
b.​Peak B
c.​Peak C
d.​Peak D
e.​Peak E
beta-carotene

Question 60

noncyclic pathway of ATP formation​

Question 61

A trip to space finds a planet rich with green light. Scientists hope to introduce a photosynthetic organism to this planet. What sort of organism should they choose?​

Question 62

Consider the Calvin-Benson cycle and the noncyclic photosynthetic pathway. Why is the cyclic pathway so important?​

Question 63

Use the figure below to match the pigments with their absorption spectra.​
Figure 6.5C

a.​Peak A
b.​Peak B
c.​Peak C
d.​Peak D
e.​Peak E
phycoerythrobilin

Question 64

The splitting of water produces three products. Name and discuss the role of each.

Question 65

Both C₄ and CAM plants have modified carbon fixation. How do they each perform carbon fixation and what is the benefit of each of these types of carbon fixation?​

Question 66

Use the figure below to match the pigments with their absorption spectra.​
Figure 6.5C

a.​Peak A
b.​Peak B
c.​Peak C
d.​Peak D
e.​Peak E
phycocyanobilin

Question 67

Use the figure below to match the pigments with their absorption spectra.​
Figure 6.5C

a.​Peak A
b.​Peak B
c.​Peak C
d.​Peak D
e.​Peak E
chlorophyll a

Question 68

Any light-driven reaction that attaches phosphate to a molecule is called ____________________.

Question 69

Use the figure below to match the pigments with their absorption spectra.​
Figure 6.5C

a.​Peak A
b.​Peak B
c.​Peak C
d.​Peak D
e.​Peak E
chlorophyll b